Global climate and weather data

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 3 Shortwave product (VJ143D36) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D36 is the BRDF geometric parameter for VIIRS shortwave broadband (1.61 μm). The geometric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and volumetric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for the VIIRS shortwave broadband. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Black-Sky Albedo for NIR (VJ243D64) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. VJ243D54 through VJ243D79 are the albedo products of the VNP43D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D64 is the BSA for the VIIRS NIR broadband (0.865 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 5-Minute (MYD11_L2) Version 6.1 swath product provides per-pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) with a pixel size of 1,000 meters (m). The product is produced daily in 5-minute temporal increments of satellite acquisition using the generalized split-window algorithm. MYD11_L2 is a Level 2 product which provides the input for the Level 3 products. Provided in each MYD11_L2 file are LST, quality control assessment, error estimates, bands 31 and 32 emissivities, zenith angle of the pixel view, observation time, and the geographic coordinates for every five scan lines and samples. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) 8-day Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VJ121C2) combines the daily VJ121A1D and VJ121A1N products over an 8-day compositing period into a single product. The VJ121C2 dataset is an 8-day composite LST&E product at 0.05 degree (~5,600 meter) resolution that uses an algorithm based on a simple-averaging method and is formatted as a CMG for use in climate simulation models. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud-free VJ121A1D and VJ121A1N daily acquisitions from the 8-day period. Unlike the VJ121A1 datasets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the VJ121C2 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate science dataset (SDS) variables within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VJ121C2 product contains 27 Science Datasets (SDS) variables: LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VJ121C2 granule. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website and the User Guide.

Relative humidity at 12h (local time) at a height of 2 metres above the surface. This variable describes the amount of water vapour present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature. Unit: %. The Relative humidity variable is part of the Agrometeorological indicators dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) through the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The Agrometeorological indicators dataset provides daily surface meteorological data for the period from 1979 to present as input for agriculture and agro-ecological studies. This dataset is based on the hourly ECMWF ERA5 data at surface level and is referred to as AgERA5. References: https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.6c68c9bb The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) aims to combine observations of the climate system with the latest science to develop authoritative, quality-assured information about the past, current and future states of the climate in Europe and worldwide. ECMWF operates the Copernicus Climate Change Service on behalf of the European Union and will bring together expertise from across Europe to deliver the service. **Data publication:** 2021-01-30 **Data revision:** 2021-10-05 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: ECMWF - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Resource Contact: ECMWF Support Portal **Data lineage:** Agrometeorological data were aggregated to daily time steps at the local time zone and corrected towards a finer topography at a 0.1° spatial resolution. The correction to the 0.1° grid was realized by applying grid and variable-specific regression equations to the ERA5 dataset interpolated at 0.1° grid. The equations were trained on ECMWF's operational high-resolution atmospheric model (HRES) at a 0.1° resolution. This way the data is tuned to the finer topography, finer land use pattern and finer land-sea delineation of the ECMWF HRES model. **Resource constraints:** **License Permission** This License is free of charge, worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty free and perpetual. Access to Copernicus Products is given for any purpose in so far as it is lawful, whereas use may include, but is not limited to: reproduction; distribution; communication to the public; adaptation, modification and combination with other data and information; or any combination of the foregoing. Where the Licensee communicates or distributes Copernicus Products to the public, the Licensee shall inform the recipients of the source by using the following or any similar notice: - Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [Year] and/or - Generated using Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information [Year] More information on Copernicus License at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage Download the data from File-Browser Data download from original source

Maximum air temperature at a height of 2 metres above the surface. This dataset provides daily surface meteorological data for the period from 1979 to present as input for agriculture and agro-ecological studies. This dataset is based on the hourly ECMWF ERA5 data at surface level and is referred to as AgERA5. Acquisition and pre-processing of the original ERA5 data is a complex and specialized job. By providing the AgERA5 dataset, users are freed from this work and can directly start with meaningful input for their analyses and modelling. References: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) aims to combine observations of the climate system with the latest science to develop authoritative, quality-assured information about the past, current and future states of the climate in Europe and worldwide. ECMWF operates the Copernicus Climate Change Service on behalf of the European Union and will bring together expertise from across Europe to deliver the service. **Data publication:** 2021-01-30 **Data revision:** 2021-10-05 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: ECMWF - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Resource Contact: ECMWF Support Portal **Data lineage:** Agrometeorological data were aggregated to daily time steps at the local time zone and corrected towards a finer topography at a 0.1° spatial resolution. The correction to the 0.1° grid was realized by applying grid and variable-specific regression equations to the ERA5 dataset interpolated at 0.1° grid. The equations were trained on ECMWF's operational high-resolution atmospheric model (HRES) at a 0.1° resolution. This way the data is tuned to the finer topography, finer land use pattern and finer land-sea delineation of the ECMWF HRES model. **Resource constraints:** **License Permission** This License is free of charge, worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty free and perpetual. Access to Copernicus Products is given for any purpose in so far as it is lawful, whereas use may include, but is not limited to: reproduction; distribution; communication to the public; adaptation, modification and combination with other data and information; or any combination of the foregoing. Where the Licensee communicates or distributes Copernicus Products to the public, the Licensee shall inform the recipients of the source by using the following or any similar notice: - Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [Year] and/or - Generated using Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information [Year] More information on Copernicus License at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage Download the data from File-Browser

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 Band M11 product (VJ243D25) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ243D01 through VJ243D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ243D37 through VJ243D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D25 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for VIIRS band M11 (2.25 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M11. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily (MOD11A1) Version 6.1 product provides daily per-pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) with 1 kilometer (km) spatial resolution in a 1,200 by 1,200 km grid. The pixel temperature value is derived from the MOD11_L2 swath product. Above 30 degrees latitude, some pixels may have multiple observations where the criteria for clear-sky are met. When this occurs, the pixel value is a result of the average of all qualifying observations. Provided along with the daytime and nighttime surface temperature bands are associated quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and clear-sky coverages along with bands 31 and 32 emissivities from land cover types. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ221C1 (primary) or VJ121C1 (secondary) data products. The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VNP21C) is compiled daily from daytime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate products. The L2G process maps the daily VNP21 swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations overlapping a gridded cell for a given day. The VNP21A1 algorithm sorts through all these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all cloud-free observations that have good LST accuracies. The 0.05 degree (5600 m) dataset is derived through resampling the native 750 meter VIIRS resolution in the input product. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VNP21C1 product contains 25 Science Datasets (SDS) variables: LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VNP21C1 granule. Known Issues * Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows. * High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 VIS product (VJ143D28) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D28 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for the VIIRS visible broadband (0.64 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for the VIIRS visible broadband. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

Reference evapotranspiration per year with a spatial resolution of 0.1 degree. Unit: mm year-1. The dataset contains annual values for global land areas, excluding Antarctica, since 1979. The dataset has been prepared according to the FAO Penman - Monteith method as described in FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. The input variables are part of the Agrometeorological indicators dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) through the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The Agrometeorological indicators dataset provides daily surface meteorological data for the period from 1979 to present as input for agriculture and agro-ecological studies. This dataset is based on the hourly ECMWF ERA5 data at surface level and is referred to as AgERA5. References: https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.6c68c9bb The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) aims to combine observations of the climate system with the latest science to develop authoritative, quality-assured information about the past, current and future states of the climate in Europe and worldwide. ECMWF operates the Copernicus Climate Change Service on behalf of the European Union and will bring together expertise from across Europe to deliver the service. **Data publication:** 2021-10-30 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [AQUASTAT](mailto:aquastat@fao.org) Resource Contact: [AQUASTAT](mailto:aquastat@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Copernicus Agrometeorological data were aggregated to daily time steps at the local time zone and corrected towards a finer topography at a 0.1° spatial resolution. The correction to the 0.1° grid was realized by applying grid and variable-specific regression equations to the ERA5 dataset interpolated at 0.1° grid. The equations were trained on ECMWF's operational high-resolution atmospheric model (HRES) at a 0.1° resolution. This way the data is tuned to the finer topography, finer land use pattern and finer land-sea delineation of the ECMWF HRES model. **Resource constraints:** License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International • The dataset contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information [1979-to date]; Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains. More information on License at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage Download the data from File-Browser

Reference evapotranspiration per dekade with a spatial resolution of 0.1 degree. Unit: mm dekad-1. The dataset contains dekadal values for global land areas, excluding Antarctica, since 1979. The dataset has been prepared according to the FAO Penman - Monteith method as described in FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. The input variables are part of the Agrometeorological indicators dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) through the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The Agrometeorological indicators dataset provides daily surface meteorological data for the period from 1979 to present as input for agriculture and agro-ecological studies. This dataset is based on the hourly ECMWF ERA5 data at surface level and is referred to as AgERA5. References: https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.6c68c9bb The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) aims to combine observations of the climate system with the latest science to develop authoritative, quality-assured information about the past, current and future states of the climate in Europe and worldwide. ECMWF operates the Copernicus Climate Change Service on behalf of the European Union and will bring together expertise from across Europe to deliver the service. **Data publication:** 2021-10-30 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [AQUASTAT](mailto:aquastat@fao.org) Resource Contact: [AQUASTAT](mailto:aquastat@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Copernicus Agrometeorological data were aggregated to daily time steps at the local time zone and corrected towards a finer topography at a 0.1° spatial resolution. The correction to the 0.1° grid was realized by applying grid and variable-specific regression equations to the ERA5 dataset interpolated at 0.1° grid. The equations were trained on ECMWF's operational high-resolution atmospheric model (HRES) at a 0.1° resolution. This way the data is tuned to the finer topography, finer land use pattern and finer land-sea delineation of the ECMWF HRES model. **Resource constraints:** License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International • The dataset contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information [1979-to date]; Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains. More information on License at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage Download the data from File-Browser

Relative humidity at 06h (local time) at a height of 2 metres above the surface. This variable describes the amount of water vapour present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature. This dataset provides daily surface meteorological data for the period from 1979 to present as input for agriculture and agro-ecological studies. This dataset is based on the hourly ECMWF ERA5 data at surface level and is referred to as AgERA5. Acquisition and pre-processing of the original ERA5 data is a complex and specialized job. By providing the AgERA5 dataset, users are freed from this work and can directly start with meaningful input for their analyses and modelling. References: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) aims to combine observations of the climate system with the latest science to develop authoritative, quality-assured information about the past, current and future states of the climate in Europe and worldwide. ECMWF operates the Copernicus Climate Change Service on behalf of the European Union and will bring together expertise from across Europe to deliver the service. **Data publication:** 2021-01-30 **Data revision:** 2021-10-05 **Supplemental Information:** No data value: -9999 Unit : % Scale Factor : 1.0 Map code : AGERA5-RH06 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: ECMWF - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Resource Contact: ECMWF Support Portal **Data lineage:** Agrometeorological data were aggregated to daily time steps at the local time zone and corrected towards a finer topography at a 0.1° spatial resolution. The correction to the 0.1° grid was realized by applying grid and variable-specific regression equations to the ERA5 dataset interpolated at 0.1° grid. The equations were trained on ECMWF's operational high-resolution atmospheric model (HRES) at a 0.1° resolution. This way the data is tuned to the finer topography, finer land use pattern and finer land-sea delineation of the ECMWF HRES model. **Resource constraints:** **License Permission** This License is free of charge, worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty free and perpetual. Access to Copernicus Products is given for any purpose in so far as it is lawful, whereas use may include, but is not limited to: reproduction; distribution; communication to the public; adaptation, modification and combination with other data and information; or any combination of the foregoing. Where the Licensee communicates or distributes Copernicus Products to the public, the Licensee shall inform the recipients of the source by using the following or any similar notice: - Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [Year] and/or - Generated using Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information [Year] More information on Copernicus License at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage Download the data from File-Browser

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Black-Sky Albedo for Band VIS (VJ243D63) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. VJ243D54 through VJ243D79 are the albedo products of the VNP43D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D63 is the BSA for the VIIRS visible broadband (0.64 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

Ocean acidification: Areas where pH at surface is below 8.085. Pixels with a value lower than the specified threshold (8.085) were given a value of 1 (YES response) The long-term change in annual ocean acidification is calculated over a 20 year time period, from 2041 to 2060 (mid term), with SSP1-2.6. **Data publication:** 2022-01-26 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas](mailto:ipcc-ddc@ifca.unican.es) Metadata Contact: [OCB Environment](mailto:OCB-Environment-List@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** More information on IPCC data license at: https://interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch/license **Online resources:**

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Valid Observation Band M2 product (VJ143D43) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ143MA2 product. VJ143D40 through VJ143D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D43 contains the valid observation quality layer representing each of the 16 days of the retrieval period for VIIRS band M2. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

Extreme precipitation: areas where the change in the average maximum 1-day precipitation is above 20%. Pixels with a value higher than the specified threshold (20%) were given a value of 1 (YES response) The long-term change in annual precipitation is calculated over a 20 year time period, from 2041 to 2060 (mid term), with SSP5-8.5 **Data publication:** 2022-01-26 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas](mailto:ipcc-ddc@ifca.unican.es) Metadata Contact: [OCB Environment](mailto:OCB-Environment-List@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** More information on IPCC data license at: https://interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch/license **Online resources:**

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 2 VIS product (VJ243D29) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ243D01 through VJ243D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ243D37 through VJ243D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ2MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D29 is the BRDF volumetric parameter for the VIIRS visible broadband (0.64 μm). The volumetric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for the VIIRS visible broadband. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

This climate projection dataset contains global, daily gridded data for the SSP245 2030 scenario to be used in the identification and monitoring of hydroclimatic extremes. The Climate Hazards Center Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate projection dataset (CHC-CMIP6) was developed to support the analysis of climate-related hazards, including extreme heat conditions, over the recent past and in the near-future. Global daily high resolution (0.05°) grids of the Climate Hazards InfraRed Temperature with Stations temperature product form the basis of the 1983–2016 historical record. Large CMIP6 ensembles from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2-4.5 and SSP 5-8.5 scenarios were then used to develop high resolution daily 2030 and 2050 ‘delta’ fields. These deltas were used to perturb the historical observations, thereby generating 0.05° 2030 and 2050 temperature projections. Finally, monthly counts of frequency of extremes for each variable were derived for each time period. Two scenarios were used from CMIP6—Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 2–4.5 and 5–8.537. The SSP245 scenario is based on ‘middle-of-the-road’ projections of development (SSP2). The SSP585 scenario projects rapid fossil fuel development and increased global market integration (SSP5). These are generally considered the most-likely scenario (SSP245) and the high-emissions scenario (SSP585) Given the two projection periods 2025–2035 and 2045–2055, projections for four CMIP6 scenarios (2030_SSP245, 2030_SSP585, 2050_SSP245, 2050_SSP585) were derived. Counts of the number of extreme days per month were calculated for Tmax for the four scenarios. Definitions of extremes for each variable were based on two methods: known thresholds (30°C and 40.6°C) and by calculating pixel-specific breakpoints using the 95th and 99th percentile. 30°C and 40.6°C represent moderate and extreme heat exposure. These were chosen based on documented thresholds for agricultural and human heat stress. For each variable, year, and scenario, the number of days surpassing each variables’ thresholds were calculated. For Tmax for each pixel, the daily 95th and 99th percentiles were calculated using 1983–2016 daily data, resulting in a 95th and 99th percentile value for each variable. For each of these variables, each year (1983–2016), and each of the four scenarios, the number of days for each month were calculated at each pixel that surpass these percentile-defined extreme values. More information can be found in this article in the Nature journal and and in this technical documentation.

This climate projection dataset contains global, daily gridded data for the SSP245 2050 scenario to be used in the identification and monitoring of hydroclimatic extremes. The Climate Hazards Center Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate projection dataset (CHC-CMIP6) was developed to support the analysis of climate-related hazards, including extreme heat conditions, over the recent past and in the near-future. Global daily high resolution (0.05°) grids of the Climate Hazards InfraRed Temperature with Stations temperature product form the basis of the 1983–2016 historical record. Large CMIP6 ensembles from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2-4.5 and SSP 5-8.5 scenarios were then used to develop high resolution daily 2030 and 2050 ‘delta’ fields. These deltas were used to perturb the historical observations, thereby generating 0.05° 2030 and 2050 temperature projections. Finally, monthly counts of frequency of extremes for each variable were derived for each time period. Two scenarios were used from CMIP6—Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 2–4.5 and 5–8.537. The SSP245 scenario is based on ‘middle-of-the-road’ projections of development (SSP2). The SSP585 scenario projects rapid fossil fuel development and increased global market integration (SSP5). These are generally considered the most-likely scenario (SSP245) and the high-emissions scenario (SSP585) Given the two projection periods 2025–2035 and 2045–2055, projections for four CMIP6 scenarios (2030_SSP245, 2030_SSP585, 2050_SSP245, 2050_SSP585) were derived. Counts of the number of extreme days per month were calculated for Tmax for the four scenarios. Definitions of extremes for each variable were based on two methods: known thresholds (30°C and 40.6°C) and by calculating pixel-specific breakpoints using the 95th and 99th percentile. 30°C and 40.6°C represent moderate and extreme heat exposure. These were chosen based on documented thresholds for agricultural and human heat stress. For each variable, year, and scenario, the number of days surpassing each variables’ thresholds were calculated. For Tmax for each pixel, the daily 95th and 99th percentiles were calculated using 1983–2016 daily data, resulting in a 95th and 99th percentile value for each variable. For each of these variables, each year (1983–2016), and each of the four scenarios, the number of days for each month were calculated at each pixel that surpass these percentile-defined extreme values. More information can be found in this article in the Nature journal and and in this technical documentation.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 3 Day-Night Band (DNB) product (VJ143D39) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D39 is the BRDF geometric parameter for the VIIRS DNB (0.7 μm). The geometric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and volumetric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for the VIIRS DNB. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 3 Band M1 product (VJ143D03) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D03 is the BRDF geometric parameter for VIIRS band M1 (0.412 μm). The geometric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and volumetric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M1. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

Precipitation data is delivered on a daily basis. The source of this dataset is CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station) quasi-global rainfall dataset, starting from 1981 up to near present. The value of each pixel represents the daily amount of precipitation expressed in mm (1mm=1l/m² or 1mm=10m³/ha). For details see http://chg.geog.ucsb.edu/data/chirps The data is provided from January 2009 to 2024. **Data publication:** 2020-01-01 **Supplemental Information:** No data value: -9999 Unit: mm (1mm=1l/m² or 1mm=10m³/ha) Map code : L1-PCP-E Scale Factor : 0.1 Conversion factor: the pixel value in the downloaded data must be multiplied by 0.1 New dekadal data layers are released approximately 5 days after the end of a dekad. A higher quality version of the same data layer is uploaded after 6 dekads have passed. This final version of the dekadal dataset has a higher quality because gap filling and interpolation processes, where needed, have been based on more data observations. This implies that other temporal aggregations (monthly, seasonal, annual), and layers that depend on those, are updated as well. Practically this means that a final annual aggregation of the most recent full calendar year can only be produced after the end of February. Likewise, the final monthly aggregation of the most recent calendar months can only be produced 2 full months later. **Citation:** FAO 2018. WaPOR Database Methodology: Level 1. Remote Sensing for Water Productivity Technical Report: Methodology Series. Rome, FAO. 72 pages. Licence: CC BY 4.0 IGO **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [WaPOR](mailto:wapor@fao.org) Resource Contact: [WaPOR](mailto:wapor@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Information on the methodology applied to produce CHIRPS data can be found at http://chg.geog.ucsb.edu/data/chirps.\n\nData component developed through collaboration with the FRAME Consortium. More information can be found at: http://www.fao.org/in-action/remote-sensing-for-water-productivity/en/ **Resource constraints:** Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 3 Band M11 product (VJ243D27) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ243D01 through VJ243D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ243D37 through VJ243D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D27 is the BRDF geometric parameter for VIIRS band M11 (2.25 μm). The geometric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and volumetric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for VIIRS band M11. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 1 Shortwave product (VJ143D34) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ143D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ143D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ143MA1 product is stored in a separate file as VJ143D01 through VJ143D36. In addition to the bands included in VJ143MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VJ143D37 through VJ143D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ143MA1 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ143D34 is the BRDF isotropic parameter for the VIIRS shortwave broadband (1.61 μm). The isotropic parameter, in conjunction with the volumetric and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for the VIIRS shortwave broadband. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website]( https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ218C2 (primary) or VJ118C2 (secondary) data products. The VNP18C2 Version 2 is a NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Level 3 CMG product produced at 0.05 degree pixel resolution at daily intervals. PAR is incident solar radiation in the visible spectrum (400-700 nanometers) and is an important variable in land-surface models that address a variety of scientific and application issues. The VNP18 algorithm adapts the narrowband look-up table (LUT) approach to estimate DSR. The LUTs consider different types of loadings of aerosols and clouds at a variety of illumination/viewing geometry. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VNP18C2 product is aggregated from VNP18A2 files and includes one set of global 3-hour PAR variables and one set of daily mean PAR.

Daily global imagery layer from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), served as map tiles.

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VJ221C) is compiled daily from daytime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate products. The L2G process maps the daily (VJ221) swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations overlapping a gridded cell for a given day. The VJ221A1 algorithm sorts through all these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all cloud-free observations that have good LST accuracies. The 0.05 degree (5600 m) dataset is derived through resampling the native 750 meter VIIRS resolution in the input product. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VJ221C1 product contains 25 variables: LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VJ221C1 granule. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website and in Section 4.0 of the User Guide.

The Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily(MOD11B1) Version 6.1 product provides daily per pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) in a 1,200 by 1,200 kilometer (km) tile with a pixel size of 5,600 meters (m). Each MOD11B1 granule consists of the following layers for daytime and nighttime observations: LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, number of clear-sky observations, and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32 (bands 31 and 32 are daytime only) along with the percentage of land in the tile. Unique to the MOD11B products are additional day and night LST layers generated from band 31 of the corresponding 1 km MOD11_L2 swath product aggregated to the 6 km grid. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

POWER_MONTHLY_METEOROLOGY_LST

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo white-sky albedo for band M1 (VJ243D67) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer. VJ243D54 through VJ243D79 are the albedo products of the VNP43D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D67 is the WSA for VIIRS band M1 (0.412 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Valid Observation Band M8 product (VJ243D48) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VJ243D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the VJ243MA2 product. VJ243D40 through VJ243D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA2 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D48 contains the valid observation quality layer representing each of the 16 days of the retrieval period for VIIRS band M8. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) instrument measures surface mineralogy, targeting the Earth’s arid dust source regions. EMIT is installed on the International Space Station (ISS). EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take measurements of the sunlit regions of interest between ~52° N latitude and ~52° S latitude. An interactive map showing the locations of regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. The EMIT L2A Masks 60 m (EMITL2AMASK) Version 2 data product provides a series of masks to assist in identification of clear and reliable observations of the Earth’s surface in a spatially raw, non-orthocorrected format. Each EMITL2AMASK granule consists of one Network Common Data Format 4 (netCDF-4) file at a spatial resolution of 60 meters (m) along with a corresponding browse image. The data file (EMIT_L2A_MASK) contains eleven mask bands: seven binary flag bands and four data bands. The binary flag bands identify the presence of features including clouds, water, and spacecraft which indicate if a pixel should be excluded from analysis. The data bands contain estimates of aerosol optical depth (AOD), water vapor, probability of cloud presence, and distance to nearest cloud pixel. The netCDF-4 file holds a location group containing a geometric lookup table (GLT) which is an orthorectified image that provides relative x and y reference locations from the raw scene to allow for projection of the data. Along with the GLT layers, the file will also contain latitude, longitude, and elevation variables. The latitude and longitude coordinates are presented using the World Geodetic System 84 (WGS-84) ellipsoid. The elevation data was obtained from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission v3 (SRTM v3) data and is resampled to EMIT’s spatial resolution. Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km nominal at the equator with some at the end of an orbit segment reaching 150 km in length. Known Issues * Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, to January 6, 2023, a power issue resulted in a shutdown of the EMIT sensor. No data were acquired during that time frame.

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Black-Sky Albedo for ShortWave (VNP43D65) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VNP43D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VNP43D product contains just one data layer. VJ243D54 through VJ243D79 are the albedo products of the VNP43D BRDF/Albedo product suite. Black-sky albedo (BSA) and white-sky albedo (WSA) values are provided for the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) along with the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the VJ243MA3 product. In addition to the bands included in VJ243MA3, this product suite includes albedo values for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB). The black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a diffuse component and is a function of solar zenith angle. White-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) is defined as albedo in the absence of a direct component when the diffuse component is isotropic. Details regarding methodology are available on the VJ243MA3 product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VJ243D65 is the BSA for the VIIRS shortwave broadband (1.61 μm). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Monthly(MOD11C3) Version 6.1 product provides monthly Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) values in a 0.05 degree (5,600 meters at the equator) latitude/longitude Climate Modeling Grid (CMG). A CMG granule is a geographic grid with 7,200 columns and 3,600 rows representing the entire globe. The LST&E values in the MOD11C3 product are derived by compositing and averaging the values from the corresponding month of MOD11C1 daily files. Each MOD11C3 product consists of the following layers for daytime and nighttime observations: LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and number of clear-sky observations along with percentage of land in the grid and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.