Global geoscience data

Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter: mean amplitude of radiometrically terrain-corrected gamma-0 backscatter (AMP) values for March/April/May in HV polarization. Pixel values in source rasters are stored as digital numbers (DN). Processing templates are included with the service to provide the power and dB values along with the original DN values. The power value is calculated using the formula DN ^ 2 / 199526231, and the dB value is calculated using the formula 20 x log10(DN) - 83. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) is an Earth Ventures-Instrument (EVI-4) Mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS). EMIT’s prime mission was designed to map surface mineralogy of arid dust source regions using imaging spectroscopy in the visible and short-wave infrared (VSWIR) range. EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take mineralogical measurements of sunlit regions of interest between 52° N latitude and 52° S latitude. During the prime mission, the EMIT team focused on using surface reflectance to resolve absorption features of iron oxides, clays, sulfates, carbonates, and other dust-forming minerals in Earth's dust source regions. In the extended mission, EMIT’s core measurements remain the same, but acquisitions expand to sample all regions observable from the ISS orbit, supporting efforts across the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and more. An interactive map showing the regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. The EMIT Level 1B At-Sensor Calibrated Radiance and Geolocation (EMITL1BRAD) Version 2 data product provides at-sensor calibrated radiance values along with observation data in a spatially raw, non-orthocorrected format. Each EMITL1BRAD granule consists of two Network Common Data Format Version 4 (netCDF-4) files at a spatial resolution of 60 meters (m): Radiance (EMIT_L1B_RAD) and Observation (EMIT_L1B_OBS). The Radiance file contains the at-sensor radiance measurements of 285 bands with a spectral range of 381-2493 nanometers (nm) and with a spectral resolution of ~7.5 nm, all held within a single variable. The Observation file contains viewing and solar geometries, timing, topographic, and other information related to the observation. Each netCDF-4 file holds a location group containing geometric lookup tables (GLT), which are orthorectified images that provide relative x- and y-reference locations from the raw scene to allow for projection of the data. Along with the GLT layers, the files also contain latitude, longitude, and elevation layers. The latitude and longitude coordinates are presented using the World Geodetic System (WGS84) ellipsoid. The elevation data was obtained from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission v3 (SRTM v3) data and then resampled to EMIT’s spatial resolution. Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km, nominal at the equator, with some granules at the end of an orbit segment reaching approximately 150 km in length. Known Issues * Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, through January 6, 2023, a power issue on the ISS caused a pause in EMIT operations. Due to this shutdown, no data were acquired during that timeframe. Outside of this period, regular short-term gaps in coverage are expected depending on the solar and sensor geometry.

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Emissivity Dataset (GED) is a collection of monthly files (see known issues for gaps) for each year of global emissivity. The ASTER GED data products are generated for 2000 through 2015 using the ASTER Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm atmospheric correction method. This algorithm method uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Atmospheric Profiles product MOD07 and the MODerate spectral resolution TRANsmittance (MODTRAN) 5.2 radiative transfer model along with the snow cover data from the standard monthly MODIS/Terra snow cover monthly global 0.05 degree product MOD10CM, and vegetation information from the MODIS monthly gridded NDVI product MOD13C2. ASTER GED Monthly V041 data products are offered in Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, developed the ASTER GED product. When using this data product in a publication, please include the citations listed under the Publications header on the Documents and Resources tab in addition to the data product citation provided below. Known Issues * Since ASTER GED Monthly V041 uses MOD10CM as an input, there will be some months that were unable to be created due to missing data. Please see the MODIS/Terra Data Outages Webpage for more information.

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Combined Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Emissivity for Land (CAMEL) dataset provides monthly emissivity at 0.05 degree (~5 kilometer) resolution (CAM5K30EM). The CAM5K30EM data product was created by combining the University of Wisconsin-Madison MODIS Infrared Emissivity dataset (UWIREMIS) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset Version 4 (GED V4). The two datasets have been integrated to capitalize on the unique strengths of each product's characteristics. The integration steps include: adjustment of ASTER GED Version 3 emissivities for vegetation and snow cover variations to produce ASTER GED Version 4, aggregation of ASTER GED Version 4 emissivities from 100 meter resolution to the University of Wisconsin-Madison MODIS Baseline Fit (UWBF) 5 kilometer resolution, merging of the 5 ASTER spectral emissivities with the UWBF emissivity to create CAMEL at 13 hinge points, and extension of the 13 hinge points to high spectral resolution (HSR) utilizing the Principal Component (PC) regression method. Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the User Guide and Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Provided in the CAM5K30EM product are layers for the CAMEL emissivity, ASTER Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), snow fraction derived from MODIS (MOD10), latitude, longitude, CAMEL quality, ASTER quality, and Best Fit Emissivity (BFE) quality information.

Global winter (December/January/February) median 6-day interferometric coherence (COH06) in VV polarization from the Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter Data Set. Pixel values in source rasters are the coherence value (ranging from 0 to 1) multiplied by 100. A processing template is included with the service to provide the standard coherence values (0 to 1) along with the original source raster values. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

Date of Image: 2/8/2023, 2/9/2023, 2/10/2023 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: 2/8/2023 (EOS-RS, JAXA ALOS-2) The Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) created this preliminary Damage Proxy Map (DPM) depicting areas that are likely damaged in Turkiye (Turkey) and Syria due to the M7.8 and M7.5 earthquakes that occurred on 6 Feb 2023. This map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the ALOS-2 satellite operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) before (7 Apr 2021 and 6 Apr 2022) and after (8 Feb 2023) the event. 2/9/2023 (EOS-RS, Copernicus Sentinel-1) The Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) created this preliminary Damage Proxy Map (DPM) depicting areas that are likely damaged in Turkiye (Turkey) and Syria due to the M7.8 and M7.5 earthquakes that occurred on 6 Feb 2023. This map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) before (12 Oct 2022 to 28 Jan 2023) and after (9 Feb 2023) the event. 2/10/2023 (EOS-RS, Copernicus Sentinel-1) The Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) created this preliminary Damage Proxy Map (DPM) depicting areas that are likely damaged in Turkiye (Turkey) and Syria due to the M7.8 and M7.5 earthquakes that occurred on 6 Feb 2023. This map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) before (13 Oct 2022 to 29 Jan 2023) and after (10 Feb 2023) the event. Suggested Use: Standard Version: The color variation from pale yellow to red indicates increasingly more significant surface change (drop in radar reflection coherence). Preliminary validation was done by comparing with high-resolution optical imagery and media reports. Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) Version: The color variation from light blue to dark blue indicates increasingly more significant surface change. Preliminary validation was done by comparing with high-resolution optical imagery and media reports. NOTE: This damage proxy map could be used as a guidance to identify damaged areas, and may be less reliable over vegetated areas. The time intervals between the ALOS-2 acquisitions are up to a year apart, so the accuracy of the DPM may be lower in areas of vegetation, such as in the mountains. Scattered pixels over vegetated areas may be false positives, and a lack of colored pixels over vegetated areas may not mean no damage. Satellite/Sensor: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Copernicus Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: Original data ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Product - JAXA (2021-2023). Data were provided by Sentinel Asia and analyzed by the Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) in collaboration with NASA-JPL and Caltech. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022-2023), processed by ESA and analyzed by the Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) in collaboration with NASA-JPL and Caltech, using the Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) system originally developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and modified at EOS-RS. Service URL: WMS Endpoint:

Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter: mean amplitude of radiometrically terrain-corrected gamma-0 backscatter (AMP) values for June/July/August in VV polarization. Pixel values in source rasters are stored as digital numbers (DN). Processing templates are included with the service to provide the power and dB values along with the original DN values. The power value is calculated using the formula DN ^ 2 / 199526231, and the dB value is calculated using the formula 20 x log10(DN) - 83. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter: 12-day median coherence for September/October/November in VV polarization. Pixel values in source rasters are the coherence value (ranging from 0 to 1) multiplied by 100. A processing template is included with the service to provide the standard coherence values (0 to 1) along with the original source raster values. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

Dates of Images: September 22, 2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: SMAP Level-4 (L4) surface and root zone soil moisture (L4_SM) data are provided in three products. The SMAP L4 Global 3-hourly 9 km EASE-Grid Surface and Root Zone Soil Moisture Geophysical Data (SPL4SMGP, DOI: 10.5067/T5RUATAQREF8) product is a series of 3-hourly time average geophysical land surface fields that are output by the L4_SM algorithm. It is likely of primary interest to most users. The SMAP L4 Global 3-hourly 9 km EASE-Grid Surface and Root Zone Soil Moisture Analysis Update (SPL4SMAU, DOI: 10.5067/02LGW4DGJYRX) product provides diagnostics from the land surface analysis updates. It consists of a series of 3-hourly instantaneous (or snapshot) files that contain the assimilated SMAP observations, the corresponding land model predictions and analysis estimates, and additional data assimilation diagnostics. Lastly, the SMAP L4 Global 9 km EASE-Grid Surface and Root Zone Soil Moisture Land Model Constants (SPL4SMLM, DOI: 10.5067/PXQIBL2ALDZD) product provides static (time-invariant) land surface model constants that will be needed by some users for further interpretation of the geophysical land surface fields. This product consists of only one granule (file) per L4_SM data product version (as defined by a distinct Science Version ID). For each product, SMAP L-band brightness temperature data from descending and ascending half-orbit satellite passes (approximately 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. local solar time, respectively) are assimilated into a land surface model that is gridded using an Earth-fixed, global cylindrical 9 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid, Version 2.0 (EASE-Grid 2.0) projection. Parameter(s): ROOT ZONE SOIL MOISTURE SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE Platform(s): GEOS-5SMAP Sensor(s): NOT APPLICABLE (root zone) SMAP L-BAND RADIOMETER (surface soil moisture) Data Format(s): GeoTIFF Temporal Resolution: 3 hour Spatial Resolution: 9 km Spatial Reference System(s): WGS 84 / NSIDC EASE-Grid 2.0 Global EPSG:6933 Credits: Funding was provided by the NASA SMAP Mission. Computational resources were provided by the NASA High-End Computing program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation. The generation and dissemination of SMAP data products possible includes staff at GSFC, JPL, and NSIDC.

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Combined Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Emissivity for Land (CAMEL) dataset provides monthly coefficients at 0.05 degree (~5 kilometer) resolution (CAM5K30CF). The CAMEL Principal Components Analysis (PCA) input coefficients utilized in the CAMEL high spectral resolution (HSR) algorithm are provided in the CAM5K30CF data product and are congruent to the temporally equivalent CAM5K30EM emissivity data product. Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the User Guide and Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Provided in the CAM5K30CF product are layers for PCA coefficients, number of PCA coefficients, laboratory version, snow fraction derived from MODIS Snow Cover data (MOD10), latitude, longitude, and the CAMEL quality information. PCA coefficients are dependent on the version of lab PC data and number of PCs used.

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Combined Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Emissivity for Land (CAMEL) data suite has been expanded to include a monthly global uncertainty climatology product (CAM5K30UCCLIM). The product is provided at 0.05 degree (~5 kilometer) resolution. The 13 hinge-point uncertainty climatology is computed by taking an average over each available month from 2003 through 2021 (19 years) and includes three independent components of variability: temporal, spatial, and algorithm. Each measure of uncertainty climatology is provided for all 13 hinge points of emissivity and each latitude-longitude point. Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the User Guide and Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Corresponding emissivity values can be found in the CAM5K30EMCLIM data product. Provided in the CAM5K30UCCLIM product are variables for algorithm uncertainty, spatial uncertainty, temporal uncertainty, total uncertainty, latitude, longitude, spectral wavelength, and total uncertainty quality flag information.

These datasets were prepared within the scope of the CUP4SOIL (Copernicus user uptake for soil information products) project (Copernicus user update project). The soil property maps were generated at a resolution of 20m, and created with LUCAS and other continental level data using digital soil mapping. Users should assess the local predictive accuracy of the maps prior to using them for making recommendations at local (or field) level. The datasets contain the following soil properties (for top soil (0-30 cm) depth): Soil organic carbon content, pH in water, Total nitrogen, Bulk density (oven dry), Coarse fragments (volumetric), Soil inorganic carbon content, Sand, Silt, Clay. The SoilSuite products (https://c.geoservice.dlr.de/web/datasets/soilsuite_eur_5y) were used as covariates, together with a range of other copernics products. Measurement units and web links for the above properties can be found here below. The maps are provided as Web Map Service (WMS) layers which load dynamically in a GIS software. The Soil organic carbon content "soc_topsoil_030cm_mean_forest" layer is represented here in the Web Map Service (WMS). For more information and to visualize all layers, please refer to the ISRIC web page at https://maps.isric.org/. The suffix `_mosaic` refers to the full data (20m spatial resolution). If you need to use the data, please use layers with the `_mosaic` suffux. The suffix `_overviews` refers to spatial overviews for faster visualisation. However datasets with the `_overview` suffix will not load to the full resolution. **Data creation:** 2025-04-16 **Data publication:** 2025-04-16 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [Data infodesk](mailto:data@isric.org) Resource Contact: [Betony Colman](mailto:betony.colman@isric.org) Resource Contact: [Laura Poggio](mailto:laura.poggio@isric.org) Resource Contact: [Luis Calisto](mailto:luis.callisto@isric.org) Resource Contact: [Niels Batjes](mailto:niels.batjes@isric.org) **Data lineage:** Data quality information not available **Resource constraints:** Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ **Online resources:**

Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter: mean amplitude of radiometrically terrain-corrected gamma-0 backscatter (AMP) values for December/January/February in VH polarization. Pixel values in source rasters are stored as digital numbers (DN). Processing templates are included with the service to provide the power and dB values along with the original DN values. The power value is calculated using the formula DN ^ 2 / 199526231, and the dB value is calculated using the formula 20 x log10(DN) - 83. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) is an Earth Ventures-Instrument (EVI-4) Mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS). EMIT’s prime mission was designed to map surface mineralogy of arid dust source regions using imaging spectroscopy in the visible and short-wave infrared (VSWIR) range. EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take mineralogical measurements of sunlit regions of interest between 52° N latitude and 52° S latitude. During the prime mission, the EMIT team focused on using surface reflectance to resolve absorption features of iron oxides, clays, sulfates, carbonates, and other dust-forming minerals in Earth's dust source regions. In the extended mission, EMIT’s core measurements remain the same, but acquisitions expand to sample all regions observable from the ISS orbit, supporting efforts across the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and more. An interactive map showing the regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. The EMIT Level 1B Corrected Spacecraft Attitude and Ephemeris (EMITL1BATT) Version 2 data product provides both corrected and uncorrected attitude quaternions and spacecraft ephemeris data obtained from the ISS, including Earth-centered inertial (ECI) position and velocity, along with associated time elements. The data are provided in one second intervals and each product file contains vectors from the duration of the orbit. The time elements are copied from the ISS raw data. The data for each EMITL1BATT granule are delivered in a single Network Common Data Format Version 4 (netCDF-4) file. Known Issues * Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, through January 6, 2023, a power issue on the ISS caused a pause in EMIT operations. Due to this shutdown, no data were acquired during that timeframe. Outside of this period, regular short-term gaps in coverage are expected depending on the solar and sensor geometry.

Global fall (September/October/November) median 6-day interferometric coherence (COH06) in HH polarization from the Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter Data Set. Pixel values in source rasters are the coherence value (ranging from 0 to 1) multiplied by 100. A processing template is included with the service to provide the standard coherence values (0 to 1) along with the original source raster values. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Combined Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Emissivity for Land (CAMEL) data suite has been expanded to include a monthly global covariances climatology product (CAM5K30COVCLIM). The product is provided at 0.25 degree (~25 kilometer) resolution. The CAMEL covariance product includes the mean and variance of the covariance matrixes created for each month from 2003 through 2021 (19 years) on a 0.25 x 0.25 degree grid of 416 spectral points from the V003 CAMEL Emissivity product (CAM5K30EM). Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the User Guide and Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Provided in the CAM5K30COVCLIM product are variables for the mean and variance of the emissivity, latitude, longitude, spectral frequencies, and number of observations.

Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter: mean amplitude of radiometrically terrain-corrected gamma-0 backscatter (AMP) values for March/April/May in VH polarization. Pixel values in source rasters are stored as digital numbers (DN). Processing templates are included with the service to provide the power and dB values along with the original DN values. The power value is calculated using the formula DN ^ 2 / 199526231, and the dB value is calculated using the formula 20 x log10(DN) - 83. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

Global spring (March/April/May) median 6-day interferometric coherence (COH06) in VV polarization from the Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter Data Set. Pixel values in source rasters are the coherence value (ranging from 0 to 1) multiplied by 100. A processing template is included with the service to provide the standard coherence values (0 to 1) along with the original source raster values. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/