Logging concessions

“Oil palm concession” refers to an area allocated by a government or other body for industrial-scale oil palm plantations. This data set displays oil palm concessions as a single layer assembled by aggregating concession data for multiple countries. The data may come from government agencies, NGOs, or other organizations and varies by date and data sources. Only active or available concessions are included in this layer. Inactive or expired concessions are excluded as defined by the dataset source. As available, additional data source information is linked below: - Cambodia - Cameroon - Democratic Republic of the Congo - Malaysia  If you are aware of concession data for additional countries, please email us [here](mailto:gnw@wri.org). Displays boundaries of areas allocated by governments to companies for oil palm plantations.

“Mining concession” refers to an area allocated by a government or other body for the extraction of minerals. The terminology for these areas varies from country to country. “Concession” is used as a general term for licenses, permits, or other contracts that confer rights to private companies to manage and extract minerals from public lands; terminology varies at the national level, however, and includes mineral or mining "permits," "tenures," "licenses," and other terms. This data set displays mining concessions as a single layer assembled by aggregating concession data for multiple countries. The data may come from government agencies, NGOs, or other organizations and vary by date and source. Only active or available concessions are included in this layer. Inactive or expired concessions are excluded as defined by the dataset source. As available, additional data source information is linked below: - Brazil - Cameroon - Cambodia - Colombia - Democratic Republic of the Congo - Malaysia - Peru - Suriname - [Zambia](www.znsdi.net) If you are aware of concession data for additional countries, please email us [here](mailto:gnw@wri.org).  Displays boundaries of areas allocated by governments to companies for extraction of minerals

“Wood fiber concession” refers to an area allocated by a government or other body for establishment of fast-growing tree plantations for the production of timber and wood pulp for paper and paper products. This data set displays wood fiber concessions as a single layer assembled by aggregating concession data for multiple countries. The data may come from government agencies, NGOs, or other organizations and varies by date and source. As available, additional source information is linked below: - Cambodia - Malaysia If you are aware of concession data for additional countries, please email us [here](mailto:gnw@wri.org). Displays boundaries of areas allocated by governments to private companies for tree plantations for production of timber and wood pulp for paper and paper products.

“Oil and gas concessions” refer to areas allocated by the government to companies who explore for and produce oil, natural gas and other hydrocarbons. The terminology for these areas varies from country to country. “Concession” is used as a general term for licenses, permits, or other contracts that confer rights to private companies to manage and extract oil and natural gas from public lands; terminology varies at the national level, however, and includes mining or mining “permits,” “tenures,” “licenses,” and other terms. This data set displays oil and gas concessions as a single layer assembled by aggregating concession data for multiple countries. The data may come from government agencies, NGOs, or other organizations and varies by date and source. Only active or available concessions are included in this layer. Inactive or expired concessions are excluded as defined by the dataset source. As available, additional data source information is linked below: - Brazil - Colombia - Democratic Republic of the Congo - Ecuador - Peru If you are aware of concession data for additional countries, please email us [here](mailto:gnw@wri.org).  Displays boundaries of areas allocated by governments to companies for the exploration of oil, gas, and other hydrocarbons.

This layer combines multiple forest roads datasets covering six Congo Basin countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Republic of Congo. The pre-2019 roads data are from Kleinschroth et al (2019) which combines crowd-sourced data from Open Street Map (OSM), manually digitized roads from the Logging roads initiative led by Moabi, the Joint Research Center of the European Commission and Global Nature Watch, data from Laporte et al. (2007), who manually digitized Landsat images from 1970-2003, and earlier efforts from Kleinschroth et al. (2017) for certain regions. Roads after 2019 are mapped by Slagter et al. 2024, with an advanced detection method based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and a deep learning model. This integration serves to offer a more comprehensive forest roads dataset for the Congo Basin. While the machine learning techniques enhance our ability to detect and map roads going forward, the older data holds value as it captures signals from roads that may no longer be visible or detectable today. This information can still provide context for users and insight into forest intactness, past logging activities, and the human footprint. The automated road detection algorithm from 2019 onwards implements both the Sentinel-2 optical sensors, which provide detailed imagery during clear weather conditions, as well as the Sentinel-1 radar sensors which can ‘see through’ clouds during persistent rainy seasons in the tropics. Therefore, the opening of commonly narrow and transient road segments can be precisely located on a monthly basis. Some old, overgrown roads—often 20–30 years old and present in the Laporte/Kleinschroth dataset—are detected again by WUR when they are reopened for a new logging cycle. This accounts for about one-third of WUR’s road detections. For some users, this distinction is valuable, as reopening old logging roads generally has less environmental impact than constructing entirely new ones. In addition, it provides an indication where new harvest cycles are occurring in previously logged forests. Intersections between new and old roads in the data layer on GNW may indicate such reopenings. However, due to differences in detection/collection methodology, these roads may not perfectly align spatially, even when they represent the same underlying feature. To download recent forest roads from WUR (>2019): Forest roads (Congo Basin) (zenodo.org) To download historical forest roads (<2019): Data from: Road expansion and persistence in forests of the Congo Basin - Research Collection (ethz.ch) Read the blog here: https://www.globalnaturewatch.org/blog/data-and-tools/congo-basin-forest-road-mapping/ Shows the development of forest roads in the Congo Basin

This data set shows land concessions granted by the Cambodian government as of 2024. Several different types of concessions are included in the attribute information: - Economic land concession: 253 concessions. - Special economic zone: 31 concessions. - Divested concession: Former state-owned rubber plantation dating back to French colony divested (i.e. privatized) in mid-2000s; 8 concessions. - Tourism concession: State-leased concession with tourism stated at main purpose; 5 concessions. - Other: State-leased concession not falling into any of the above-listed categories; 33 concessions.  For additional information, visit LICADHO. This data shows the location of known land concessions in Cambodia, including large-scale agricultural economic land concessions, special economic zones, as well as other state-leased concessions.