Global climate and weather data

The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project is the most complete global collection of tropical cyclones available. It merges recent and historical tropical cyclone data from multiple agencies to create a unified, publicly available, best-track dataset that improves inter-agency comparisons. Fields available: SID: A unique storm identifier (SID) assigned by IBTrACS algorithm. ISO_TIME: Time of the observation in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss) BASIN: Basin of the current storm position SUBBASIN: Sub-basin of the current storm position NATURE: Type of storm (a combination of the various types from the available sources) NUMBER: Number of the storm for the year (restarts at 1 for each year LAT: Mean position - latitude (a combination of the available positions) LON: Mean position - longitude (a combination of the available positions) WMO_WIND: Maximum sustained wind speed assigned by the responsible WMO agency WMO_PRES: Minimum central pressure assigned by the responsible WMO agency.

The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project is the most complete global collection of tropical cyclones available. It merges recent and historical tropical cyclone data from multiple agencies to create a unified, publicly available, best-track dataset that improves inter-agency comparisons. Fields available: SID: A unique storm identifier (SID) assigned by IBTrACS algorithm. ISO_TIME: Time of the observation in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss) BASIN: Basin of the current storm position SUBBASIN: Sub-basin of the current storm position NATURE: Type of storm (a combination of the various types from the available sources) NUMBER: Number of the storm for the year (restarts at 1 for each year LAT: Mean position - latitude (a combination of the available positions) LON: Mean position - longitude (a combination of the available positions) WMO_WIND: Maximum sustained wind speed assigned by the responsible WMO agency WMO_PRES: Minimum central pressure assigned by the responsible WMO agency.

The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project is the most complete global collection of tropical cyclones available. It merges recent and historical tropical cyclone data from multiple agencies to create a unified, publicly available, best-track dataset that improves inter-agency comparisons. Fields available: SID: A unique storm identifier (SID) assigned by IBTrACS algorithm. ISO_TIME: Time of the observation in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss) BASIN: Basin of the current storm position SUBBASIN: Sub-basin of the current storm position NATURE: Type of storm (a combination of the various types from the available sources) NUMBER: Number of the storm for the year (restarts at 1 for each year LAT: Mean position - latitude (a combination of the available positions) LON: Mean position - longitude (a combination of the available positions) WMO_WIND: Maximum sustained wind speed assigned by the responsible WMO agency WMO_PRES: Minimum central pressure assigned by the responsible WMO agency.

The Indicator for Meteorological Drought Tracking provides a clear spatio-temporal identification of persistent low-precipitation conditions at the global scale and at near real-time. It provides the outline and the duration and total spatial extent of drought clusters. The indicator is based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for 3-months accumulation periods (i.e. SPI-3). The SPI indicator is derived from the ERA5 fifth generation reanalysis for the global climate and weather of the ECMWF, with baseline 1991-2020. Drought events are identified by means of a three dimensional density-based clustering algorithm (DBSCAN).

The scalar zonal wind speed layer was original produced by the MEaSUREs Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and derived using satellite inputs coupled with a background analysis wind field from ECMWF to produce a monthly mean wind product that represents inputs of actual observations to represent a continuous observational data record from July 1987 through December 2011. Spatial coverage is global, and extends to approximately 78 degrees North and South latitude. References: CCMP_MEASURES_ATLAS_L4_OW_L3_5A_MONTHLY_WIND_VECTORS_FLK doi:10.5067/CCF35-01AM1 Atlas, R., R. N. Hoffman, J. Ardizzone, S. M. Leidner, J. C. Jusem, D. K. Smith, D. Gombos, 2011: A cross-calibrated, multiplatform ocean surface wind velocity product for meteorological and oceanographic applications. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 157-174. doi: 10.1175/2010BAMS2946.1 **Supplemental Information:** **Description**: mean 10m wind speed (W) **Units**: m/s **Citation:** Mears, C.; Lee, T.; Ricciardulli, L.; Wang, X.; Wentz, F., 2022: RSS Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) monthly ocean vector wind analysis on 0.25 deg grid, Version 3.0, Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, CA. Available at www.remss.com https://doi.org/10.56236/RSS-uv1m30 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Remote Sensing Systems](mailto:support@remss.com) **Resource constraints:** The Remote Sensing Systems Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) ocean vector wind analysis products on 0.25 deg grid, Version 3.0 by Remote Sensing Systems is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. **Online resources:** CCMP Wind Vector Analysis Product

The zonal wind speed layer was original produced by the MEaSUREs Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and derived using satellite inputs coupled with a background analysis wind field from ECMWF to produce a monthly mean wind product that represents inputs of actual observations to represent a continuous observational data record from July 1987 through December 2011. Spatial coverage is global, and extends to approximately 78 degrees North and South latitude. References: CCMP_MEASURES_ATLAS_L4_OW_L3_5A_MONTHLY_WIND_VECTORS_FLK doi:10.5067/CCF35-01AM1 Atlas, R., R. N. Hoffman, J. Ardizzone, S. M. Leidner, J. C. Jusem, D. K. Smith, D. Gombos, 2011: A cross-calibrated, multiplatform ocean surface wind velocity product for meteorological and oceanographic applications. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 157-174. doi: 10.1175/2010BAMS2946.1 **Supplemental Information:** **Description**: mean 10m zonal wind (U) **Units**: m/s **Citation:** Mears, C.; Lee, T.; Ricciardulli, L.; Wang, X.; Wentz, F., 2022: RSS Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) monthly ocean vector wind analysis on 0.25 deg grid, Version 3.0, Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, CA. Available at www.remss.com https://doi.org/10.56236/RSS-uv1m30 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Remote Sensing Systems](mailto:support@remss.com) **Resource constraints:** The Remote Sensing Systems Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) ocean vector wind analysis products on 0.25 deg grid, Version 3.0 by Remote Sensing Systems is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. **Online resources:** CCMP Wind Vector Analysis Product

The meridional wind vector layer was original produced by the MEaSUREs Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and derived using satellite inputs coupled with a background analysis wind field from ECMWF to produce a monthly mean wind product that represents inputs of actual observations to represent a continuous observational data record from July 1987 through December 2011. Spatial coverage is global, and extends to approximately 78 degrees North and South latitude. References: CCMP_MEASURES_ATLAS_L4_OW_L3_5A_MONTHLY_WIND_VECTORS_FLK doi:10.5067/CCF35-01AM1 Atlas, R., R. N. Hoffman, J. Ardizzone, S. M. Leidner, J. C. Jusem, D. K. Smith, D. Gombos, 2011: A cross-calibrated, multiplatform ocean surface wind velocity product for meteorological and oceanographic applications. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 157-174. doi: 10.1175/2010BAMS2946.1 **Supplemental Information:** **Description**: mean 10m meridional wind (V) **Units**: m/s **Citation:** Mears, C.; Lee, T.; Ricciardulli, L.; Wang, X.; Wentz, F., 2022: RSS Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) monthly ocean vector wind analysis on 0.25 deg grid, Version 3.0, Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, CA. Available at www.remss.com https://doi.org/10.56236/RSS-uv1m30 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Remote Sensing Systems](mailto:support@remss.com) **Resource constraints:** The Remote Sensing Systems Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) ocean vector wind analysis products on 0.25 deg grid, Version 3.0 by Remote Sensing Systems is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. **Online resources:** CCMP Wind Vector Analysis Product

Daily CHIRPS rainfall estimates at 0.05 degrees for 50S to 50N, from 1981 to near present, blending satellite imagery with station data. Used for drought early warning and agricultural monitoring.

Overview Aerosol Optical Depth at 550 nanometers (AOD550; Remer et al. 2019) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). AOD550 is an indicator of aerosol loading, with its value proportional to the concentration of aerosol in a cloud-free vertical column of the atmosphere. The data layer is provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of 0.1 degree, which equates to approximately 11 kilometers (km) at the equator. Pixels with no data values represent data set to null due to the presence of cloud cover or values outside of quality control thresholds. Data Layer Summary Name, units Aerosol Optical Depth at 550 nm (AOD550) Dimensionless quantity quantifying the extinction of light at 550 nm by aerosols, which is proportional to the amount of aerosol in the vertical column. Spatial resolution 0.1 degree Level-3, mapped to standard grid; global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE AOD550 products available at this link from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Each NetCDF file includes 18 atmospheric products output by a common algorithm, including spectral AOD at 550 nm and several other wavelengths. Earthdata account required to download. Data Version Version 3.1 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.1 Release Notes for details. Latency ~1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Daily, “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE AOD550 products with less than approximately 24-48 hour latency available at this link from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Each NetCDF file includes 18 data products output by a common algorithm, including spectral AOD at 550 nm and several other wavelengths. Earthdata account required to download. Intended Use: What can I do with this layer? AOD550 is used to monitor distributions of aerosols and how they change over space and time. For example, AOD550 is useful for identifying and tracking areas of high particulate concentrations of smoke and dust that correspond to air quality events, such as wildfires and dust storms. The time (8 day average) and space (0.1 degree) resolution of this data layer enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at regional to global scales.   Limitations of Use: What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication.   Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied.     Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more.   Aerosol Products from PACE OCI For the first time, and with important implications for monitoring aerosols from space, OCI is enabling global measurement of reflected sunlight from the Earth across a broad spectrum from the ultraviolet (UV: 350 nm) to the short-wave infrared (SWIR: 2260 nm) from a single instrument at up to a 1.2 km2 spatial resolution. Seven discrete bands cover SWIR wavelengths, and the spectrum from 350 to 890 nm is continuously covered with a 5 nm bandwidth at 2.5 nm steps. OCI combines in a single instrument (and at an enhanced spatial resolution for the UV) the heritage capabilities of the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), while also covering the oxygen A and B bands. OCI is similar to merging MODIS and OMI into a single instrument, co-registered and with common calibration and a common moderate spatial resolution. Note that OMI’s spatial footprint is 13 × 24 km whereas OCI’s is 1.2 km (both at the sub-satellite point). The spectral capabilities of OCI enable both the development of new aerosol characterization approaches from space as well as continuation of heritage satellite aerosol products (Remer et al. 2019). AOD550 data provided here is one of a suite of measurements output by the Unified Aerosol Algorithm (Remer et al., in prep) using OCI’s broad range of spectral measurements. PACE UAA output includes spectral AOD at 354, 388, 480, 550, and 670 nm over land and water (and additionally at 870, 1240, 1640, and 2220 nm over water), as well as the fine mode fraction of AOD at 550 nm over water. For conditions of moderate or high aerosol loading, it additionally provides estimates of aerosol single scattering albedo and average height. These capabilities are achieved via a combination of NASA heritage Dark Target, Deep Blue, and OMI UV approaches.   What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. To learn more about obtaining PACE data from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find your product(s) of interest in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. To learn about using Earthdata Search to narrow your data product selection, watch this tutorial. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here.   How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission?   Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here.   References: Remer, L. A. et al. (2019) Retrieving aerosol characteristics from the PACE mission, Part 1: Ocean Color Instrument. Frontiers in Earth Science, 7, 152. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00152 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1

Dates of Images: April 10, 2026-April 19, 2026 Date of Next Image: Date Range to be updated as frequently as daily. Summary: GPM IMERG Early Precipitation Rate L3 V07(GPM IMERG Early Precipitation L3 Half Hourly 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V07 (GPM_3IMERGHHE 07))is an image service derived from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Early dataset. The web service shows total precipitation (mm) for the date range outlined by aggregating 30-minute intervals. IMERG is an algorithm that estimates precipitation rate from multiple passive microwave sensors in the GPM constellation, the GPM Dual-Frequency Radar, and infrared (IR) sensors mounted on geostationary satellites. The data is calibrated seasonally and regionally with varying climatological calibration to the Final Run, which adjusts the Early based on the climatological relationship between Early and monthly gauge data.   Input precipitation data estimates computed from the various satellite passive microwave sensors are intercalibrated to the Combined Radar-Radiometer Algorithm (CORRA) product (because it is presumed to be the best snapshot Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)/GPM estimate after adjustment to the monthly Global Precipitation Climatology Project Satellite-Gauge (GPCP SG)), then "forward morphed" and combined with microwave precipitation-calibrated geo-IR fields to provide half-hourly precipitation estimates on a 0.1°x0.1° (roughly 10x10 km) grid over the globe. Precipitation phase is computed using analyses of surface temperature, humidity, and pressure. Credits: Huffman, G.J., E.F. Stocker, D.T. Bolvin, E.J. Nelkin, Jackson Tan (2024), GPM IMERG Early Precipitation L3 Half Hourly 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V07, Greenbelt, MD, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), Accessed [Data Access Date], 10.5067/GPM/IMERG/3B-HH-E/07 Data Access: This data was accessed using Giovanni with a sample URL as follows:https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni/#service=AcMp&starttime=2026-04-10T00:00:00Z&endtime=2026-04-16T23:59:59Z&bbox=130.0781,-3.3838,163.125,26.8506&data=GPM_3IMERGHHL_07_precipitation Dataset at a Glance Shortname: GPM_3IMERGHHE DOI:10.5067/GPM/IMERG/3B-HH-E/07 Version: 07 Coverage: -180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.0 Temporal Coverage: 1998-01-01 to Present Data Resolution Spatial: 0.1 ° x 0.1 ° Temporal: 30 minutes Symbology The default symbology in the Map Viewer may be changed to accommodate other color schemes using the settings in the Image Display panel from the layer settings menu. NoData values, and values less than 0.03 mm/hr (the current threshold value for the IMERG algorithm) have been removed. Ensure that pop-ups are enabled to view pixel values (select Modify Map first).

Lightning Flash Density over Canada (2.5 km) [flash/km²/min] The Canadian Lightning Detection Network (CLDN) provides lightning monitoring across most of Canada. The data distributed here represents a spatio-temporal aggregation of the observations of this network available with an accuracy of a few hundred meters. More precisely, every 10 minutes, the reported observations are processed in the following way: The location of observed lightning (cloud-to-ground and intra-cloud) in the last 10 minutes is extracted. Using a regular horizontal grid of about 2.5km by 2.5km, the number of observed lightning flashes within each grid cell is calculated. These grid data are normalized by the exact area of each cell (in km2) and by the accumulation period (10min) to obtain an observed flash density expressed in km-2 and min-1. A mask is applied to remove data located more than 250km from Canadian land or sea borders. https://geo.weather.gc.ca/geomet?version=1.3.0&service=WMS&request=GetLegendGraphic&sld_version=1.1.0&layer=Lightning_2.5km_Density&format=image/png&STYLE=Lightning Slice time: 2026-10-16 07:50 UTC Attributes: flash_density_km2_min (km^-2 min^-1), datetime_utc (UTC), Longitude, Latitude. This hosted feature layer is created by an ArcGIS Python notebook that runs every 15 minutes. Each run reads the latest WMS time slice and publishes points from the matching Datamart GeoTIFF. If no lightning is detected for the slice, the notebook publishes a single placeholder point at longitude 1 and latitude 1 with status = "No data". Source: ECCC GeoMet WMS (for latest time and metadata) and MSC Datamart GeoTIFF (for numeric values). Metadata links: https://csw.open.canada.ca/geonetwork/srv/csw?service=CSW&version=2.0.2&request=GetRecordById&outputschema=csw:IsoRecord&elementsetname=full&id=75dfb8cb-9efc-4c15-bcb5-7562f89517cehttps://csw.open.canada.ca/geonetwork/srv/csw?service=CSW&version=2.0.2&request=GetRecordById&outputschema=csw:IsoRecord&elementsetname=full&id=75dfb8cb-9efc-4c15-bcb5-7562f89517ce

This item provides the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) access the TEMPO Total Column Ozone service. The source service should be used when access to the actual data is required. The WMS service allows for quick access to the map imagery for consuming and serving dynamic maps.  Ozone Overview and Intended Use Ozone (O₃) is a gas composed of three oxygen atoms and is naturally present in our atmosphere. It has a profound influence on life on Earth and the atmosphere. It exists in different layers of the atmosphere, with the largest abundance in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer. This layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, preventing it from reaching the surface and reducing the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and other health issues, while also protecting ecosystems. However, ozone near the ground is a major pollutant that can cause respiratory problems and environmental damage. In addition, ozone plays a critical role in the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere and acts as an important greenhouse gas in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Therefore, we monitor total column ozone and its vertical distribution using various instruments such as satellites and ground-based observations.   These observations usually provide the ozone columns as Dobson Units (DU), which is a unit of measurement of the amount of a trace gas in a vertical column through the Earth’s atmosphere. Per the definition of Dobson units, 1 Dobson Unit corresponds to a 0.01 mm thick ozone layer at standard atmospheric conditions (0°C (or 273.15 K), 1 atm (or 1013.25 hPa)). Understanding and tracking ozone levels is crucial for assessing environmental changes, monitoring ozone depletion, and ensuring the continued protection of life on Earth.   Layer Overview The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) Gridded Total Column Ozone layer provides information on the amount of ozone in the atmosphere as a total column, expressed in Dobson Units (DU). In other words, it represents the total amount of ozone molecules present in the atmosphere from the Earth’s surface to the top of the atmosphere. Ozone Level 3 files provide trace gas information on a regular grid consisting of 0.02° x 0.02° grid points across the field of regard. Level 3 files are derived by combining information from all Level 2 files constituting a TEMPO East-West scan cycle, using an area-weighted re-gridding approach. The data have been converted from their native file format (netCDF4) to Cloud Raster Format (CRF).   Temporal Coverage The temporal resolution of a nominal scan is approximately one hour during daylight hours, with more frequent scans in the morning over the eastern portion of the field of regard and in the evenings over the western portion of the field of regard. Each image is presented with the starting timestamp of the corresponding TEMPO scan. Due to the nature of the TEMPO instrument’s east to west scanning pattern, each image is a composite of measurements taken over a period of 40-60 minutes, depending on the spatial coverage of the scan. Data are available from September 17, 2025 to present and updated daily with the previous day’s data.   The previous TEMPO data version (V03) was released publicly on May 24, 2024, and cover the time period from August 2, 2023 to September 16, 2025. All observations since the beginning of the mission are being reprocessed with V04 algorithms, with V04 products becoming publicly available in this service as they are reprocessed. The TEMPO V03 data are accessible via this service. Once the V03 data reprocessing is completed, the V03 service will be deprecated.     Geographic Coverage Imagery is available for the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. The imagery in this image service is regridded onto a 0.02º longitude x 0.02º latitude grid and presented in the geographic coordinate system WGS 1984. The sensor’s native spatial resolution is ~2 km x 4.75 km at the center of TEMPO’s field of regard (33.5°N, 89.2°W) in WGS 1984.   Data Filtering The layer is filtered to remove low-quality pixels based using the solar zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high solar zenith angles) and viewing zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high viewing zenith angles). The applied filters remove pixels based on the following: solar_zenith_angle > 80 or viewing_zenith_angle > 80. The filtering using the quality flag is pre-applied during the Level 3 data generation process to remove pixels based on quality_flag is not 0, 1, 2, or 5.   Data Validation and Limitations of Use These data should be considered as provisional products per the Provisional Product Maturity level defined in the TEMPO validation plan. These data are at provisional maturity, which means that product performance has been demonstrated through a large, but still (seasonally or otherwise) limited number of independent measurements. The analysis is sufficient for limited qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, and the product is potentially ready for testing by operational users and may be suitable for scientific publication. Users may consult the user guide for descriptions of the data and associated known issues.  TEMPO V04 algorithms address known issues in the V03, improving data quality. As a result, there are differences between the TEMPO V03 and V04 data. While qualitative analyses and general trends may remain similar between both versions, merging versions for quantitative analysis is discouraged. For details on the changes in the data, please see the User Guide on the TEMPO site.  Recommended Usage Notes When viewing the image service in the ESRI online map viewer, it is recommended to use the multidimensional slider rather than the default time slider. The multidimensional slider can be accessed via the “multidimensional” icon in the right-hand menu.  TEMPO Mission Overview  The TEMPO instrument is a grating spectrometer, sensitive to visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of light with a spectral range of 290-490 + 540-740 nm and 0.6 nm spectral resolution. The TEMPO instrument is attached to the Earth-facing side of a commercial telecommunications satellite (Intelsat 40e) in geostationary orbit over 91˚ W longitude (about 22,000 miles above Earth’s equator). This allows TEMPO to maintain a continuous view of North America so that the instrument's light-collecting mirror can make a complete east-to-west scan of the field of regard hourly during daylight hours. By measuring sunlight reflected and scattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere back to the instrument's detectors, TEMPO's UV and VIS light sensors provide measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other constituents involved in the chemical dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere.   The primary mission objective of TEMPO is to improve our understanding of air quality and its impacts. By providing near real-time data and comprehensive atmospheric composition measurements, TEMPO helps advance knowledge of the Earth system and improve air quality forecasting. These data also aid in quantifying how air quality affects vegetation, agriculture, and human health.   Contact For inquiries about this service, please contact larc-dl-asdc-tempo@mail.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the  Earthdata Forum.

Extreme precipitation: areas where the change in the average maximum 1-day precipitation is above 20%. Pixels with a value higher than the specified threshold (20%) were given a value of 1 (YES response) The long-term change in annual precipitation is calculated over a 20 year time period, from 2021 to 2040 (near term), with SSP1-2.6. **Data publication:** 2022-01-26 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas](mailto:ipcc-ddc@ifca.unican.es) Metadata Contact: [OCB Environment](mailto:OCB-Environment-List@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** More information on IPCC data license at: https://interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch/license **Online resources:**

smash_trmm_lis_climatology_full_vhrfc_lis_frd

Point features of smoke plumes observed by the MISR instrument, with attributes describing fire counts, plume height, length, area, wind direction, and surface albedo. Published by mstisdal.

smash_trmm_lis_climatology_diurnal_vhrdc_lis_frd

Abstract: The Yale Center for Earth Observation (YCEO) Surface Urban Heat Islands, Version 4, 2003-2018 includes annual, summertime, and wintertime Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) intensities for daytime and nighttime for over 10,000 global urban extents. This global SUHI data set was created using the Simplified Urban-Extent (SUE) algorithm and is available at the pixel and urban cluster-levels (i.e. at the level of larger urban agglomerations). Monthly composites are also available as urban cluster means. A summary of older versions, including changes from the data set created and analyzed in the originally published manuscript (Chakraborty and Lee, 2019) can be found on the YCEO Global Surface UHI Explorer website (https://yceo.yale.edu/research/global-surface-uhi-explorer). Purpose: To provide a simplified urban-extent algorithm to characterize surface urban heat islands on a global scale and examine vegetation control on their spatiotemporal variability. Citation: Yale Center for Earth Observation (YCEO) Surface Urban Heat Islands, Version 4, 2003-2018. Chakraborty, T., and X. Lee. (2023). NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7927/s5m5-zk14 Publication References: Documentation for the Yale Center for Earth Observation Surface Urban Heat Islands, Version 4, 2003-2018. Chakraborty, T., and X. Lee. (2023). NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7927/bb9y-9h12

Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) is a quasi-global rainfall dataset spanning 50S to 50N from 1981 to near present. It blends 0.05 degree satellite imagery with in-situ station data to create gridded rainfall time series for trend analysis and seasonal drought monitoring.

Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2025 and will be retired in December 2027. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. Marine life have certain thresholds for temperature that they can live in. For instance, deep-water corals have been recorded in temperatures of -1⁰C. Seafloor temperatures generally decrease with increasing depth.   Phenomenon Mapped: Seafloor temperatureUnits: Degrees CelsiusCell Size: 30 arc seconds, approximately 1 kmSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Signed integerSpatial Reference: GCS_WGS_1984Mosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Global oceansSource: Marine Conservation Institute (MCI)Citation: Boyer TP, Levitus S, Garcia HE, Locamini RA, Stephens C, et al. (2005) Objective analyses of annual, seasonal, and monthly temperature and salinity for the World Ocean on a 0.25° grid. International Journal of Climatology 25: 931–945.Publication Date: 2005ArcGIS Server URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/sharing/servers/ab0926890e444fd0a2ecd4f40fb318f7/  The Marine Conservation Institute used this dataset as an input to a predictive habitat model documented in the publication Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals. What can you do with this layer? Visualization: This layer can be used for visualization online in web maps and in ArcGIS Desktop.  Analysis: This layer can be used as an input to geoprocessing tools and model builder.  Raster Functions: Unit Conversion – Celsius to Fahrenheit, Unit Conversion – Celsius to Kelvin, and Cartographic Renderer - see this blog for more information.

This item provides the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) access the TEMPO 0-2 km Column Ozone service. The source service should be used when access to the actual data is required. The WMS service allows for quick access to the map imagery for consuming and serving dynamic maps.  Ozone Overview and Intended UseOzone (O₃) is a gas composed of three oxygen atoms and is naturally present in our atmosphere. It has a profound influence on life on Earth and the atmosphere. It exists in different layers of the atmosphere, with the largest abundance in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer. This layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, preventing it from reaching the surface and reducing the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and other health issues, while also protecting ecosystems. However, ozone near the ground is a major pollutant that can cause respiratory problems and environmental damage. In addition, ozone plays a critical role in the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere and acts as an important greenhouse gas in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Therefore, total column ozone and its vertical distribution are monitored using various instruments such as satellites and ground-based observations. These observations usually provide the ozone columns as Dobson Units (DU), which is a unit of measurement of the amount of a trace gas in a vertical column through the Earth’s atmosphere. Per the definition of Dobson units, 1 Dobson Unit corresponds to a 0.01 mm thick ozone layer at standard atmospheric conditions (0°C (or 273.15 K), 1 atm (or 1013.25 hPa)). Understanding and tracking ozone levels is crucial for assessing environmental changes, monitoring ozone depletion, and ensuring the continued protection of life on Earth. Layer Overview The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) 0-2 km column ozone layer provides information on the amount of ozone in the atmosphere as a total column, expressed in Dobson Units (DU). In other words, it represents the total amount of ozone molecules present in the atmosphere from the Earth’s surface to 2 kilometers (km) above the Earth’s surface. Ozone Level 3 files provide trace gas information on a regular grid consisting of 0.04° x 0.04° grid points across the field of regard. Level 3 files are derived by combining information from all Level 2 files constituting a TEMPO East-West scan cycle, using an area-weighted regridding approach. The data have been converted from their native file format (netCDF4) to Cloud Raster Format (CRF).  Temporal Coverage The temporal resolution of a nominal scan is approximately one hour during daylight hours, with more frequent scans in the morning over the eastern portion of the field of regard and in the evenings over the western portion of the field of regard. Each image is presented with the starting timestamp of the corresponding TEMPO scan. Due to the nature of the TEMPO instrument’s east to west scanning pattern, each image is a composite of measurements taken over a period of 40-60 minutes, depending on the spatial coverage of the scan. Data are available from September 17, 2025 to present and updated daily with the previous day’s data. The previous TEMPO data version (V03) cover the time period from August 2, 2023 to September 16, 2025. All observations since the beginning of the mission are being reprocessed with V04 algorithms. These data will be added to this service once they are reprocessed.  Geographic Coverage Imagery is available for the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. The imagery in this image service is regridded onto a 0.04º longitude x 0.04º latitude grid and presented in the geographic coordinate system WGS 1984. The sensor’s native spatial resolution is ~2 km x 4.75 km at the center of TEMPO’s field of regard (33.5°N, 89.2°W) in WGS 1984. Data Filtering The layer is filtered to remove low-quality pixels based using the solar zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high solar zenith angles), viewing zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high viewing zenith angles), and effective cloud fraction (removing where clouds obscure the tropospheric column) variables. The applied filters remove pixels based on the following: solar_zenith_angle > 80 or viewing_zenith_angle > 80 or eff_cloud_fraction > 0.5.  Data Validation and Limitations of Use These data should be considered as beta products per the Provisional Product Maturity level defined in the TEMPO validation plan. The products are not optimized for operational use and anomalies may exist. Users should refrain from making conclusive public statements regarding science and applications of the TEMPO data products until the products are designated to be at the provisional validation status according to the validation plan. Users may consult the user guide for descriptions of the data and associated known issues.  Recommended Usage Notes When viewing the image service in the Esri online map viewer, it is recommended to use the multidimensional slider rather than the default time slider. The multidimensional slider can be accessed via the “multidimensional” icon in the right-hand menu.  TEMPO Mission Overview  The TEMPO instrument is a grating spectrometer, sensitive to visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of light with a spectral range of 290-490 + 540-740 nm and 0.6 nm spectral resolution. The TEMPO instrument is attached to the Earth-facing side of a commercial telecommunications satellite (Intelsat 40e) in geostationary orbit over 91˚ W longitude (about 22,000 miles above Earth’s equator). This allows TEMPO to maintain a continuous view of North America so that the instrument's light-collecting mirror can make a complete east-to-west scan of the field of regard hourly during daylight hours. By measuring sunlight reflected and scattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere back to the instrument's detectors, TEMPO's UV and VIS light sensors provide measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other constituents involved in the chemical dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere. The primary mission objective of TEMPO is to improve our understanding of air quality and its impacts. By providing near real-time data and comprehensive atmospheric composition measurements, TEMPO helps advance knowledge of the Earth system and improve air quality forecasting. These data also aid in quantifying how air quality affects vegetation, agriculture, and human health. Contact For inquiries about this service, please contact larc-dl-asdc-tempo@mail.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the  Earthdata Forum.

The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project is the most complete global collection of tropical cyclones available. It merges recent and historical tropical cyclone data from multiple agencies to create a unified, publicly available, best-track dataset that improves inter-agency comparisons. Fields available: SID: A unique storm identifier (SID) assigned by IBTrACS algorithm. ISO_TIME: Time of the observation in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss) BASIN: Basin of the current storm position SUBBASIN: Sub-basin of the current storm position NATURE: Type of storm (a combination of the various types from the available sources) NUMBER: Number of the storm for the year (restarts at 1 for each year LAT: Mean position - latitude (a combination of the available positions) LON: Mean position - longitude (a combination of the available positions) WMO_WIND: Maximum sustained wind speed assigned by the responsible WMO agency WMO_PRES: Minimum central pressure assigned by the responsible WMO agency.

This item provides the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) access the TEMPO formaledhyde vertical column service. The source service should be used when access to the actual data is required. The WMS service allows for quick access to the map imagery for consuming and serving dynamic maps.  Formaldehyde Overview and Intended Use Multiple sources contribute to ambient formaldehyde including but not limited to wildfire emissions, industrial activities, and secondary production resulting from the oxidation of other compounds emitted by industries and vegetations. Formaldehyde is a carcinogenic, hazardous air pollutant. While ambient formaldehyde concentrations are usually below U.S. federal recommendations, ambient exposure can cause health issues in people. In addition to measuring formaldehyde for its impacts on human health, satellite formaldehyde observations are also extremely valuable in understanding atmospheric chemistry and production of ground-level ozone.   Layer Overview The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) Formaldehyde Vertical Column layer provides information on the amount of formaldehyde in the atmosphere as a vertical column density, calculated in molecules per square centimeter (molecules/cm^2). In other words, the total number of formaldehyde molecules present in the atmosphere from the Earth’s surface to the top of the atmosphere over an area of one square centimeter. Typical values range from 0 to 6e16 molecules/cm^2, though certain events like wildfires may cause these limits to be exceeded. Formaldehyde Level 3 files provide trace gas information on a regular grid consisting of 0.02° x 0.02° grid points across the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. Level 3 files are derived by combining information from all Level 2 files constituting a TEMPO East-West scan cycle, using an area-weighted re-gridding approach. The data have been converted from their native file format (netCDF4) to Cloud Raster Format (CRF). TEMPO V04 algorithms address known issues in the V03, improving data quality. As a result, there are differences between the TEMPO V03 and V04 data. While qualitative analyses and general trends may remain similar between both versions, merging versions for quantitative analysis is discouraged. For details on the changes in the data, please see the User Guide on the TEMPO site.  Temporal CoverageThe temporal resolution of a nominal scan is approximately one hour during daylight hours, with more frequent scans in the morning over the eastern portion of the field of regard and in the evenings over the western portion of the field of regard. Each image is presented with the starting timestamp of the corresponding TEMPO scan. Due to the nature of the TEMPO instrument’s east to west scanning pattern, each image is a composite of measurements taken over a period of 40-60 minutes, depending on the spatial coverage of the scan.  This service was created using TEMPO data version (V03), which was released publicly on May 24, 2024, and cover the time period from August 2, 2023 to September 16, 2025. TEMPO Version 04 (V04) Level 1, 2, and 3 standard data products began production on September 17, 2025. All observations since the beginning of the mission are being reprocessed with V04 algorithms, with V04 products becoming publicly available as they are reprocessed. The TEMPO V04 data are accessible via this service. Once the V03 data reprocessing is completed, this V03 service will be deprecated.  Geographic CoverageImagery is available for the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. The imagery in this image service is regridded onto a 0.02º longitude x 0.02º latitude grid and presented in the geographic coordinate system WGS 1984. The sensor’s native spatial resolution is ~2 km x 4.75 km at the center of TEMPO’s field of regard (33.5°N, 89.2°W) in WGS 1984. Data FilteringThe layer is filtered to remove low-quality pixels using the main data quality flag (removing low confidence measurements), solar zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high solar zenith angles), and effective cloud fraction (removing where clouds obscure the column) variables. The filters applied are set to remove pixels based on the following: main_data_quality_flag > 1, eff_cloud_fraction > 0.5, and solar_zenith_angle > 80.  Data Validation and Limitations of UseThese data should be considered as provisional products per the Provisional Product Maturity level defined in the TEMPO validation plan. These data are at provisional maturity, which means that product performance has been demonstrated through a large, but still (seasonally or otherwise) limited number of independent measurements. The analysis is sufficient for limited qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, and the product is potentially ready for testing by operational users and may be suitable for scientific publication. Users may consult the TEMPO User Guide for descriptions of the data and associated known issues.  The information shown here is total column density (molecules per unit area for the whole vertical column of the atmosphere), not a concentration. Atmospheric concentration refers to the amount of trace gas (e.g., formaldehyde) in a specific point (in this case altitude). Conversion from total column density to atmospheric concentration requires additional information, such as the state of the atmosphere and the vertical distribution of the column, which are not provided in this layer. The use of this layer to derive atmospheric concentrations of formaldehyde is discouraged for the non-specialist. Recommended Usage NotesWhen viewing the image service in the Esri online map viewer, it is recommended to use the multidimensional slider rather than the default time slider. The multidimensional slider can be accessed via the “multidimensional” icon in the right-hand menu.  TEMPO Mission Overview The TEMPO instrument is a grating spectrometer, sensitive to visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of light with a spectral range of 290-490 + 540-740 nm and 0.6 nm spectral resolution. The TEMPO instrument is attached to the Earth-facing side of a commercial telecommunications satellite (Intelsat 40e) in geostationary orbit over 91˚ W longitude (about 22,000 miles above Earth’s equator). This allows TEMPO to maintain a continuous view of North America so that the instrument's light-collecting mirror can make a complete east-to-west scan of the field of regard hourly during daylight hours. By measuring sunlight reflected and scattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere back to the instrument's detectors, TEMPO's ultraviolet and visible light sensors provide measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other constituents involved in the chemical dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere. The primary mission objective of TEMPO is to improve our understanding of air quality and its impacts. By providing near real-time data and comprehensive atmospheric composition measurements, TEMPO helps advance knowledge of the Earth system and improve air quality forecasting. These data also aid in quantifying how air quality affects vegetation, agriculture, and human health. ContactFor inquiries about this service, please contact larc-dl-asdc-tempo@mail.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the  Earthdata Forum.

This item provides the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) access the TEMPO Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Tropospheric Vertical Column service. The source service should be used when access to the actual data is required. The WMS service allows for quick access to the map imagery for consuming and serving dynamic maps.  Layer Overview The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Troposphere layer provides information on the amount of nitrogen dioxide in the troposphere. This is provided as the total number of nitrogen dioxide molecules in the tropospheric column of air above one square centimeter on the Earth’s surface (units: molecules/cm^2). Nitrogen dioxide Level 3 files provide trace gas information on a regular grid. Level 3 files are derived by combining information from all Level 2 files constituting a TEMPO East-West scan cycle, using an area-weighted re-gridding approach. The data have been converted from their native file format (netCDF4) to Cloud Raster Format (CRF). TEMPO V04 algorithms address known issues in the V03, improving data quality. As a result, there are differences between the TEMPO V03 and V04 data. While qualitative analyses and general trends may remain similar between both versions, merging versions for quantitative analysis is discouraged. For details on the changes in the data, please see the User Guide on the TEMPO site.    Note: The information shown here is tropospheric column density (molecules per unit area in the lower atmosphere), not a concentration. Atmospheric concentration refers to the fractional amount of trace gas (e.g., nitrogen dioxide) relative to total air at a specific point, and changes with altitude. Conversion from column density to atmospheric concentration requires additional information, such as the state of the atmosphere and the vertical distribution of the column, which are not provided in this layer. The use of this layer to derive atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen dioxide is discouraged for the non-specialist. Temporal Coverage The temporal resolution of a nominal scan is approximately one hour during daylight hours, with more frequent scans in the morning over the eastern portion of the field of regard and in the evenings over the western portion of the field of regard. Each image is presented with the starting timestamp of the corresponding TEMPO scan. Due to the nature of the TEMPO instrument’s east to west scanning pattern, each image is a composite of measurements taken over a period of 40-60 minutes, depending on the spatial coverage of the scan.    This service was created using TEMPO data version (V03), which was released publicly on May 24, 2024, and cover the time period from August 2, 2023 to September 16, 2025. TEMPO Version 04 (V04) Level 1, 2, and 3 standard data products began production on September 17, 2025. All observations since the beginning of the mission are being reprocessed with V04 algorithms, with V04 products becoming publicly available as they are reprocessed. The TEMPO V04 data are accessible via this service. Once the V03 data reprocessing is completed, this V03 service will be deprecated.   Geographic Coverage Imagery is available for the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. The imagery in this image service is regridded onto a 0.02º longitude x 0.02º latitude grid and presented in the geographic coordinate system WGS 1984. The sensor’s native spatial resolution is ~2 km x 4.75 km at the center of TEMPO’s field of regard (33.5°N, 89.2°W) in WGS 1984. Data Filtering The layer is filtered to remove low-quality pixels using the main data quality flag (removing low confidence measurements), solar zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high solar zenith angles), and effective cloud fraction (removing where clouds obscure the tropospheric column) variables. The filters applied are set to remove pixels based on the following: main_data_quality_flag > 1, eff_cloud_fraction > 0.5, and solar_zenith_angle > 80.  Data Validation These data should be considered as provisional products per the Provisional Product Maturity level defined in the TEMPO validation plan.  These data are at provisional maturity, which means that product performance has been demonstrated through a large, but still (seasonally or otherwise) limited number of independent measurements. The analysis is sufficient for limited qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, and the product is potentially ready for testing by operational users and may be suitable for scientific publication.  Users may consult the TEMPO User Guide for descriptions of the data and associated known issues.  Recommended Usage Notes When viewing the image service in the Esri online map viewer, it is recommended to use the multidimensional slider rather than the default time slider. The multidimensional slider can be accessed via the “multidimensional” icon in the right-hand menu.  TEMPO Mission Overview The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument is a grating spectrometer, sensitive to visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of light with a spectral range of 290-490 + 540-740 nm and 0.6 nm spectral resolution. The TEMPO instrument is attached to the Earth-facing side of a commercial telecommunications satellite (Intelsat 40e) in geostationary orbit over 91˚ W longitude (about 22,000 miles above Earth’s equator). This allows TEMPO to maintain a continuous view of North America so that the instrument's light-collecting mirror can make a complete east-to-west scan of the field of regard hourly during daylight hours. By measuring sunlight reflected and scattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere back to the instrument's detectors, TEMPO's ultraviolet and visible light sensors provide measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other constituents involved in the chemical dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere. The primary mission objective of TEMPO is to improve our understanding of air quality and its impacts. By providing near real-time data and comprehensive atmospheric composition measurements, TEMPO helps advance knowledge of the Earth system and improve air quality forecasting. These data also aid in quantifying how air quality affects vegetation, agriculture, and human health. Contact For inquiries about this service, please contact larc-dl-asdc-tempo@mail.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the Earthdata Forum.

This item provides the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) access the TEMPO Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Tropospheric Vertical Column service. The source service should be used when access to the actual data is required. The WMS service allows for quick access to the map imagery for consuming and serving dynamic maps.  Layer Overview and Intended Use The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Troposphere layer provides information on the amount of nitrogen dioxide in the troposphere. This is provided as the total number of nitrogen dioxide molecules in the tropospheric column of air above one square centimeter on the Earth’s surface (units: molecules/cm^2). Nitrogen dioxide Level 3 files provide trace gas information on a regular grid. Level 3 files are derived by combining information from all Level 2 files constituting a TEMPO East-West scan cycle, using an area-weighted re-gridding approach. The data have been converted from their native file format (netCDF4) to Cloud Raster Format (CRF). Temporal Coverage The temporal resolution of a nominal scan is approximately one hour during daylight hours, with more frequent scans in the morning over the eastern portion of the field of regard and in the evenings over the western portion of the field of regard. Each image is presented with the starting timestamp of the corresponding TEMPO scan. Due to the nature of the TEMPO instrument’s east to west scanning pattern, each image is a composite of measurements taken over a period of 40-60 minutes, depending on the spatial coverage of the scan. Data are updated daily with the previous day's data. Data are available from September 17, 2025 to present and updated daily with the previous day’s data. The previous TEMPO data version (V03) was released publicly on May 24, 2024, and cover the time period from August 2, 2023 to September 16, 2025. All observations since the beginning of the mission are being reprocessed with V04 algorithms, with V04 products becoming publicly available in this service as they are reprocessed. The TEMPO V03 data are accessible via this service. Once the V03 data reprocessing is completed, the V03 service will be deprecated.   Geographic Coverage Imagery is available for the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. The imagery in this image service is regridded onto a 0.02º longitude x 0.02º latitude grid and presented in the geographic coordinate system WGS 1984. The sensor’s native spatial resolution is ~2 km x 4.75 km at the center of TEMPO’s field of regard (33.5°N, 89.2°W) in WGS 1984. Data Filtering The layer is filtered to remove low-quality pixels using the main data quality flag (removing low confidence measurements), solar zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high solar zenith angles), and effective cloud fraction (removing where clouds obscure the tropospheric column) variables. The filters applied are set to remove pixels based on the following: main_data_quality_flag > 1, eff_cloud_fraction > 0.5, or solar_zenith_angle > 80.  Data Validation and Limitations of Use These data should be considered as provisional products per the Provisional Product Maturity level defined in the TEMPO validation plan.  These data are at provisional maturity, which means that product performance has been demonstrated through a large, but still (seasonally or otherwise) limited number of independent measurements. The analysis is sufficient for limited qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, and the product is potentially ready for testing by operational users and may be suitable for scientific publication.  Users may consult the TEMPO User Guide for descriptions of the data and associated known issues.  TEMPO V04 algorithms address known issues in the V03, improving data quality. As a result, there are differences between the TEMPO V03 and V04 data. While qualitative analyses and general trends may remain similar between both versions, merging versions for quantitative analysis is discouraged. For details on the changes in the data, please see the User Guide on the TEMPO site.  Note: The information shown here is tropospheric column density (molecules per unit area in the lower atmosphere), not a concentration. Atmospheric concentration refers to the fractional amount of trace gas (e.g., nitrogen dioxide) relative to total air at a specific point, and changes with altitude. Conversion from column density to atmospheric concentration requires additional information, such as the state of the atmosphere and the vertical distribution of the column, which are not provided in this layer. The use of this layer to derive atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen dioxide is discouraged for the non-specialist. Recommended Usage Notes When viewing the image service in the Esri online map viewer, it is recommended to use the multidimensional slider rather than the default time slider. The multidimensional slider can be accessed via the “multidimensional” icon in the right-hand menu.  TEMPO Mission Overview The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument is a grating spectrometer, sensitive to visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of light with a spectral range of 290-490 + 540-740 nm and 0.6 nm spectral resolution. The TEMPO instrument is attached to the Earth-facing side of a commercial telecommunications satellite (Intelsat 40e) in geostationary orbit over 91˚ W longitude (about 22,000 miles above Earth’s equator). This allows TEMPO to maintain a continuous view of North America so that the instrument's light-collecting mirror can make a complete east-to-west scan of the field of regard hourly during daylight hours. By measuring sunlight reflected and scattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere back to the instrument's detectors, TEMPO's ultraviolet and visible light sensors provide measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other constituents involved in the chemical dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere. The primary mission objective of TEMPO is to improve our understanding of air quality and its impacts. By providing near real-time data and comprehensive atmospheric composition measurements, TEMPO helps advance knowledge of the Earth system and improve air quality forecasting. These data also aid in quantifying how air quality affects vegetation, agriculture, and human health. Contact For inquiries about this service, please contact larc-dl-asdc-tempo@mail.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the Earthdata Forum.

This item provides the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) access the TEMPO Cloud Fraction Near Real-Time (NRT) service. The source service should be used when access to the actual data is required. The WMS service allows for quick access to the map imagery for consuming and serving dynamic maps.  Layer Overview and Intended UseThe Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) Cloud Fraction Near Real-Time (NRT) layer provides information on the effective cloud fraction at 466 nm derived from the O2-O2 cloud retrieval algorithm used in TEMPO data processing. The effective cloud fraction is provided on a scale of zero (0) to one (1), with higher values indicating cloudier pixels and is a unitless quantity. The TEMPO cloud product is used to derive vertical columns of TEMPO trace gases (e.g., nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde). Thus, this cloud fraction layer can be used to identify cloud coverage as observed by the TEMPO instrument, as well as used in conjunction with the TEMPO nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde NRT image services to provide context and additional information for those data.  The TEMPO NRT cloud fraction files are produced using a fast version of the TEMPO baseline retrieval processor. TEMPO NRT cloud fraction Level 3 files provide cloud fraction information on a regular grid. Level 3 files are derived by combining information from all Level 2 files constituting a TEMPO East-West scan cycle, using an area-weighted re-gridding approach. The NRT processing optimizes radiance calibration, image navigation and registration, and cloud and trace gas retrievals for rapid processing, while ensuring that product quality is sufficient for most NRT applications. The data have been converted from their native file format (netCDF4) to Cloud Raster Format (CRF). Temporal CoverageThe temporal resolution of a nominal scan is approximately one hour during daylight hours, with more frequent scans in the morning over the eastern portion of the field of regard and in the evenings over the western portion of the field of regard. Each image is presented with the starting timestamp of the corresponding TEMPO scan. Due to the nature of the TEMPO instrument’s east to west scanning pattern, each image is a composite of measurements taken over a period of 40-60 minutes, depending on the spatial coverage of the scan. Data are updated hourly with any new scans that have been received. Data older than two days (48 hours) are removed from the service. On the rare occasion that the TEMPO instrument is not collecting data for an extended period of time, this service will retain only the latest scan until operations resume. The TEMPO operations log provides details of the instrument’s operations.  Geographic CoverageImagery is available for the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), and much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. The imagery in this image service is regridded onto a 0.02º longitude x 0.02º latitude grid and presented in the geographic coordinate system WGS 1984. The sensor’s native spatial resolution is ~2 km x 4.75 km at the center of TEMPO’s field of regard (33.5°N, 89.2°W) in WGS 1984.   Data FilteringThe layer is filtered to remove low-quality pixels using the solar zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high solar zenith angles) variable. The applied filter is set to remove pixels based on the following: or solar_zenith_angle > 80. Cloud fraction outside the range between 0.0 and 1.0 represent missing values. Data Validation and Limitations of UseThese data should be considered as provisional products per the Provisional Product Maturity level defined in the TEMPO validation plan. These data are at provisional maturity, which means that product performance has been demonstrated through a large, but still (seasonally or otherwise) limited number of independent measurements. The analysis is sufficient for limited qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, and the product is potentially ready for testing by operational users and may be suitable for scientific publication. Users may consult the TEMPO User Guide and the TEMPO NRT Data Products User Guide and ATBD Supplement for descriptions of the data and associated known issues.  Recommended Usage NotesWhen viewing the image service in the Esri online map viewer, it is recommended to use the multidimensional slider rather than the default time slider. The multidimensional slider can be accessed via the “multidimensional” icon in the right-hand menu.  TEMPO Mission OverviewThe Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument is a grating spectrometer, sensitive to visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of light with a spectral range of 290-490 + 540-740 nm and 0.6 nm spectral resolution. The TEMPO instrument is attached to the Earth-facing side of a commercial telecommunications satellite (Intelsat 40e) in geostationary orbit over 91˚ W longitude (about 22,000 miles above Earth’s equator). This allows TEMPO to maintain a continuous view of North America so that the instrument's light-collecting mirror can make a complete east-to-west scan of the field of regard hourly during daylight hours. By measuring sunlight reflected and scattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere back to the instrument's detectors, TEMPO's ultraviolet and visible light sensors provide measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other constituents involved in the chemical and physical processes of Earth’s atmosphere. The primary mission objective of TEMPO is to improve our understanding of air quality and its impacts. By providing near real-time data and comprehensive atmospheric composition measurements, TEMPO helps advance knowledge of the Earth system and improve air quality forecasting. These data also aid in quantifying how air quality affects vegetation, agriculture, and human health, among others. ContactFor inquiries about this service, please contact larc-dl-asdc-tempo@mail.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the Earthdata Forum.

This item provides the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) access the TEMPO Formaldehyde (HCHO) Vertical Column Near Real-Time (NRT) service. The source service should be used when access to the actual data is required. The WMS service allows for quick access to the map imagery for consuming and serving dynamic maps.  Formaldehyde Overview and Intended UseMultiple sources contribute to ambient formaldehyde including but not limited to wildfire emissions, industrial activities, and secondary production resulting from the oxidation of other compounds emitted by industries and vegetations. Formaldehyde is a carcinogenic, hazardous air pollutant. While ambient formaldehyde concentrations are usually below U.S. federal recommendations, ambient exposure can cause health issues in people. In addition to measuring formaldehyde for its impacts on human health, satellite formaldehyde observations are also extremely valuable in understanding atmospheric chemistry and production of ground-level ozone.  Layer OverviewThe Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) Formaldehyde Vertical Column Near Real-Time (NRT) layer provides information on the amount of formaldehyde in the atmosphere as a vertical column density, calculated in molecules per square centimeter (molecules/cm^2). In other words, the total number of formaldehyde molecules present in the atmosphere from the Earth’s surface to the top of the atmosphere over an area of one square centimeter. Typical values range from 0 to 6e16 molecules/cm^2, though certain events like wildfires may cause these limits to be exceeded. The TEMPO NRT formaldehyde files are produced using a fast version of the TEMPO baseline retrieval processor. TEMPO NRT formaldehyde Level 3 files provide trace gas information on a regular grid. Level 3 files are derived by combining information from all Level 2 files constituting a TEMPO East-West scan cycle, using an area-weighted re-gridding approach. The NRT processing optimizes radiance calibration, image navigation and registration, and cloud and trace gas retrievals for rapid processing, while ensuring that product quality is sufficient for most NRT applications. The data have been converted from their native file format (netCDF4) to Cloud Raster Format (CRF). Temporal CoverageThe temporal resolution of a nominal scan is approximately one hour during daylight hours, with more frequent scans in the morning over the eastern portion of the field of regard and in the evenings over the western portion of the field of regard. Each image is presented with the starting timestamp of the corresponding TEMPO scan. Due to the nature of the TEMPO instrument’s east to west scanning pattern, each image is a composite of measurements taken over a period of 40-60 minutes, depending on the spatial coverage of the scan. Data are updated hourly with any new scans that have been received. Data older than two days (48 hours) are removed from the service. On the rare occasion that the TEMPO instrument is not collecting data for an extended period of time, this service will retain only the latest scan until operations resume. The TEMPO operations log may be found on the TEMPO site.  Geographic CoverageImagery is available for the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), and much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. The imagery in this image service is regridded onto a 0.02º longitude x 0.02º latitude grid and presented in the geographic coordinate system WGS 1984. The sensor’s native spatial resolution is ~2 km x 4.75 km at the center of TEMPO’s field of regard (33.5°N, 89.2°W) in WGS 1984. Data FilteringThe layer is filtered to remove low-quality pixels using the main data quality flag (removing low confidence measurements), solar zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high solar zenith angles), and effective cloud fraction (removing data where clouds obscure the tropospheric column) variables. The filters applied are set to remove pixels based on the following: main_data_quality_flag > 1, eff_cloud_fraction > 0.5, or solar_zenith_angle > 80.  Data Validation and Limitations of UseThese data should be considered as provisional products per the Provisional Product Maturity level defined in the TEMPO validation plan.  These data are at provisional maturity, which means that product performance has been demonstrated through a large, but still (seasonally or otherwise) limited number of independent measurements. The analysis is sufficient for limited qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, and the product is potentially ready for testing by operational users and may be suitable for scientific publication.  Users may consult the TEMPO User Guide for descriptions of the data and associated known issues.  The information shown here is total column density (molecules per unit area for the whole vertical column of the atmosphere), not a concentration. Atmospheric concentration refers to the fractional amount of trace gas (e.g., formaldehyde) relative to total air at a specific point, and changes with altitude. Conversion from total column density to atmospheric concentration requires additional information, such as the state of the atmosphere and the vertical distribution of the column, which are not provided in this layer. The use of this layer to derive atmospheric concentrations of formaldehyde is discouraged for the non-specialist. Recommended Usage NotesWhen viewing the image service in the Esri online map viewer, it is recommended to use the multidimensional slider rather than the default time slider. The multidimensional slider can be accessed via the “multidimensional” icon in the right-hand menu.  While qualitative analyses and general trends may remain similar between the TEMPO standard and NRT versions, merging versions for quantitative analysis is discouraged. Standard and NRT formaldehyde retrievals differ due to differences in the differential formaldehyde slant column densities derived through spectral fitting due to (1) the use of a different radiance reference and (2) the omission of the radiance wavelength calibration in the L1 NRT processing. For details on the changes in the data, please see the TEMPO User Guide and the TEMPO NRT Data Products User Guide and ATBD Supplement on the TEMPO site.  The TEMPO NRT ArcGIS service provides access to TEMPO formaldehyde NRT data earlier than the TEMPO standard formaldehyde data are available in the standard formaldehyde ArcGIS service. The TEMPO NRT products are useful for applications with low-latency requirements; however, it is recommended to switch to the TEMPO Formaldehyde Standard Version 04 (V04) service, once the data becomes available in that service. TEMPO V04 data are available from September 17, 2025 to present and the service is updated daily with the previous day’s data. TEMPO Mission OverviewThe Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument is a grating spectrometer, sensitive to visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of light with a spectral range of 290-490 + 540-740 nm and 0.6 nm spectral resolution. The TEMPO instrument is attached to the Earth-facing side of a commercial telecommunications satellite (Intelsat 40e) in geostationary orbit over 91˚ W longitude (about 22,000 miles above Earth’s equator). This allows TEMPO to maintain a continuous view of North America so that the instrument's light-collecting mirror can make a complete east-to-west scan of the field of regard hourly during daylight hours. By measuring sunlight reflected and scattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere back to the instrument's detectors, TEMPO's ultraviolet and visible light sensors provide measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other constituents involved in the chemical dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere. The primary mission objective of TEMPO is to improve our understanding of air quality and its impacts. By providing near real-time data and comprehensive atmospheric composition measurements, TEMPO helps advance knowledge of the Earth system and improve air quality forecasting. These data also aid in quantifying how air quality affects vegetation, agriculture, and human health. ContactFor inquiries about this service, please contact larc-dl-asdc-tempo@mail.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the Earthdata Forum.

This item provides the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) access the TEMPO Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Tropospheric Vertical Column Near Real-Time (NRT) service. The source service should be used when access to the actual data is required. The WMS service allows for quick access to the map imagery for consuming and serving dynamic maps.  Layer Overview and Intended UseThe Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Troposphere Near Real-Time (NRT) layer provides information on the amount of nitrogen dioxide in the troposphere. This is provided as the total number of nitrogen dioxide molecules in the tropospheric column of air above one square centimeter on the Earth’s surface (units: molecules/cm^2). The TEMPO NRT nitrogen dioxide files are produced using a fast version of the TEMPO baseline retrieval processor. TEMPO NRT nitrogen dioxide Level 3 files provide trace gas information on a regular grid. Level 3 files are derived by combining information from all Level 2 files constituting a TEMPO East-West scan cycle, using an area-weighted re-gridding approach. The NRT processing optimizes radiance calibration, image navigation and registration, and cloud and trace gas retrievals for rapid processing, while ensuring that product quality is sufficient for most NRT applications. The data have been converted from their native file format (netCDF4) to Cloud Raster Format (CRF). Temporal CoverageThe temporal resolution of a nominal scan is approximately one hour during daylight hours, with more frequent scans in the morning over the eastern portion of the field of regard and in the evenings over the western portion of the field of regard. Each image is presented with the starting timestamp of the corresponding TEMPO scan. Due to the nature of the TEMPO instrument’s east to west scanning pattern, each image is a composite of measurements taken over a period of 40-60 minutes, depending on the spatial coverage of the scan. Data are updated hourly with any new scans that have been received. Data older than two days (48 hours) are removed from the service. On the rare occasion that the TEMPO instrument is not collecting data for an extended period of time, this service will retain only the latest scan until operations resume. The TEMPO operations log may be found on the TEMPO site.  Geographic CoverageImagery is available for the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), and much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. The imagery in this image service is regridded onto a 0.02º longitude x 0.02º latitude grid and presented in the geographic coordinate system WGS 1984. The sensor’s native spatial resolution is ~2 km x 4.75 km at the center of TEMPO’s field of regard (33.5°N, 89.2°W) in WGS 1984.   Data FilteringThe layer is filtered to remove low-quality pixels using the main data quality flag (removing low confidence measurements), solar zenith angle (removing data retrieved at high solar zenith angles), and effective cloud fraction (removing data where clouds obscure the tropospheric column) variables. The filters applied are set to remove pixels based on the following: main_data_quality_flag > 1, eff_cloud_fraction > 0.5, or solar_zenith_angle > 80.  Data Validation and Limitatations of UseThese data should be considered as provisional products per the Provisional Product Maturity level defined in the TEMPO validation plan. These data are at provisional maturity, which means that product performance has been demonstrated through a large, but still (seasonally or otherwise) limited number of independent measurements. The analysis is sufficient for limited qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, and the product is potentially ready for testing by operational users and may be suitable for scientific publication. Users may consult the TEMPO User Guide for descriptions of the data and associated known issues.  The information shown here is tropospheric column density (molecules per unit area in the lower atmosphere), not a concentration. Atmospheric concentration refers to the fractional amount of trace gas (e.g., nitrogen dioxide) relative to total air at a specific point, and changes with altitude. Conversion from column density to atmospheric concentration requires additional information, such as the state of the atmosphere and the vertical distribution of the column, which are not provided in this layer. The use of this layer to derive atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen dioxide is discouraged for the non-specialist. Recommended Usage NotesWhen viewing the image service in the Esri online map viewer, it is recommended to use the multidimensional slider rather than the default time slider. The multidimensional slider can be accessed via the “multidimensional” icon in the right-hand menu.  While qualitative analyses and general trends may remain similar between the TEMPO standard and NRT versions, merging versions for quantitative analysis is discouraged. For details on the changes in the data, please see the TEMPO User Guide and the TEMPO NRT Data Products User Guide and ATBD Supplement on the TEMPO site.  The TEMPO NRT ArcGIS service provides access to TEMPO NO2 NRT data earlier than the TEMPO standard NO2 data are available in the standard NO2 ArcGIS service. The TEMPO NRT products are useful for applications with low-latency requirements; however, it is recommended to switch to the TEMPO NO2 Standard Version 04 (V04) service, once the data becomes available in that service. TEMPO V04 data are available from September 17, 2025 to present and the service is updated daily with the previous day’s data. TEMPO Mission OverviewThe Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument is a grating spectrometer, sensitive to visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of light with a spectral range of 290-490 + 540-740 nm and 0.6 nm spectral resolution. The TEMPO instrument is attached to the Earth-facing side of a commercial telecommunications satellite (Intelsat 40e) in geostationary orbit over 89˚ W longitude (about 22,000 miles above Earth’s equator). This allows TEMPO to maintain a continuous view of North America so that the instrument's light-collecting mirror can make a complete east-to-west scan of the field of regard hourly during daylight hours. By measuring sunlight reflected and scattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere back to the instrument's detectors, TEMPO's ultraviolet and visible light sensors provide measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other constituents involved in the chemical dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere. The primary mission objective of TEMPO is to improve our understanding of air quality and its impacts. By providing near real-time data and comprehensive atmospheric composition measurements, TEMPO helps advance knowledge of the Earth system and improve air quality forecasting. These data also aid in quantifying how air quality affects vegetation, agriculture, and human health. ContactFor inquiries about this service, please contact larc-dl-asdc-tempo@mail.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the Earthdata Forum.

This item provides the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) access the TEMPO cloud fraction service. The source service should be used when access to the actual data is required.  The WMS service allows for quick access to the map imagery for consuming and serving dynamic maps.  Layer Overview  The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) Cloud Fraction layer provides information on the effective cloud fraction at 466 nm derived from the O2-O2 cloud retrieval algorithm used in TEMPO data processing. The effective cloud fraction is provided on a scale of zero (0) to one (1), with higher values indicating cloudier pixels and is a unitless quantity. The TEMPO cloud product is used to derive vertical columns of TEMPO trace gases (e.g., nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde). Thus, this cloud fraction layer can be used to identify cloud coverage as observed by the TEMPO instrument, as well as used in conjunction with the TEMPO nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde image services to provide context and additional information for those data. TEMPO cloud fraction Level 3 files provide cloud fraction information on a regular grid. Level 3 files are derived by combining information from all Level 2 files constituting a TEMPO East-West scan cycle, using an area-weighted re-gridding approach. The data have been converted from their native file format (netCDF4) to Cloud Raster Format (CRF). Temporal Coverage The temporal resolution of a nominal scan is approximately one hour during daylight hours, with more frequent scans in the morning over the eastern portion of the field of regard and in the evenings over the western portion of the field of regard. Each image is presented with the starting timestamp of the corresponding TEMPO scan. Due to the nature of the TEMPO instrument’s east to west scanning pattern, each image is a composite of measurements taken over a period of 40-60 minutes, depending on the spatial coverage of the scan. Data are available from September 17, 2025 to the present and updated daily with the previous day’s data. These data correspond to the Version 04 (V04) product operationally generated by the TEMPO science data processing center. All the observations since the beginning of the TEMPO mission (August 2023) are being reprocessed with to V04, and data will be added to this service upon their generation.   Geographic Coverage Imagery is available for the TEMPO field of regard covering the continental United States (CONUS), and much of Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean. The imagery in this image service is regridded onto a 0.02º longitude x 0.02º latitude grid and presented in the geographic coordinate system WGS 1984. The sensor’s native spatial resolution is about 2 km x 4.75 km at the center of TEMPO’s field of regard (33.5°N, 89.2°W) in WGS 1984. Data Filtering The layer is filtered to remove pixels at high solar zenith angles, which typically have low quality. The applied filter is set to remove pixels based on the following criterion: solar_zenith_angle > 80°. Cloud fractions outside the range between 0.0 and 1.0 represent missing values. Data Validation These data should be considered as provisional products per the Provisional Product Maturity level defined in the TEMPO validation plan. The provisional maturity level means that product performance has been demonstrated through a large, but still (seasonally or otherwise) limited number of independent measurements. The analysis is sufficient for limited qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, and the product is potentially ready for testing by operational users and may be suitable for scientific publication. Users may consult the TEMPO User Guide for descriptions of the data and associated known issues.  Recommended Usage Notes When viewing the image service in the Esri online map viewer, it is recommended to use the multidimensional slider rather than the default time slider. The multidimensional slider can be accessed via the “multidimensional” icon in the right-hand menu.  TEMPO Mission Overview The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument is a grating spectrometer, sensitive to the visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of light in the spectral range of 290-490 nm and 540-740 nm with about 0.6 nm spectral resolution. The TEMPO instrument is attached to the Earth-facing side of a commercial telecommunications satellite (Intelsat 40e) in a geostationary orbit over 91° W longitude (about 22,000 miles above Earth’s equator). This allows TEMPO to maintain a continuous view of North America so that the instrument's light-collecting mirror can make a complete east-to-west scan of the field of regard hourly during daylight hours. By measuring sunlight reflected and scattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere back to the instrument's detectors, TEMPO's ultraviolet and visible light sensors provide measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other constituents of Earth’s atmosphere. The primary mission objective of TEMPO is to improve our understanding of air quality and its impacts. By providing near real-time data and comprehensive atmospheric composition measurements, TEMPO helps advance knowledge of the Earth system and improve air quality forecasting. These data also aid in quantifying how air quality affects vegetation, agriculture, and human health, among others. Contact For inquiries about this service, please contact larc-dl-asdc-tempo@mail.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the Earthdata Forum.

**ADAM ID: **1001155\_5 Tropical storm during the period Mar 18 2025-Mar 20 2025 in Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The center of the storm was located near latitude -14.4 longitude 96.3. WFP’s Automated Disaster Analysis and Mapping (ADAM) system is an operational system for collecting, analysing and mapping geospatial and socio-economic information following sudden onset humanitarian emergencies.

**ADAM ID: **1001243\_19 Category 1 during the period Dec 18 2025-Dec 26 2025 in Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The center of the storm was located near latitude -11.9 longitude 91.4. WFP’s Automated Disaster Analysis and Mapping (ADAM) system is an operational system for collecting, analysing and mapping geospatial and socio-economic information following sudden onset humanitarian emergencies.

**ADAM ID: **1001228\_31 Tropical storm during the period Oct 18 2025-Oct 25 2025 in British Indian Ocean Territory. The center of the storm was located near latitude -8.19 longitude 50.19. WFP’s Automated Disaster Analysis and Mapping (ADAM) system is an operational system for collecting, analysing and mapping geospatial and socio-economic information following sudden onset humanitarian emergencies.

**ADAM ID: **1001311\_18 Tropical storm during the period Aug 26 2026-Aug 30 2026 in United States Minor Outlying Islands. The center of the storm was located near latitude 34.1 longitude 165.9. WFP’s Automated Disaster Analysis and Mapping (ADAM) system is an operational system for collecting, analysing and mapping geospatial and socio-economic information following sudden onset humanitarian emergencies.

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) is an Earth Ventures-Instrument (EVI-4) Mission on board the International Space Station (ISS). EMIT’s prime mission was designed to map surface mineralogy of arid dust source regions via imaging spectroscopy in the visible and short-wave infrared (VSWIR). EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take mineralogical measurements of sunlit regions of interest between 52° N latitude and 52° S latitude. During the prime mission, the EMIT team focused on using surface reflectance to resolve absorption features of iron oxides, clays, sulfates, carbonates, and other dust-forming minerals in Earth's dust source regions. In the extended mission, EMIT’s core measurements remain the same, but acquisitions expand to sample all regions observable from the ISS orbit, supporting efforts across the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and more. An interactive map showing the regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. In addition to its primary objective described above, EMIT has demonstrated the capacity to characterize methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) point-source emissions by measuring gas absorption features in the shortwave infrared bands. The EMIT Level 2B Carbon Dioxide Enhancement Data (EMITL2BCO2ENH) Version 3 data product is a total vertical column enhancement estimate of carbon dioxide in parts per million meter (ppm m) based on an adaptive matched filter approach. A Differential Matched Filter (DiffMF) approach has been introduced along with this Version 3 data product to help reduce the inclusion of false-positive plume complexes. The code used to produce the enhancements and uncertainties can be found in the EMIT science data system GitHub repository. EMITL2BCO2ENH provides per-pixel carbon dioxide enhancement data used to identify carbon dioxide plume complexes, per-pixel differential matched filter results to reduce false-positive identification of methane plume complexes, per-pixel carbon dioxide uncertainty due to sensor noise, and per-pixel carbon dioxide sensitivity that can be used to understand sources of bias in the enhancement data. The EMITL2BCO2ENH Version 3 data product includes carbon dioxide enhancement granules for all captured scenes, regardless of carbon dioxide plume complex identification. Each granule contains five Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) files at a spatial resolution of 60 meters (m) and one full resolution browse image: Carbon Dioxide Enhancement (EMIT_L2B_CO2ENH), Carbon Dioxide Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_CO2UNCERT), Carbon Dioxide DiffMF bands 1 and 2 (EMIT_L2B_CO2ENHD1, EMIT_L2B_CO2ENHD2), and Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity (EMIT_L2B_CO2SENS). The EMITL2BCO2ENH COG files contain carbon dioxide enhancement data based primarily on EMIT L1B At-Sensor Calibrated Radiance ([EMITL1BRAD]( https://doi.org/10.5067/EMIT/EMITL1BRAD.002)) values. Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km, nominal at the equator, with some granules near the end of an orbit segment reaching 150 km in length. Known Issues * Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, through January 6, 2023, a power issue on the ISS caused a pause in EMIT operations. Due to this shutdown, no data were acquired during that timeframe. Outside of this period, regular short-term gaps in coverage are expected depending on the solar and sensor geometry.

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) is an Earth Ventures-Instrument (EVI-4) Mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS). EMIT’s prime mission was designed to map surface mineralogy of arid dust source regions using imaging spectroscopy in the visible and short-wave infrared (VSWIR). EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take mineralogical measurements of sunlit regions of interest between 52° N latitude and 52° S latitude. During the prime mission, the EMIT team focused on using surface reflectance to resolve absorption features of iron oxides, clays, sulfates, carbonates, and other dust-forming minerals in Earth's dust source regions. In the extended mission, EMIT’s core measurements remain the same, but acquisitions expand to sample all regions observable from the ISS orbit, supporting efforts across the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and more. An interactive map showing the regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. In addition to its primary objective described above, EMIT has demonstrated the capacity to characterize methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) point-source emissions by measuring gas absorption features in the shortwave infrared bands. The EMIT Level 2B Methane Enhancement Data (EMITL2BCH4ENH) Version 3 data product is a total vertical column enhancement estimate of methane in parts per million meter (ppm m) based on an adaptive matched filter approach. A Differential Matched Filter (DiffMF) approach has been introduced along with this Version 3 data product to help reduce the inclusion of false-positive plume complexes. The code used to produce the enhancements and uncertainties can be found in the EMIT science data system GitHub repository. EMITL2BCH4ENH provides per-pixel methane enhancement data used to identify methane plume complexes, per-pixel differential matched filter results to reduce false-positive identification of methane plume complexes, per-pixel methane uncertainty due to sensor noise, and per-pixel methane sensitivity that can be used to understand sources of bias in the enhancement data. The EMITL2BCH4ENH Version 3 data product includes methane enhancement granules for all captured scenes, regardless of methane plume complex identification. Each granule contains five Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) files at a spatial resolution of 60 meters (m) and one full resolution browse image: Methane Enhancement (EMIT_L2B_CH4ENH), Methane Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_CH4UNCERT), Methane DiffMF bands 1 and 2 (EMIT_L2B_CH4ENHD1, EMIT_L2B_CH4ENHD2), and Methane Sensitivity (EMIT_L2B_CH4SENS). The EMITL2BCH4ENH COG files contain methane enhancement data based primarily on EMIT L1B At-Sensor Calibrated Radiance ([EMITL1BRAD]( https://doi.org/10.5067/EMIT/EMITL1BRAD.002)) values. Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km, nominal at the equator, with some granules at the end of an orbit segment reaching 150 km in length.

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ243D17 (primary) or VJ143D17 (secondary) data products. The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 2 Band M7 product (VNP43D17) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VNP43D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VNP43D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VNP43MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VNP43D01 through VNP43D36. In addition to the bands included in VNP43MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VNP43D37 through VNP43D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VNP43MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VNP43D17 is the BRDF volumetric parameter for VIIRS band M7 (0.865 μm). The volumetric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M7. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ243D16 (primary) or VJ143D16 (secondary) data products. The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 Band M7 product (VNP43D16) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VNP43D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VNP43D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VNP43MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VNP43D01 through VNP43D36. In addition to the bands included in VNP43MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VNP43D37 through VNP43D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VNP43MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VNP43D16 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for VIIRS band M7 (0.865 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M7. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.