Global environment data
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Percent of population exposed to ambient concentrations of PM2.5 that exceed the WHO guideline value is defined as the portion of a country’s population living in places where mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 are greater than 10 micrograms per cubic meter, the guideline value recommended by the World Health Organization as the lower end of the range of concentrations over which adverse health effects due to PM2.5 exposure have been observed.
This dataset includes global soil salinity layers for the years 1986, 1992, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2009 and 2016. The maps were generated with a random forest classifier that was trained using seven soil properties maps, thermal infrared imagery and the ECe point data from the WoSIS database. The validation accuracy of the resulting maps was in the range of 67–70%. The total area of salt affected lands by our assessment is around 1 billion hectares, with a clear increasing trend. Further details are provided in a peer-reviewed journal article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111260). The code and data used to produce the global soil salinity maps can be accessed by registered Google Earth Engine users at https://code.earthengine.google.com/d43e5a92ae1deed32a0929f57b572756.
The PRODES project monitors clear cut deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado biomes, and has produced annual deforestation rates for the region since 1988. The Brazilian government uses these figures to establish public policy, including defining access to credit in the Amazon biome, establishing deforestation reduction goals, and soliciting funds to reduce deforestation. PRODES historically used Landsat 5 images, but now also incorporates imagery from Landsat 7 and 8, CBERS-2, CBERS-2B, Resourcesat-1, and UK2-DMC. PRODES is operated by the National Institute of Space Research (INPE) in collaboration with the Ministry of the Environment (MMA) and the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). Since 2002, all PRODES data is publicly available online. Input images for each of the 220 Landsat footprints that cover the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado are selected based on their lack of cloud cover and their capture date. The PRODES system uses the seasonal year, starting on August 1st, to calculate annual deforestation, so images are selected as near to this date as possible (generally from July, August, and September). From 2003 to 2005, analysts used image transformation to determine the components of vegetation, soil, and shadow using the program SPRING. These components were segmented and classified into the classes of forest, non-forest, deforestation in the target year, previous deforestation, clouds, and water, which are then manually corrected by experts. Starting in 2005, a new methodology was implemented which makes use of the open source TerraAmazon platform. The platform allows the PRODES analysis to be more uniform and can incorporate imagery from a variety of satellites. As before, images are selected to be as cloud free as possible. The images are then masked to exclude non-forest, previous deforestation, and water using the previous year's analysis. Analysts then delineate deforested polygons in the intact forest of the previous year. This data set shows annual deforestation in 2008-2020 in the Nrazilian Legal Amazon. Deforestation monitoring system for the Brazilian Legal Amazon, used by the Brazilian government to establish public policy
FEMA PENDING National Flood Hazard Layers For more information, visit: https://hazards.fema.gov/femaportal/wps/portal/NFHLWMS
For more information on this data product including usage, metadata, mission information, and help resources, please reference PACE Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) March 2024 – present (8 Day Average) - OverviewArcGIS Image Service, WMS, and WCS functionality may be found through the Image Service REST Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/rest/services/GESDISC/PACE_OCI_L3M_PRI/ImageServer
Change of emissions (as %) of current year with respect to emissions in baseline year 1990 emissions of the six greenhouse gases (GHG) covered by the Kyoto Protocol (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphurhexafluoride (SF6)) from the energy, industry, waste, and agriculture sectors, standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values. This measure excludes GHG fluxes caused by Land Use Change Land Use and Forestry (LULUCF), as these fluxes have larger uncertainties. The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5) to combine different GHGs. Negative values indicate that the emission level for that year is lower than the emissions level in 1990.
International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.
https://hazards.fema.gov/femaportal/wps/portal/NFHLWMS FEMA’s National Flood Hazard LayerFEMA provides access to the National Flood Hazard Layer through web mapping services. The National Flood Hazard Layer is a computer database that contains FEMA’s flood hazard map data. The data depict flood hazard information and supporting data used to develop the information. The primary flood hazard classification is indicated in the Flood Hazard Zones layer. The NFHL layers include: Flood hazard zones and labels River Miles Markers Cross-sections and coastal transects and their labels Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) boundaries and case numbers Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) boundaries, labels and effective dates Coastal Barrier Resources System (CBRS) and Otherwise Protected Area (OPA) units Community boundaries and names Levees Hydraulic and flood control structures Profile and coastal transect baselines Limit of Moderate Wave Action(LiMWA)
The National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) is a compilation of GIS data that comprises a nationwide digital Flood Insurance Rate Map. The GIS data and services are designed to provide the user with the ability to determine the flood zone, base flood elevation, and floodway status for a particular location. It also has information about the NFIP communities, map panels, cross sections, hydraulic structures, Coastal Barrier Resource System, and base maps such as road, stream, and public land survey data. Through flood studies, FEMA produces Flood Insurance Study Reports, FIRM Panels, and FIRM Databases. FIRM Databases that become effective are incorporated into the NFHL. Updates to the NFHL are issued through Letters of Map Revision (LOMRs) and Letters of Map Amendment (LOMAs). Continuously updated, the NFHL serves as a Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map representing the current effective flood data for those communities where maps have been digitized. NFHL data can be viewed with widely available GIS software, including freely available programs that work with GIS shapefiles. For more information on the NFHL, see the online resources referenced herein. Using base maps: The minimum horizontal positional accuracy for base map hydrographic and transportation features used with the NFHL is the NSSDA radial accuracy of 38 feet. Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA) point locations are approximate. The location of the LOMA is referenced in the legal description of the letter itself. LOMA points can be viewed in the NFHL Interactive Map on the FEMA GeoPlatform.
Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
Share of companies adopting energy-saving practices to reduce emissions over the past three years.
Forest rents are roundwood harvest times the product of regional prices and a regional rental rate.
Total annual emissions of the six greenhouse gases (GHG) covered by the Kyoto Protocol (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphurhexafluoride (SF6)) from the energy, industry, waste, and agriculture sectors, standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values divided by the economy's population. This measure excludes GHG fluxes caused by Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF), as these fluxes have larger uncertainties.
Net flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the category "Deforestation".
Version 3.1 of the ISRIC-WISE database (WISE3) was compiled from a wide range of soil profile data collected by many soil professionals worldwide. All profiles have been harmonized with respect to the original Legend (1974) and Revised Legend (1988) of FAO-Unesco. Thereby, the primary soil data ─ and any secondary data derived from them ─ can be linked using GIS to the spatial units of the digitized Soil Map of the World as well as more recent digital Soil and Terrain (SOTER) databases through the soil legend code. WISE3 holds selected attribute data for some 10,250 soil profiles, with some 47,800 horizons, from 149 countries. Individual profiles have been sampled, described, and analyzed according to methods and standards in use in the originating countries. There is no uniform set of properties for which all profiles have analytical data, generally because only selected measurements were planned during the original surveys. Methods used for laboratory determinations of specific soil properties vary between laboratories and over time; sometimes, results for the same property cannot be compared directly. WISE3 will inevitably include gaps, being a compilation of legacy soil data derived from traditional soil survey, which can be of a taxonomic, geographic, and soil analytical nature. As a result, the amount of data available for modelling is sometimes much less than expected. Adroit use of the data, however, will permit a wide range of agricultural and environmental applications at a global and continental scale (1:500 000 and broader). Preferred citation: Batjes NH 2009. Harmonized soil profile data for applications at global and continental scales: updates to the WISE database. Soil Use and Management 5:124–127, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2009.00202.x
Provides key information for all profiles (or point data) in WoSIS latest, including soil classification according to specified edition (year) of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB, up to qualifier level); FAO-Unesco Legend (up to soil unit level); USDA Soil Taxonomy (up to subgroup level). WoSIS_latest is a 'dynamic dataset' that contains the most recent complement of quality-assessed and standardised soil data served from WoSIS (ISRIC World Soil Information Service). The source data were shared by a wide range of data providers (see: https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/wosis-contributing-institutions-and-experts). Being dynamic, the contents of 'wosis_latest' will change once new point data are acquired, cleansed and standardised, additional soil properties are considered, and/or when possible amendments are required. Static snapshots of 'wosis_latest' are released at irregular intervals for consistent citation purposes and to discuss methodological changes; the last snapshot is available at https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4735-2024. For general information about WoSIS please see the FAQ-page at https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/faq-wosis.
Gravimetric content of organic matter in the fine earth fraction* (g/kg).* (LOI). WoSIS_latest is a 'dynamic dataset' that contains the most recent complement of quality-assessed and standardised soil data served from WoSIS (ISRIC World Soil Information Service). The source data were shared by a wide range of data providers (see: https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/wosis-contributing-institutions-and-experts). Being dynamic, the contents of 'wosis_latest' will change once new point data are acquired, cleansed and standardised, additional soil properties are considered, and/or when possible amendments are required. Static snapshots of 'wosis_latest' are released at irregular intervals for consistent citation purposes and to discuss methodological changes; the last snapshot is available at https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-14. For general information about WoSIS please see the FAQ-page at https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/faq-wosis.
A measure of annual emissions of the six greenhouse gases (GHG) covered by the Kyoto Protocol (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)) from the energy, industry, waste, agriculture, and land use, land use changes, and forestry (LULUCF) sectors, standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values. The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5).
These two data sets, produced by WWF and RESOLVE, show the location of current tiger habitat and priority areas for habitat conservation. *Tiger Conservation Landscapes: * Tiger Conservation Landscapes (TCLs) are large blocks of contiguous or connected area of suitable tiger habitat that that can support at least five adult tigers and where tiger presence has been confirmed in the past 10 years. The data set was created by mapping tiger distribution, determined by land cover type, forest extent, and prey base, against a human influence index. Areas of high human influence that overlapped with suitable habitat were not considered tiger habitat. *Tx2 Tiger Conservation Landscapes: * This data set displays 29 Tx2 Tiger Conservation Landscapes (Tx2 TCLs), defined areas that could double the wild tiger population through proper conservation and management by 2020. These layers show the location of current tiger habitats, areas of habitat expansion, and critical tiger corridors.
Flood Hazard Mapping is an important part of the U.S. National Flood Insurance Program. The Federal Emergency Management Agency publishes Flood Insurance Rate Maps that show areas where the annual likelihood of a flood is 1% or greater (Special Flood Hazard Areas). Because standard homeowners insurance does not cover flood damage the congress created the National Flood Insurance Program in 1968. In participating communities homeowners and renters are able to by federally-backed flood insurance. Dataset Summary This layer's data represents Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) data. This data is based upon the original vector data from FIRM. These data are important for floodplain management, mitigation, and insurance activities for the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) data present the flood risk information depicted on the FIRM in a digital format suitable for use in electronic mapping applications. The NFHL database is a subset of the information created for the Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) and serves as a means to archive a portion of the information collected during the FIS. The NFHL data incorporates Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) databases published by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This layer initially shows the flood zones by FEMA Flood Zone Designations with this symbology: The layer covers the continental U.S. Link to source metadata (Metadata is specific to each locale.) What can you do with this layer? The vector features for this layer can be used for visualization and analysis in ArcGIS. The features in this layer are only visible at scales larger than 1:1,155,582. The features can also be downloaded for use with ArcGIS desktop by with the Extract Landscape Source Data tool. This layer is part of a larger collection of landscape layers that you can use to perform a wide variety of mapping and analysis tasks. This collection includes a raster layer that was derived from this data representing the locations of wetlands. Important Note: This layer is available for users with an ArcGIS Organizational subscription. To access this layer, you'll need to sign in with an account that is a member of an organizational subscription. If you don't have an organizational subscription, you can create a new account and then sign up for a 30 day trial of ArcGIS Online. This service is currently in beta. For more information, see the Landscape Layers group on ArcGIS Online.
Derived available soil water capacity (volumetric fraction) with FC = pF 2.0 at 7 standard depths predicted using the global compilation of soil ground observations. Accuracy assessement of the maps is availble in Hengl et at. (2017) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169748. Data provided as GeoTIFFs with internal compression (co='COMPRESS=DEFLATE'). Measurement units: v%.
This map service represents Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) data important for floodplain management, mitigation, and insurance activities for the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) data present the flood risk information depicted on the FIRM in a digital format suitable for use in electronic mapping applications.
Soil pH x 10 in H2O at 6 standard depths (to convert to pH values divide by 10). Predictions were derived using a digital soil mapping approach based on Quantile Random Forest, drawing on a global compilation of soil profile data and environmental layers. This map is the result of resampling the mean SoilGrids 250 m predictions (Poggio et al. 2021) for each 5000 m cell.
Soil moisture content by weight, at tension 500 kPa (pF 3.7) (g/100g). WoSIS_latest is a 'dynamic dataset' that contains the most recent complement of quality-assessed and standardised soil data served from WoSIS (ISRIC World Soil Information Service). The source data were shared by a wide range of data providers (see: https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/wosis-contributing-institutions-and-experts). Being dynamic, the contents of 'wosis_latest' will change once new point data are acquired, cleansed and standardised, additional soil properties are considered, and/or when possible amendments are required. Static snapshots of 'wosis_latest' are released at irregular intervals for consistent citation purposes and to discuss methodological changes; the last snapshot is available at https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4735-2024. For general information about WoSIS please see the FAQ-page at https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/faq-wosis.
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity in soils, defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the activity of hydronium ions (H+) in a NaF solution, as specified in the analytical method descriptions. WoSIS_latest is a 'dynamic dataset' that contains the most recent complement of quality-assessed and standardised soil data served from WoSIS (ISRIC World Soil Information Service). The source data were shared by a wide range of data providers (see: https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/wosis-contributing-institutions-and-experts). Being dynamic, the contents of 'wosis_latest' will change once new point data are acquired, cleansed and standardised, additional soil properties are considered, and/or when possible amendments are required. Static snapshots of 'wosis_latest' are released at irregular intervals for consistent citation purposes and to discuss methodological changes; the last snapshot is available at https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4735-2024. For general information about WoSIS please see the FAQ-page at https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/faq-wosis.
Ability of a 1:5 soil water extract to conduct electrical current (dS/m). WoSIS_latest is a 'dynamic dataset' that contains the most recent complement of quality-assessed and standardised soil data served from WoSIS (ISRIC World Soil Information Service). The source data were shared by a wide range of data providers (see: https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/wosis-contributing-institutions-and-experts). Being dynamic, the contents of 'wosis_latest' will change once new point data are acquired, cleansed and standardised, additional soil properties are considered, and/or when possible amendments are required. Static snapshots of 'wosis_latest' are released at irregular intervals for consistent citation purposes and to discuss methodological changes; the last snapshot is available at hhttps://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4735-2024. For general information about WoSIS please see the FAQ-page at https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/faq-wosis.
LIVE view of federal flood hazard data - developed and hosted by FEMA