EMIT L2B Estimated Carbon Dioxide Plume Complexes 60 m V002

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) instrument measures surface mineralogy, targeting the Earth’s arid dust source regions. EMIT is installed on the International Space Station (ISS). EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take measurements of the sunlit regions of interest between ~52° N latitude and ~52° S latitude. An interactive map showing the locations of methane plumes along with metadata, regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. EMIT has demonstrated the capacity to characterize methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) point-source emissions by measuring gas absorption features in the short-wave infrared bands. The EMIT Level 2B Greenhouse Gas (GHG) series of products can be used to identify and quantify point source emissions. The EMIT Level 2B Estimated Methane Plume Complexes (EMITL2BCH4PLM) Version 2 data product provides estimated methane plume complexes in parts per million meter (ppm m) along with uncertainty data. The EMITL2BCH4PLM data product will only be generated where methane plume complexes have been identified. To reduce the risk of false positives, any EMIT Level 2B Methane Enhancement Data (EMITL2BCH4ENH) granules where plume complexes have been identified undergo a manual review (or identification and confirmation) process before being confirmed as a plume complex. For more information on the manual review process, see section 4.2.4 of the EMIT GHG Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Each EMITL2BCH4PLM granule is sized to a specific plume complex but may cross multiple EMITL2BCH4ENH granules. A list of source EMITL2BCH4ENH granules is included in the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) file metadata as well as the GeoJSON file. Each EMITL2BCH4PLM granule contains two files: one COG file at a spatial resolution of 60 meters (m) and one GeoJSON file. The EMITL2BCH4PLM COG file contains a raster image of a methane plume complex extracted from EMITL2BCH4ENH v002 data. The EMITL2BCH4PLM GeoJSON file contains a vector outline of the plume complex, a list of source scenes, coordinates of the maximum enhancement values, emission rate estimate, and the uncertainty of the plume complex. The emission rate estimate will be entered as ‘N/A’ if the plume does not meet criteria that are described in Section 4.2.5 of the ATBD. Known Issues * Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, to January 6, 2023, a power issue resulted in a shutdown of the EMIT sensor. No data were acquired during that time frame.

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) instrument measures surface mineralogy, targeting the Earth’s arid dust source regions. EMIT is installed on the International Space Station. EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take measurements of sunlit regions of interest between 52° N latitude and 52° S latitude. An interactive map showing the regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. In addition to its primary objective described above, EMIT has demonstrated the capacity to characterize methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) point-source emissions by measuring gas absorption features in the shortwave infrared bands. The EMIT Level 2B Carbon Dioxide Enhancement Data (EMITL2BCO2ENH) Version 2 data product is a total vertical column enhancement estimate of carbon dioxide in parts per million meter (ppm m) based on an adaptive matched filter approach. EMITL2BCO2ENH provides per-pixel carbon dioxide enhancement data used to identify carbon dioxide plume complexes, per-pixel carbon dioxide uncertainty due to sensor noise, and per-pixel carbon dioxide sensitivity that can be used to remove bias from the enhancement data. The EMITL2BCO2ENH Version 2 data product includes methane enhancement granules for all captured scenes, regardless of carbon dioxide plume complex identification. Each granule contains three Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) files at a spatial resolution of 60 meters (m): Carbon Dioxide Enhancement (EMIT_L2B_CO2ENH), Carbon Dioxide Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_CO2UNCERT), and Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity (EMIT_L2B_CO2SENS). The EMITL2BCO2ENH COG files contain carbon dioxide enhancement data based primarily on EMITL1BRAD radiance values. Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km, nominal at the equator, with some granules near the end of an orbit segment reaching 150 km in length. Known Issues * Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, through January 6, 2023, a power issue outside of EMIT caused a pause in operations. Due to this shutdown, no data were acquired during that timeframe.

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) instrument measures surface mineralogy, targeting the Earth’s arid dust source regions. EMIT is installed on the International Space Station. EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take measurements of sunlit regions of interest between 52° N latitude and 52° S latitude. An interactive map showing the regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. In addition to its primary objective described above, EMIT has demonstrated the capacity to characterize methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) point-source emissions by measuring gas absorption features in the shortwave infrared bands. The EMIT Level 2B Methane Enhancement Data (EMITL2BCH4ENH) Version 2 data product is a total vertical column enhancement estimate of methane in parts per million meter (ppm m) based on an adaptive matched filter approach. EMITL2BCH4ENH provides per-pixel methane enhancement data used to identify methane plume complexes, per-pixel methane uncertainty due to sensor noise, and per-pixel methane sensitivity that can be used to remove bias from the enhancement data. The EMITL2BCH4ENH Version 2 data product includes methane enhancement granules for all captured scenes, regardless of methane plume complex identification. Each granule contains three Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) files at a spatial resolution of 60 meters (m): Methane Enhancement (EMIT_L2B_CH4ENH), Methane Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_CH4UNCERT), and Methane Sensitivity (EMIT_L2B_CH4SENS). The EMITL2BCH4ENH COG files contain methane enhancement data based primarily on EMITL1BRAD radiance values. Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km, nominal at the equator, with some granules at the end of an orbit segment reaching 150 km in length. Known Issues * Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, through January 6, 2023, a power issue outside of EMIT caused a pause in operations. Due to this shutdown, no data were acquired during that timeframe.

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) is an Earth Ventures-Instrument (EVI-4) Mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS). EMIT’s prime mission was designed to map surface mineralogy of arid dust source regions using imaging spectroscopy in the visible and short-wave infrared (VSWIR) range. EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take mineralogical measurements of sunlit regions of interest between 52° N latitude and 52° S latitude. During the prime mission, the EMIT team focused on using surface reflectance to resolve absorption features of iron oxides, clays, sulfates, carbonates, and other dust-forming minerals in Earth's dust source regions. In the extended mission, EMIT’s core measurements remain the same, but acquisitions expand to sample all regions observable from the ISS orbit, supporting efforts across the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and more. An interactive map showing the regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. The EMIT Level 2A Surface Reflectance and Uncertainty (EMITL2ARFL) Version 2 data product provides surface reflectance data in a spatially raw, non-orthocorrected format. Each EMITL2ARFL granule consists of two Network Common Data Format Version 4 (netCDF-4) files at a spatial resolution of 60 meters (m): Reflectance (EMIT_L2A_RFL) and Reflectance Uncertainty (EMIT_L2A_RFLUNCERT). The Reflectance file contains surface reflectance maps of 285 bands with a spectral range of 381-2493 nanometers (nm) at a spectral resolution of ~7.5 nm. These are all contained within a single science dataset layer/variable. Aerosol optical thickness and water vapor values are also included within their own separate variables. The Reflectance Uncertainty file contains uncertainty estimates captured as per-pixel, per-band, posterior standard deviations. Each netCDF-4 file holds a location group containing geometric lookup tables (GLT) which are orthorectified images that provide relative x- and y-reference locations from the raw scene, enabling projection of the data. In addition to the GLT layers, the file also contains latitude, longitude, and elevation variables. The latitude and longitude coordinates are based on the World Geodetic System 84 (WGS-84) ellipsoid. Elevation data included in each granule are sourced from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) v3 data and resampled to match EMIT’s 60 m spatial resolution. Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km, nominal at the equator, with some reaching approximately 150 km in length at the end of an orbit segment. Known Issues: * Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, through January 6, 2023, a power issue on the ISS caused a pause in EMIT operations. Due to this shutdown, no data were acquired during that timeframe. Outside of this period, regular short-term gaps in coverage are expected depending on the solar and sensor geometry.

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) is an Earth Ventures-Instrument (EVI-4) Mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS). EMIT’s prime mission was designed to map surface mineralogy of arid dust source regions using imaging spectroscopy in the visible and short-wave infrared (VSWIR). EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take mineralogical measurements of sunlit regions of interest between 52° N latitude and 52° S latitude. During the prime mission, the EMIT team focused on using surface reflectance to resolve absorption features of iron oxides, clays, sulfates, carbonates, and other dust-forming minerals in Earth's dust source regions. In the extended mission, EMIT’s core measurements remain the same, but acquisitions expand to sample all regions observable from the ISS orbit, supporting efforts across the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and more. An interactive map showing the regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. The EMIT Level 2B Fractional Cover and Uncertainty (EMITL2BFRCOV) Version 2 data product provides a series of fractional cover estimates, associated uncertainty metrics, and one quality control (QC) flag mask variable. The fractional cover estimates are derived from the EMIT L2A Estimated Surface Reflectance and Uncertainty Version 2 (EMITL2ARFL) data product, while the QC flag mask variable is derived from EMITL2ARFL Version 2, EMIT L2A Masks (EMITL2AMASK) Version 3, and non-EMIT landcover and water body inputs. For more details about inputs used for this data product, see Sections 4.3 and 4.5 of the Algorithm Technical Basis Document (ATBD). Each EMITL2BFRCOV granule consists of seven Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) files at 60 meter (m) spatial resolution: Photosynthetic Vegetation (PV) Fractional Cover (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVPV) and Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVPVUNC), Non-photosynthetic Vegetation (NPV) Fractional Cover (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVNPV) and Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVNPVUNC), Bare Soil Fractional Cover (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVBARE) and Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVBAREUNC), and QC Flags (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVQC). A browse image is also available. Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km, nominal at the equator with some granules at the end of an orbit segment reaching 150 km in length. Known Issues * Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, through January 6, 2023, a power issue outside of EMIT caused a pause in operations. Due to this shutdown, no data were acquired during that timeframe. Outside of this period, regular short-term gaps in coverage are expected depending on the solar and sensor geometry. * Data pixel misidentification: Pixels along cloud edges and in cloud shadows may be incorrectly identified as high NPV pixels. * Missing QC water pixels: Major inland lakes that should be classified as QC water pixels may not be included due to them being absent from an input dataset used in the production of this data product. * QC pixel misidentification: Water, cloud, and snow/ice pixels may be misidentified based on normalized snow difference index, pixel brightness, or pixel shading. * For more information on these topics check the Known Issues Section of the ATBD.

The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) instrument measures surface mineralogy, targeting the Earth’s arid dust source regions. EMIT is installed on the International Space Station (ISS). EMIT uses imaging spectroscopy to take measurements of the sunlit regions of interest between ~52° N latitude and ~52° S latitude. An interactive map showing the locations of regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) EMIT Open Data Portal. The EMIT Level 2B Fractional Cover and Uncertainty (EMITL2BFRCOV) Version 1 data product provides a series of fractional cover estimates, associated uncertainty metrics, and one quality control (QC) flag mask variable. The fractional cover estimates are derived from the EMIT L2A Estimated Surface Reflectance and Uncertainty and Masks (EMITL2ARFL) data product, while the QC flag mask variable is derived from EMITL2ARFL, EMIT L2A Mask (EMITL2AMASK), and non-EMIT landcover and water body inputs. Scenes/granules where cloud cover is greater than 80 percent have been excluded from this collection. For more details about inputs used for this data product, see Sections 4.3 and 4.5 of the Algorithm Technical Basis Document (ATBD). Each EMITL2BFRCOV granule consists of seven Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) files at 60 meter (m) spatial resolution: Photosynthetic Vegetation Fractional Cover (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVPV) and Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVPVUNC), Non-photosynthetic Vegetation Fractional Cover (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVNPV) and Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVNPVUNC), Bare Soil Fractional Cover (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVBARE) and Uncertainty (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVBAREUNC), and QC Flags (EMIT_L2B_FRCOVQC). A browse image is also available. Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km, nominal at the equator with some granules at the end of an orbit segment reaching 150 km in length. Known Issues • Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, to January 6, 2023, a power issue resulted in a shutdown of the EMIT sensor. No data were acquired during that time frame.