Sentinel-2 Night-Time Acquisitions

The Sentinel-2 Level-2A Collection 1 product provides orthorectified Surface Reflectance (Bottom-Of-Atmosphere: BOA), with sub-pixel multispectral and multitemporal registration accuracy. Scene Classification (including Clouds and Cloud Shadows), AOT (Aerosol Optical Thickness) and WV (Water Vapour) maps are included in the product.

The Sentinel-2 Level-2A Collection 1 product provides orthorectified Surface Reflectance (Bottom-Of-Atmosphere: BOA), with sub-pixel multispectral and multitemporal registration accuracy. Scene Classification (including Clouds and Cloud Shadows), AOT (Aerosol Optical Thickness) and WV (Water Vapour) maps are included in the product.

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from the Copernicus Contributing Missions (CCM) provide high-resolution radar imagery, unaffected by weather conditions or daylight. These datasets support Copernicus services in land and marine monitoring, change detection, emergency management, and geophysical observation. With its all-weather, day-and-night imaging capability, SAR is a vital source of spatial information for operational applications.

The mosaics have four bands of data (Red (B04), Green (B03), Blue (B02) and wide band Near Infrared (B08)). First, cloud masking based on the scene classification layer of the Sentinel-2 level 2 algorithm was applied, then for each pixel and band, within three-month time periods, the first quartile of the distribution of the pixel values was taken as the output value to filter out any bright pixels misclassified as not clouds. If there are no valid pixels for the given timeframe, the pixel is left empty. Sentinel-2 cloudless mosaics can be used for various purposes such as land cover classification, land use planning, or for the creation of basemaps. These images are especially useful for showing large and cloudy areas with interesting large-scale patterns. Iceland is a prime example, with frequent cloud cover and large areal extent spanning several Sentinel-2 swaths.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 NO2 products, which contains high-resolution imagery of nitrogen dioxide concentrations.

The Level-1C product is composed of 110x110 km2 tiles (ortho-images in UTM/WGS84 projection). Earth is subdivided on a predefined set of tiles, defined in UTM/WGS84 projection and using a 100 km step. However, each tile has a surface of 110x110 km² in order to provide large overlap with the neighbouring. The Level-1C product results from using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to project the image in cartographic geometry. Per-pixel radiometric measurements are provided in Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectances along with the parameters to transform them into radiances.