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The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Valid Observation Band M1 product (VJ143D42) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ143MA2 product. VJ143D40 through VJ143D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D42 contains the valid observation quality layer representing each of the 16 days of the retrieval period for VIIRS band M1. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Snow Status product (VJ143D52) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ143MA2 product. VJ143D40 through VJ143D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D52 contains the snow status quality layer, which identifies each pixel as either “Snow-free Albedo Retrieved” or “Snow Albedo Retrieved” for the acquisition period. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Valid Observation Band M10 product (VJ143D49) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ143MA2 product. VJ143D40 through VJ143D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D49 contains the valid observation quality layer representing each of the 16 days of the retrieval period for VIIRS band M10. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).
The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Local Solar Noon product (VJ243D41) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ243MA2 product. VJ243D40 through VJ243D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D41 contains the local solar zenith angle at the local solar noon of the representative pixel for the retrieval period. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Black-Sky Albedo for Band VIS (VJ143D63) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VNJ143D product contains just one data layer. VJ143D54 through VJ143D79 are the albedo products of the VJ143D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D63 is the BSA for the VIIRS visible broadband (0.64 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).
The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) 8-day Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VJ221C2) combines the daily (VJ221A1D) and (VJ221A1N) products over an 8-day compositing period into a single product. The VJ221C2 dataset is an 8-day composite LST&E product at 0.05 degree (~5,600 meter) resolution that uses an algorithm based on a simple-averaging method and is formatted as a CMG for use in climate simulation models. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud-free VJ221A1D and VJ221A1N daily acquisitions from the 8-day period. Unlike the VJ221A1 datasets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the VJ221C2 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate science dataset (SDS) variables within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VJ121C2 product contains 27 variables: LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VJ121C2 granule. Known Issues: • For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Valid Observation Band M11 product (VJ243D50) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ243MA2 product. VJ243D40 through VJ243D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D50 contains the valid observation quality layer representing each of the 16 days of the retrieval period for VIIRS band M11. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
Ocean acidification: Areas where pH at surface is below 8.085. Pixels with a value lower than the specified threshold (8.085) were given a value of 1 (YES response) The long-term change in annual ocean acidification is calculated over a 20 year time period, from 2021 to 2040 (near term), with SSP5-8.5. **Data publication:** 2022-01-26 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas](mailto:ipcc-ddc@ifca.unican.es) Metadata Contact: [OCB Environment](mailto:OCB-Environment-List@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** More information on IPCC data license at: https://interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch/license **Online resources:**
The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Surface Radiance TIR (AST_09T) is generated using the five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands (acquired either during the day or nighttime) between 8 and 12 µm spectral range. It provides surface-leaving radiance for the TIR bands at a spatial resolution of 90 meters, which includes both surface-emitted and surface-reflected components. It also provides the downwelling sky irradiance values (in W/m2/µm) for each of the TIR bands. This product is atmospherically corrected, and the surface-leaving radiance is of known accuracy and valid only for clear-sky scenes (cloud-free pixels). This atmospherically corrected product provides the input for generating two other higher level products: surface spectral emissivity and surface kinetic temperature. The algorithm to correct atmospheric effects involves two elements. First, it uses a radiative transfer model—the Moderate Resolution Transmittance Code (MODTRAN)—which can estimate the magnitude of atmospheric emission, absorption, and scattering. MODTRAN calculates atmospheric transmittance and radiance for frequencies from 0 to 50,000 cmˉ¹ at moderate spectral resolution. Second, it identifies and incorporates all the necessary atmospheric parameters applicable to the location and time for which the measurements require correction, including temperature, water vapor, elevation, ozone, and aerosols. Acquisitions for AST_09T ended on January 16, 2026, at 05:10:45 UTC, when the ASTER TIR instrument was permanently turned off due to power limitations on the Terra spacecraft. More information is available in this NASA Science News Brief. Known Issues * Level 2 products that are on the international date line/anti-meridian have incorrect bounding coordinates for the UTM zone defined in the file metadata. * Data acquisition gaps: On November 28, 2024, one of Terra's power-transmitting shunt units failed. As a result, there was insufficient power to maintain functionality of the ASTER instrument. ASTER resumed acquisitions for the TIR bands on April 15, 2025. Users should note the data gap in ASTER acquisitions from November 28, 2024, through April 15, 2025, for TIR acquisitions.
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Black-Sky Albedo for Band M7 (VJ143D59) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. VJ143D54 through VJ143D79 are the albedo products of the VJ143D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D59 is the BSA for VIIRS band M7 (0.865 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VJ121C) is compiled daily from daytime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate products. The L2G process maps the daily VJ121 swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations overlapping a gridded cell for a given day. The VJ121C1 algorithm sorts through all these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all cloud-free observations that have good LST accuracies. The 0.05 degree (5,600 m) dataset is derived through resampling the native 750 meter VIIRS resolution in the input product. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VJ121C1 product contains 25 Science Datasets (SDS) variables: LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VJ121C1 granule. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website and the User Guide.
Extreme low temperatures: areas where the number of days per year with minimum temperatures below 0ºC will increase by more than 1 day. Pixels with a value lower than the specified threshold (0ºC) were given a value of 1 (YES response) The long-term change in annual minimum temperature is calculated over a 20 year time period, from 2021 to 2040 (near term), with SSP1-2.6. **Data publication:** 2022-01-26 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [ IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas](mailto:ipcc-ddc@ifca.unican.es) Metadata Contact: [OCB Environment](mailto:OCB-Environment-List@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** More information on IPCC data license at: https://interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch/license **Online resources:**
Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.
Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.
Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.
Extreme high temperatures: areas where the number of days per year with maximum temperatures above 35ºC will increase by more than 15 days. Pixels with a value higher than the specified threshold (35ºC) were given a value of 1 (YES response) The long-term change in annual max temperature is calculated over a 20 year time period, from 2021 to 2040 (near term), with SSP1-2.6. **Data publication:** 2022-01-26 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas](mailto:ipcc-ddc@ifca.unican.es) Metadata Contact: [OCB Environment](mailto:OCB-Environment-List@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** More information on IPCC data license at: https://interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch/license **Online resources:**
The quality layer gives an indication on the quality of the Land Surface Temperature (LST) input data. It shows the time between the date of the data file and the earlier remote sensing observation on which the data is based. The data is provided from January 2009 to 2023. **Data publication:** 2020-01-01 **Supplemental Information:** No data value: 255 Unit: day Map code:L2-QUAL-LST-D New dekadal data layers are released approximately 5 days after the end of a dekad. A higher quality version of the same data layer is uploaded after 6 dekads have passed. This final version of the dekadal dataset has a higher quality because gap filling and interpolation processes, where needed, have been based on more data observations. **Citation:** FAO 2018. WaPOR Database Methodology: Level 2. Remote Sensing for Water Productivity Technical Report: Methodology Series. Rome, FAO. 72 pages. Licence: CC-BY-4.0 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [WaPOR](mailto:wapor@fao.org) Resource Contact: [WaPOR](mailto:wapor@fao.org) **Data lineage:** The LST input uses each clear observation. For each clear LST observation a separate "observation quality" is calculated which is dependent on the viewing angle. Smaller viewing angles provide a better LST observation. For each day the following procedure is followed to calculate the LST: If there is no clear LST observation, then the previous value of LST is used. The observation quality is reduced 10% each day. If there is a clear LST observation then the new LST value will be a weighted mean of the previous observation and current observation, based on their observation quality. The Quality Indicator provides the number of days since the last clear observation, regardless of its observation quality. Data component developed through collaboration with the FRAME Consortium. More information can be found at: http://www.fao.org/in-action/remote-sensing-for-water-productivity/en/ **Resource constraints:** Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage
Extreme high temperatures: areas where maximum temperatures are above 35ºC for at least 30 days on average per year. Pixels with a value higher than the specified threshold (35ºC) were given a value of 1 (YES response) Historical climate data are an ensemble of outputs from CMIP6 earth system models for the time period 1981-2010 **Data publication:** 2022-01-26 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas](mailto:ipcc-ddc@ifca.unican.es) Metadata Contact: [OCB Environment](mailto:OCB-Environment-List@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** More information on IPCC data license at: https://interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch/license **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage
The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ221C3 (primary) or VJ121C3 (secondary) data products. The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) monthly Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VNP21C3) provides LST&E by a process of selecting the best available pixel over a monthly acquisition period at 0.05 degree (~5,600 meter) resolution. The VNP21C3 dataset is a monthly composite LST&E product that uses an algorithm based on a simple averaging method and is formatted as a CMG for use in climate simulation models. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud free VNP21A1D and VNP21A1N daily acquisitions from the monthly period. Unlike the VNP21A1 data sets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the VNP21C3 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate Science Dataset (SDS) variables within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VNP21C3 product contains 27 Science Datasets (SDS) variables: LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VNP21C3 granule. Known Issues * Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows. * High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
A suite of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) products are available in Collection 6.1. The MOD21 Land Surface Temperature (LST) algorithm differs from the algorithm of the MOD11 LST products, in that the MOD21 algorithm is based on the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) technique, whereas the MOD11 uses the split-window technique. The MOD21 TES algorithm uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and spectral emissivity simultaneously from the MODIS thermal infrared bands 29, 31, and 32. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The MOD21C3 dataset is a monthly composite LST product that uses an algorithm based on a simple averaging method. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud free MOD21A1D and MOD21A1N daily acquisitions from the 8-day period. Unlike the MOD21A1 data sets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the MOD21A2 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate Science Dataset (SDS) layers within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. The LST, Quality Control (QC), view zenith angle, and viewing time have separate day and night SDS layers, while the values for the MODIS emissivity bands 29, 31, and 32 are the average of both the nighttime and daytime acquisitions. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Known Issues * Users of MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered MxD21 Version 6 and 6.1 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact both the MxD21 and MxD11 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows. * High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the MxD21 product will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * In order to mitigate the impact of dust in the MxD21 V6 and 6.1 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination example documentation. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Valid Observation Band M4 product (VJ143D45) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ143MA2 product. VJ143D40 through VJ143D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D45 contains the valid observation quality layer representing each of the 16 days of the retrieval period for VIIRS band M4. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Valid Observation Band M8 product (VJ143D48) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ143MA2 product. VJ143D40 through VJ143D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D48 contains the valid observation quality layer representing each of the 16 days of the retrieval period for VIIRS band M8. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).
The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 Band M10 product (VJ243D22) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ243D01 through VJ243D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ243D37 through VJ243D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D22 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for VIIRS band M10 (1.61 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M10. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 VIS product (VJ243D28) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ243D01 through VJ243D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ243D37 through VJ243D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D28 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for the VIIRS visible broadband (0.64 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for the VIIRS visible broadband. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Black-Sky Albedo for Band M8 (VJ243D60) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. VJ243D54 through VJ243D79 are the albedo products of the VJ243D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D60 is the BSA for VIIRS band M8 (1.240 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.
Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.
The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Quality product (VJ243D40) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ243MA2 product. VJ243D40 through VJ243D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D40 consists of BRDF/Albedo quality information representing the overall quality of each pixel for VIIRS moderate resolution bands M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, M11, and DNB. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo white-sky albedo for DNB (VJ143D79) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. VJ143D54 through VJ143D79 are the albedo products of the VJ143D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D79 is the WSA for the VIIRS DNB (0.7 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).
The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 3 Band M8 product (VJ243D21) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ243D01 through VJ243D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ243D37 through VJ243D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D21 is the BRDF geometric parameter for VIIRS band M8 (1.240 μm). The geometric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and volumetric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M8. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Downward Shortwave Radiation (DSR) gridded Level 3 product is produced at 1 kilometer pixel resolution at daily intervals. DSR is the incident solar radiation over land surfaces in the shortwave spectrum (300-4,000 nanometers) and is an important variable in land-surface models that address a variety of scientific and is a significant variable in land surface models (LSMs), receiving increased attention due to its importance for the management and operation of solar energy systems. The VJ118 algorithm adapts the narrowband look-up table (LUT) approach to estimate DSR. The LUTs consider different types of loadings of aerosols and clouds at a variety of illumination/viewing geometry. The Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) is forthcoming and will provide additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data. Provided in the VJ118A1 product are variables for instantaneous total, direct, and diffuse DSR, as well as 3-hour DSR, daily mean DSR, and a quality variable.
The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo white-sky albedo for band M1 (VJ143D67) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. VJ143D54 through VJ143D79 are the albedo products of the VJ143D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D67 is the WSA for VIIRS band M1 (0.412 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).
The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project is the most complete global collection of tropical cyclones available. It merges recent and historical tropical cyclone data from multiple agencies to create a unified, publicly available, best-track dataset that improves inter-agency comparisons. Fields available: SID: A unique storm identifier (SID) assigned by IBTrACS algorithm. ISO_TIME: Time of the observation in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss) BASIN: Basin of the current storm position SUBBASIN: Sub-basin of the current storm position NATURE: Type of storm (a combination of the various types from the available sources) NUMBER: Number of the storm for the year (restarts at 1 for each year LAT: Mean position - latitude (a combination of the available positions) LON: Mean position - longitude (a combination of the available positions) WMO_WIND: Maximum sustained wind speed assigned by the responsible WMO agency WMO_PRES: Minimum central pressure assigned by the responsible WMO agency.
Reference evapotranspiration (RET) is defined as the evapotranspiration from a hypothetical reference crop and it simulates the behavior of a well-watered grass surface. The value of each pixel represents the total of the daily reference evapotranspiration for that specific month. The data is provided from January 2009 to 2023. **Data publication:** 2020-01-01 **Supplemental Information:** No data value: -9999 Unit: mm (1mm=1l/m² or 1mm=10m³/ha) Scale Factor : 0.1 Map code : L1-RET-M Conversion factor: the pixel value in the downloaded data must be multiplied by 0.1 New dekadal data layers are released approximately 5 days after the end of a dekad. A higher quality version of the same data layer is uploaded after 6 dekads have passed. This final version of the dekadal dataset has a higher quality because gap filling and interpolation processes, where needed, have been based on more data observations. This implies that other temporal aggregations (monthly, seasonal, annual), and layers that depend on those, are updated as well. Practically this means that a final annual aggregation of the most recent full calendar year can only be produced after the end of February. Likewise, the final monthly aggregation of the most recent calendar months can only be produced 2 full months later. **Citation:** FAO 2018. WaPOR Database Methodology: Level 1. Remote Sensing for Water Productivity Technical Report: Methodology Series. Rome, FAO. 72 pages. Licence: CC BY 4.0 IGO **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [WaPOR](mailto:wapor@fao.org) Resource Contact: [WaPOR](mailto:wapor@fao.org) **Data lineage:** See daily Reference EvapoTranspiration (L1_RET_E) for further information. The monthly data is obtained by taking the daily RET, summing the days of each month. **Resource constraints:** Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage
The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Valid Observation Day/Night Band (DNB) product (VJ243D51) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ243MA2 product. VJ243D40 through VJ243D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D51 contains the valid observation quality layer representing each of the 16 days of the retrieval period for VIIRS DNB. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
A suite of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) products are available in Collection 6.1. The MOD21 Land Surface Temperature (LST) algorithm differs from the algorithm of the MOD11 LST products, in that the MOD21 algorithm is based on the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) technique, whereas the MOD11 uses the split-window technique. The MOD21 TES algorithm uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and spectral emissivity simultaneously from the MODIS thermal infrared bands 29, 31, and 32. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The MOD21A1N dataset is produced daily from nighttime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate LST products at a spatial resolution of 1,000 meters. The L2G process maps the daily MOD21 swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations falling over a gridded cell for a given day. The MOD21A1 algorithm sorts through these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all observations that are cloud free and have good LST&E accuracies. The nighttime average is weighted by the observation coverage for that cell. Only observations having an observation coverage greater than a 15% threshold are considered. The MOD21A1N product contains seven Science Datasets (SDS), which include the calculated LST as well as quality control, the three emissivity bands, view zenith angle, and time of observation. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Known Issues * Users of MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered MxD21 Version 6 and 6.1 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact both the MxD21 and MxD11 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows. * High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the MxD21 product will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * In order to mitigate the impact of dust in the MxD21 V6 and 6.1 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination example documentation. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.