Global climate and weather data

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 Band M4 product (VJ143D10) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D10 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for VIIRS band M4 (0.555 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M4. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Black-Sky Albedo for Band M5 (VJ143D58) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. VJ143D54 through VJ143D79 are the albedo products of the VJ143D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D58 is the BSA for VIIRS band M5 (0.672 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Black-Sky Albedo for Band M11 (VJ143D62) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. VJ143D54 through VJ143D79 are the albedo products of the VJ143D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D62 is the BSA for VIIRS band M11 (2.25 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) monthly Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VJ221C3) provides LST&E by a process of selecting the best available pixel over a monthly acquisition period at 0.05 degree (~5,600 meter) resolution. The VJ221C3 dataset is a monthly composite LST&E product that uses an algorithm based on a simple averaging method and is formatted as a CMG for use in climate simulation models. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud free VJ221A1D and VJ221A1N daily acquisitions from the monthly period. Unlike the VJ221A1 data sets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the VJ221C3 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate Science Dataset (SDS) variables within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VJ221C3 product contains 27 variables: LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VJ221C3 granule. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 NIR product (VJ243D31) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data variable. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ243D01 through VJ243D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ243D37 through VJ243D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D31 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for the VIIRS NIR broadband (0.865 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for the VIIRS NIR broadband. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.

Mean wind speed at a height of 10 metres above the surface over the period 00h-24h local time. This dataset provides daily surface meteorological data for the period from 1979 to 1992 as input for agriculture and agro-ecological studies. This dataset is based on the hourly ECMWF ERA5 data at surface level and is referred to as AgERA5. Acquisition and pre-processing of the original ERA5 data is a complex and specialized job. By providing the AgERA5 dataset, users are freed from this work and can directly start with meaningful input for their analyses and modelling. References: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) aims to combine observations of the climate system with the latest science to develop authoritative, quality-assured information about the past, current and future states of the climate in Europe and worldwide. ECMWF operates the Copernicus Climate Change Service on behalf of the European Union and will bring together expertise from across Europe to deliver the service. **Data publication:** 2021-01-30 **Data revision:** 2021-10-05 **Supplemental Information:** No data value: -9999 Unit : m/s Scale Factor : 1.0 Map code : AGERA5-WS **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: ECMWF - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Resource Contact: ECMWF Support Portal **Data lineage:** Agrometeorological data were aggregated to daily time steps at the local time zone and corrected towards a finer topography at a 0.1° spatial resolution. The correction to the 0.1° grid was realized by applying grid and variable-specific regression equations to the ERA5 dataset interpolated at 0.1° grid. The equations were trained on ECMWF's operational high-resolution atmospheric model (HRES) at a 0.1° resolution. This way the data is tuned to the finer topography, finer land use pattern and finer land-sea delineation of the ECMWF HRES model. **Resource constraints:** **License Permission** This License is free of charge, worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty free and perpetual. Access to Copernicus Products is given for any purpose in so far as it is lawful, whereas use may include, but is not limited to: reproduction; distribution; communication to the public; adaptation, modification and combination with other data and information; or any combination of the foregoing. Where the Licensee communicates or distributes Copernicus Products to the public, the Licensee shall inform the recipients of the source by using the following or any similar notice: - Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [Year] and/or - Generated using Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information [Year] More information on Copernicus License at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage Download the data from File-Browser

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Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.

The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) mission measures the temperature of plants to better understand how much water plants need and how they respond to stress. ECOSTRESS is attached to the International Space Station (ISS) and collects data globally between 52° N and 52° S latitudes. The ECOSTRESS Tiled Top of Atmosphere Calibrated Radiance Instantaneous Level 1C Global 70 m (ECO_L1CT_RAD) Version 3 data product provides at-sensor calibrated radiance values retrieved for five thermal infrared (TIR) bands operating between 8 and 12.5 µm. This tiled data product is generated from the ECO_L1CG_RAD Version 3 data product using a modified version of the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), which divides Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zones into square tiles that are 109.8 km by 109.8 km with a 70 meter (m) spatial resolution. The ECO_L1CT_RAD Version 3 data product contains 12 layers including radiance values for the five TIR bands, associated data quality indicators, a preliminary cloud mask, and a water body mask. Each variable is distributed as a separate Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) file. Known Issues * Solar Array Obstruction: Some ECOSTRESS scenes may be affected by solar array obstructions from the ISS, potentially impacting data quality in obstructed pixels. The 'FieldOfViewObstruction' metadata field is reliably populated and accurate for all products generated on or after October 2024, following fixes to the PGE docker configuration and updates to the L1A_RAW_PIX software. Prior to October 2024, the field was not reliably populated; a list of confirmed affected scenes was maintained and is recommended for verifying historical data. * Historical acquisition gaps and anomalies (2018–2023): Irrecoverable data loss occurred due to Mass Storage Unit (MSU) failures, resulting in permanent gaps in the observational record where no ECOSTRESS data was acquired. Other early issues, including band 4 striping (Feb 2020), 3-band TES mode limitations (May 2019–April 2023), and noisy data periods (e.g., May–July 2025), have been mitigated through reprocessing, firmware updates, and instrument recovery. Version 3 products incorporate these improvements where data exists and are unaffected by ongoing issues, but the permanent historical gaps remain, and caution is advised for time-series analyses spanning affected periods.

The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) mission measures the temperature of plants to better understand how much water plants need and how they respond to stress. ECOSTRESS is attached to the International Space Station (ISS) and collects data globally between 52° N and 52° S latitudes. The ECOSTRESS Gridded Top of Atmosphere Calibrated Radiance Instantaneous Level 1C Global 70 m (ECO_L1CG_RAD) Version 2 data product provides at-sensor calibrated radiance values retrieved for five thermal infrared (TIR) bands operating between 8 and 12.5 µm. This product is a gridded version of the ECO_L1B_RAD Version 2 data product that has been resampled by nearest neighbor, projected to a globally snapped 0.0006° grid, and repackaged as the ECO_L1CG_RAD data product. The ECO_L1CG_RAD Version 2 data product contains 12 layers distributed in an HDF5 format file containing radiance values for the five TIR bands, associated data quality indicators, and cloud and water masks. Known Issues * Data acquisition gap: ECOSTRESS was launched on June 29, 2018, and moved to autonomous science operations on August 20, 2018, following a successful in-orbit checkout period. On September 29, 2018, ECOSTRESS experienced an anomaly with its primary mass storage unit (MSU). ECOSTRESS has a primary and secondary MSU (A and B). On December 5, 2018, the instrument was switched to the secondary MSU and science operations resumed. On March 14, 2019, the secondary MSU experienced a similar anomaly, temporarily halting science acquisitions. On May 15, 2019, a new data acquisition approach was implemented, and science acquisitions resumed. To optimize the new acquisition approach TIR bands 2, 4, and 5 are being downloaded. The data products are as previously, except the bands not downloaded contain fill values (L1 radiance and L2 emissivity). This approach was implemented from May 15, 2019, through April 28, 2023. * Data acquisition gap: From February 8 to February 16, 2020, an ECOSTRESS instrument issue resulted in a data anomaly that created striping in band 4 (10.5 micron). These data products have been reprocessed and are available for download. No ECOSTRESS data were acquired on February 17, 2020, due to the instrument being in SAFEHOLD. Data acquired following the anomaly have not been affected. * Missing scan data/striping features: During testing, an instrument artifact was encountered in ECOSTRESS bands 1 and 5, resulting in missing values. A machine learning algorithm has been applied to interpolate missing values. For more information on the missing scan filling techniques and outcomes, see Section 3.3.2 of the ECO_L1B_RAD User Guide. * Scan overlap: An overlap between ECOSTRESS scans results in a clear line overlap and repeating data. Additional information is available in Section 3.2 of the ECO_L1B_RAD User Guide. * Scan flipping: Improvements to the visualization of the data to compensate for instrument orientation are discussed in Section 3.4 of the ECO_L1B_RAD User Guide. * Data acquisition: ECOSTRESS has now successfully returned to 5-band mode after being in 3-band mode since 2019. This feature was successfully enabled following a Data Processing Unit firmware update (version 4.1) to the payload on April 28, 2023. To better balance contiguous science data scene variables, 3-band collection is currently being interleaved with 5-band acquisitions over the orbital day/night periods. * Solar Array Obstruction: Some ECOSTRESS scenes may be affected by solar array obstructions from the International Space Station (ISS), potentially impacting data quality of obstructed pixels. The 'FieldOfViewObstruction' metadata field is included in all Version 2 products to indicate possible obstructions: * Before October 24, 2024 (orbits prior to 35724): The field is present but was not populated and does not reliably identify affected scenes. * On or after October 24, 2024 (starting with orbit 35724): The field is populated and generally accurate, except for late December 2024, when a temporary processing error may have caused false positives. * A list of scenes confirmed to be affected by obstructions is available and is recommended for verifying historical data (before October 24, 2024) and scenes from late December 2024. * The ISS native pointing information is coarse relative to ECOSTRESS pixels, so ECOSTRESS geolocation is improved through image matching with a basemap. Metadata in the L1B_GEO file shows the success of this geolocation improvement, using categorizations "best", "good", "suspect", and "poor". We recommend that users use only "best" and "good" scenes for evaluations where geolocation is important (e.g., comparison to field sites). For some scenes, this metadata is not reflected in the higher-level products (e.g., land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, etc.). While this metadata is always available in the geolocation product, to save users additional download, we have produced a summary text file that includes the geolocation quality flags for all scenes from launch to present. At a later date, all higher-level products will reflect the geolocation quality flag correctly (the field name is GeolocationAccuracyQA).

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ221A2 (primary) or VJ121A2 (secondary) data products. The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) 8-day product (VNP21A2) combines the daily VNP21A1D and VNP21A1N products over an 8-day compositing period into a single product. The VNP21A2 dataset is an 8-day composite LST&E product at 1 kilometer resolution that uses an algorithm based on a simple-averaging method. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud-free VNP21A1D and VNP21A1N daily acquisitions from the 8-day period. Unlike the VNP21A1 datasets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the VNP21A2 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate science dataset (SDS) variables within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. The VNP21A2 product is developed synergistically with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST&E Version 6.1 product (MOD21A2) using the same input atmospheric products and algorithmic approach. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VNP21A2 product contains 11 Science Datasets (SDS) variables: LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VNP21A2 granule. Known Issues * Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows. * High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Thermal Anomalies (VJ114) Version 2 product is produced in 6-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths) at 750 meter resolution from the VIIRS sensor located on the NOAA-20 satellite. This product is designed after the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire data products to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. This data product can enable users to understand the location and intensity of fire events as well as identifying thermal anomalies. The VJ114 product includes 31 science dataset variables to analyze key factors in fire detection, including atmospheric conditions (e.g., atmospheric reflectance, solar zenith angle, brightness temperature) and fuel type for the event. The fire mask variable in the VJ114 product is the primary variable and can be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies such as volcanoes. In addition to the fire mask, brightness temperature is provided for VIIRS channels M5, M7, M11, M13, M15, and M16. Each swath of data is approximately 3,060 kilometers along track (long) and 3,060 kilometers across track (wide). The VJ114 product is also used to generate higher-level fire data products. Use of the VJ103MODLL data product is required to apply accurate geolocation information to the VJ114 Science Datasets (SDS). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website and in Section 5.0 “Frequently Asked Questions” of the User Guide.

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ221 (primary) or VJ121 (secondary) data products. The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Version 2 swath product (VNP21) is produced daily in 6-minute temporal increments of satellite acquisition. The VNP21 product uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and emissivity simultaneously for VIIRS thermal infrared bands M14 (8.55 µm), M15 (10.76 µm), and M16 (12 µm) at a spatial resolution of 750 meters. The VNP21 product is developed synergistically with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST&E Version 6.1 product (MOD21) using the same input atmospheric products and algorithmic approach based on the ASTER Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) technique. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 2 (L2) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Provided in the VNP21 product are layers for LST, quality control, emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16, LST&E errors, view angle, ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset (GED), Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV), ocean-land mask, latitude, and longitude. A low-resolution browse image for LST is also available for each VNP21 granule. Known Issues * Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows. * High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination example documentation. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) mission measures the temperature of plants to better understand how much water plants need and how they respond to stress. ECOSTRESS is attached to the International Space Station (ISS) and collects data globally between 52° N and 52° S latitudes. The ECOSTRESS Tiled Evapotranspiration Instantaneous and Daytime L3 Global 70 m (ECO_L3T_JET) Version 3 data product provides instantaneous canopy transpiration, leaf surface evaporation, and soil moisture evaporation using an ensemble model approach. The formulas used for each layer are included in the variable name, which are listed below. This data product is tiled using a modified version of the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), which divides Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zones into square tiles that are 109.8 km by 109.8 km with a 70 meter (m) spatial resolution. The ECO_L3T_JET Version 3 data product is provided in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) format, and each variable is distributed as a separate COG. This product contains 14 variables including Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory Soil Moisture (PT-JPL-SM) Instantaneous (PTJPLSMinst), PT-JPL-SM Daily (PTJPLSMdaily), Surface Temperature Initiated Closure Jet Propulsion Laboratory (STIC-JPL) Instantaneous(STICJPLinst), STIC-JPL Daily (STICJPLdaily), Breathing Earth System Simulator Jet Propulsion Laboratory (BESS-JPL) Daily (BESSJPLdaily), Penman-Monteith Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PM-JPL) Daily (PMJPLdaily), Daily Evapotranspiration (ETdaily), Instantaneous Evapotranspiration Uncertainty (Etuncertainty), PT-JPL-SM Canopy (PTJPLSMcanopy), STIC-JPL Canopy (STICJPLcanopy), PT-JPL-SM Soil (PTJPLSMsoil), PT-JPL-SM Interception (PTJPLSMinterception), cloud mask, and water mask. Known Issues * Solar Array Obstruction: Some ECOSTRESS scenes may be affected by solar array obstructions from the ISS, potentially impacting data quality in obstructed pixels. The 'FieldOfViewObstruction' metadata field is reliably populated and accurate for all products generated on or after October 2024, following fixes to the Product Generation Executive (PGE) docker configuration and updates to the L1A_RAW_PIX software. Prior to October 2024, the field was not reliably populated; a separate list of confirmed affected scenes was maintained and is recommended for verifying historical data. * Historical acquisition gaps and anomalies (2018–2023): Irrecoverable data loss occurred due to Mass Storage Unit (MSU) failures, resulting in permanent gaps in the observational record where no ECOSTRESS data was acquired during the following periods: - September 29, 2018 – December 4, 2018 (primary MSU failure) - March 14, 2019 – May 14, 2019 (secondary MSU failure) - February 17, 2020 (instrument in SAFEHOLD mode) - Other early issues, including band 4 striping (February 8–16, 2020), 3-band mode limitations (May 15, 2019–April 28, 2023), and noisy data periods (e.g., May–July 2025), have been mitigated through reprocessing, firmware updates, and instrument recovery. Version 3 products incorporate these improvements where data exists and are unaffected by ongoing issues, but the permanent historical gaps remain, and caution is advised for time-series analyses spanning affected periods. * Geolocation considerations: While geolocation is improved in Version 3 tiled products (fixed MGRS grid), gridded products may reference legacy "GeolocationAccuracyQA" flags. Use "best" and "good" scenes for applications sensitive to precise positioning.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo white-sky albedo for band M4 (VJ143D70) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. VJ143D54 through VJ143D79 are the albedo products of the VJ143D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D70 is the WSA for VIIRS band M4 (0.555 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) gridded Level 3 product is produced at 1 kilometer pixel resolution at daily intervals. PAR is the incident solar radiation in the visible spectrum (400-700 nanometers) and is a significant variable in land surface models (LSMs), receiving increased attention due to its importance for the management and operation of solar energy systems. The VJ118 algorithm adapts the narrowband look-up table (LUT) approach to estimate PAR. The LUTs consider different types of loadings of aerosols and clouds at a variety of illumination/viewing geometry. The Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) is forthcoming and will provide additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data. Provided in the VJ118A2 product are variables for instantaneous total, direct, and diffuse PAR, as well as 3-hour PAR, daily mean PAR, and a quality variable.

Extreme precipitation: areas where maximum 1-day precipitation is above 50mm on average per year. Pixels with a value higher than the specified threshold (50mm) were given a value of 1 (YES response) Historical climate data are an ensemble of outputs from CMIP6 earth system models for the time period 1981-2010 **Data publication:** 2022-01-26 **Citation:** Citation: Funk, Chris, Pete Peterson, Martin Landsfeld, Diego Pedreros, James Verdin, Shraddhanand Shukla, Gregory Husak, James Rowland, Laura Harrison, Andrew Hoell & Joel Michaelsen. "The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations—a new environmental record for monitoring extremes". Scientific Data 2, 150066. doi:10.1038/sdata.2015.66 2015. **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [OCB Environment](mailto:OCB-Environment-List@fao.org) **Online resources:**

The Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day (MOD11C2) Version 6.1 product provides Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) values in a 0.05 degree (5,600 meters at the equator) latitude/longitude Climate Modeling Grid (CMG). A CMG granule follows a geographic grid with 7,200 columns and 3,600 rows, representing the entire globe. The LST&E values in the MOD11C2 product are derived by compositing and averaging the values from the corresponding eight MOD11C1 daily files. The MOD11C2 granule consists of 17 layers. Each MOD11C2 product consists of the following layers for daytime and nighttime observations: LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and number of clear-sky observations along with percentage of land in the grid and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The VJ119A1 Version 2 data product is a NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF) gridded Level 2 product produced daily at 375 meter (m) and 750 m pixel resolutions using the Rotated Sinusoidal (RSIN) projection. The VJ119A1 product is corrected for atmospheric gases and aerosols using a Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm that is based on a time series analysis and a combination of pixel- and image-based processing. The VIIRS MAIAC Land Surface BRF products provide an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance as it would be measured at ground-level in the absence of atmospheric scattering or absorption. Provided in the VJ119A1 product are variables for surface reflectance, cosines of solar and view zenith angles, relative azimuth, sun azimuth (SAZ), sensor view azimuth (VAZ), scattering angle and glint angle. Volumetric (Fv) and geometric-optics (Fg) kernels of the Ross-Thick Li-Sparce (RTLS) model for the observation geometry are also included. The 750 m surface reflectance variables are produced in cloud-free conditions from bands M1-M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11, whereas the 375 m variables are produced from bands I1-I3. Known Issues * The spatial resolution and projection of this product are listed incorrectly in the VJ119A1 long name. VJ119A1 uses the RSIN projection and is at 375 m and 750 m resolution. The long name should read “VIIRS/JPSS1 Land Surface BRF Daily L2G Global 375m and 750m RSIN Grid V002”. This will be rectified in future versions. * MAIAC Lookup Tables (LUTs) are built assuming pseudo-spherical correction in single scattering which has a reduced accuracy for high sun/view zenith angles. A reduced MAIAC performance is expected at solar zenith angles > 78°. * MAIAC may be missing bright salt pans in several world deserts. In such cases, it may generate a persistent high Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) resulting in missing surface retrievals. * Because of inherent uncertainties of gridding on the coastline, the area of 1-3 pixels from the coastline may contain frequent artifacts in cloud mask (usually over-detection), AOD (higher values) and surface BRF. Users should exercise caution near the coastline as represented by the AOD QA bit 1010 (See Table 5.4 of the User Guide bits 8-11, 1010 -- AOD within +-2 km from the coastline is replaced by nearby AOD). * Atmospheric Correction (AC) over detected snow: as MAIAC does not retrieve AOD over snow, it assumes a low climatology AOD=0.05 globally and 0.02 at high elevations (H>4.2 km). Over north central China, which is often heavily polluted and low AOD assumption can lead to a significant bias, we use AOD averaged over mesoscale area of 150 km using reliable AOD retrievals over snow-free pixels. Such approach does improve quality of AC as compared to low-AOD assumption as judged by the reduced boundaries and color artifacts, but it does not account for the aerosol variability inside 150 km area. * Ice mask is currently unreliable. * Effective as of April 14, 2026, the processing of selected overlapping VIIRS MAIAC tiles within the forward stream has been discontinued to eliminate redundant data. A complete list of the excluded tiles can be found at VIIRS MAIAC Reduced Tiles.

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ219A2 (primary) or VJ119A2 (secondary) data products. The VNP19A2 Version 2 data product is a NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) gridded Level 2 product produced daily at 750 meter (m) pixel using the Rotated Sinusoidal (RSIN) projection. The VNP19A2 product provides the atmospheric properties and view geometry used to calculate the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) Land Surface Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF) or surface reflectance, VNP19A1 product. Provided in the VNP19A2 product are layers for AOD, AOD uncertainty and QA, injection height of smoke plume, AOD outside of glint area, fine mode fraction, and cosines of solar and view zenith angles, relative azimuth, scattering angle, glint angle, and Angstrom Exponent over the ocean. Known Issues * The spatial resolution and projection of this product are listed incorrectly in the VNP19A2 long name. VNP19A2 uses the RSIN projection and is at 750 m resolution. The long name should read “VIIRS/NPP Land Aerosol Optical Depth Daily L2G Global 750m RSIN Grid V002”. This will be rectified in future versions. * MAIAC Lookup Tables (LUTs) are built assuming pseudo-spherical correction in single scattering which has a reduced accuracy for high sun/view zenith angles. A reduced MAIAC performance is expected at solar zenith angles > 78°. * MAIAC may be missing bright salt pans in several world deserts. In such cases, it may generate a persistent high Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) resulting in missing surface retrievals. * Because of inherent uncertainties of gridding on the coastline, the area of 1-3 pixels from the coastline may contain frequent artifacts in cloud mask (usually over-detection), AOD (higher values) and surface BRF. Users should exercise caution near the coastline as represented by the AOD QA bit 1010 (See Table 5.4 of the User Guide bits 8-11, 1010 -- AOD within +-2 km from the coastline is replaced by nearby AOD). * Atmospheric Correction (AC) over detected snow: as MAIAC does not retrieve AOD over snow, it assumes a low climatology AOD=0.05 globally and 0.02 at high elevations (H>4.2 km). Over north-central China, which is often heavily polluted and low AOD assumption can lead to a significant bias, we use AOD averaged over mesoscale area of 150 km using reliable AOD retrievals over snow-free pixels. Such approach does improve quality of AC as compared to low-AOD assumption as judged by the reduced boundaries and color artifacts, but it does not account for the aerosol variability inside 150 km area. * Ice mask is currently unreliable. * Effective as of April 14, 2026, the processing of selected overlapping VIIRS MAIAC tiles within the forward stream has been discontinued to eliminate redundant data. A complete list of the excluded tiles can be found at VIIRS MAIAC Reduced Tiles.

Reference EvapoTranspiration (RET) is defined as the evapotranspiration from a hypothetical reference crop and it simulates the behaviour of a well-watered grass surface. Each pixel represents the daily reference evapotranspiration in mm. The data is provided from January 2009 to 2024. **Data publication:** 2020-01-01 **Supplemental Information:** No data value: 255 Unit: mm (1mm=1l/m² or 1mm=10m³/ha) Conversion factor: the pixel value in the downloaded data must be multiplied by 0.1 **Citation:** FAO 2018. WaPOR Database Methodology: Level 1. Remote Sensing for Water Productivity Technical Report: Methodology Series. Rome, FAO. 72 pages. Licence: CC BY 4.0 IGO **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [WaPOR](mailto:wapor@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [WaPOR](mailto:wapor@fao.org) **Data lineage:** As for Actual EvapoTranspiration, it is derived using the Penman-Monteith equation, with the distinction that most of the variables are predefined. The following data is used to calculate RET: daily incoming solar radiation and weather data (temperature, humidity, wind speed). Data component developed through collaboration with the FRAME Consortium. More information can be found at: http://www.fao.org/in-action/remote-sensing-for-water-productivity/en/ **Resource constraints:** Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 2 Band M2 product (VJ143D05) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D05 is the BRDF volumetric parameter for VIIRS band M2 (0.445 μm). The volumetric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M2. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 Band M3 product (VJ143D07) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D07 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for VIIRS band M3 (0.488 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M3. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

The Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Monthly (MYD11B3) Version 6.1 product provides average monthly per pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) in a 1,200 by 1,200 kilometer (km) tile with a pixel size of 5,600 meters (m). Each LST&E pixel value in the MYD11B3 is a simple average of all the corresponding values from the MYD11B1 collected during the month period. Each MYD11B3 granule consists of 19 layers including daytime and nighttime layers for LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and number of clear sky observations along with percentage of land in the tile and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32. Unique to the MYD11B products are additional day and night LST layers generated from band 31 of the corresponding 1 km MYD11_L2 swath product aggregated to the 6 km grid. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Version 2 swath product (VJ121) is produced daily in 6-minute temporal increments of satellite acquisition. The VJ121 product uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and emissivity simultaneously for VIIRS thermal infrared bands M14 (8.55 µm), M15 (10.76 µm), and M16 (12 µm) at a spatial resolution of 750 meters. The VJ121 product is developed developed synergistically with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST&E Version 6.1 product (MOD21) using the same input atmospheric products and algorithmic approach based on the ASTER Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) technique. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. VIIRS LST&E products are available two months after acquisition due to latency of data inputs. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 2 (L2) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Provided in the VJ121 product are layers for LST, quality control, emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16, LST&E errors, view angle, ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset (GED), Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV), ocean-land mask, latitude, and longitude. A low-resolution browse image for LST is also available for each VJ121 granule. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website and the User Guide.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 3 Band M3 product (VJ143D09) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D09 is the BRDF geometric parameter for VIIRS band M3 (0.488 μm). The geometric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and volumetric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M3. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.

Ocean temperature: areas where the temperature of the sea at surface level is above 25ºC. Pixels with a value higher than the specified threshold (25ºC) were given a value of 1 (YES response) The long-term change in annual ocean temperature is calculated over a 20 year time period, from 2041 to 2060 (mid term), with SSP5-8.5. **Data publication:** 2022-01-26 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas](mailto:ipcc-ddc@ifca.unican.es) Metadata Contact: [OCB Environment](mailto:OCB-Environment-List@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** More information on IPCC data license at: https://interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch/license **Online resources:**

Additional Information Resource Watch shows only a subset of the dataset. For access to the full dataset and additional information, click on the “Learn more” button. Mean wind speed for any location on Earth

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 2 Band M2 product (VJ243D05) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ243D01 through VJ243D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ243D37 through VJ243D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D05 is the BRDF volumetric parameter for VIIRS band M2 (0.445 μm). The volumetric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M2. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 Band M5 product (VJ143D13) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D13 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for VIIRS band M5 (0.672 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M5. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.

The Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day (MYD11B2) Version 6.1 product provides an average 8-day per pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) in a 1,200 by 1,200 kilometer (km) tile with a pixel size of 5,600 meters (m). Each temperature and emissivity pixel value in the MYD11B2 is a simple average of all the corresponding values from the LST&E values from the MYD11B1 product collected during that 8-day period. Each MYD11B2 granule consists of 19 layers including daytime and nighttime layers for LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and number of clear sky observations along with percentage of land in the tile and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32. Unique to the MOD11B products are additional day and night LST layers generated from band 31 of the corresponding 1 km MYD11_L2 swath product aggregated to the 6 km grid. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.