VIIRS/NPP Thermal Anomalies/Fire 6-Min L2 Swath 750m V002

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ214IMG (primary) or VJ114IMG (secondary) data products. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Active Fires (VNP14IMG) Version 2 product is produced in 6-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths) at 375 meter resolution from the VIIRS sensor aboard the NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. This Level 2 product is designed after the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire data products to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. This data product can enable users to understand the location and intensity of fire events. Due to its higher spatial resolution, the VNP14IMG active fire product provides greater response over fires of relatively small areas, as well as improved mapping of large fire perimeters in comparison to the VNP14 fire data product. The VNP14IMG product includes 25 science dataset variables to analyze key factors in fire detection, including atmospheric conditions (e.g., radiance, solar zenith angle, brightness temperature) and fuel type for the event. The fire mask variable in the VNP14IMG product is the primary variable and can be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies such as volcanoes. Each swath of data is approximately 3,060 kilometers along track (long) and 3,060 kilometers across track (wide). The VNP14IMG product is also used to generate higher-level fire data products. Use of the (VNP03MODLL) data product is required to apply accurate geolocation information to the VNP14IMG Science Datasets (SDS) / Variables. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Thermal Anomalies (VJ214) Version 2 product is produced in 6-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths) at 750 meter resolution from the VIIRS sensor located on the NOAA-21 satellite. This product is designed after the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire data products to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. This data product can enable users to understand the location and intensity of fire events as well as identifying thermal anomalies. The VJ214 product includes 31 Science Dataset (SDS) variables to analyze key factors in fire detection, including atmospheric conditions (e.g., atmospheric reflectance, solar zenith angle, brightness temperature) and fuel type for the event. The fire mask variable in the VJ214 product is the primary variable and can be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies such as volcanoes. In addition to the fire mask, brightness temperature is provided for VIIRS channels M5, M7, M11, M13, M15, and M16. Each swath of data is approximately 3,060 kilometers along track (long) and 3,060 kilometers across track (wide). The VJ214 product is also used to generate higher-level fire data products. Use of the VJ203MODLL data product is required to apply accurate geolocation information to the VJ214 SDS. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Thermal Anomalies (VJ114) Version 2 product is produced in 6-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths) at 750 meter resolution from the VIIRS sensor located on the NOAA-20 satellite. This product is designed after the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire data products to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. This data product can enable users to understand the location and intensity of fire events as well as identifying thermal anomalies. The VJ114 product includes 31 science dataset variables to analyze key factors in fire detection, including atmospheric conditions (e.g., atmospheric reflectance, solar zenith angle, brightness temperature) and fuel type for the event. The fire mask variable in the VJ114 product is the primary variable and can be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies such as volcanoes. In addition to the fire mask, brightness temperature is provided for VIIRS channels M5, M7, M11, M13, M15, and M16. Each swath of data is approximately 3,060 kilometers along track (long) and 3,060 kilometers across track (wide). The VJ114 product is also used to generate higher-level fire data products. Use of the VJ103MODLL data product is required to apply accurate geolocation information to the VJ114 Science Datasets (SDS). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website and in Section 5.0 “Frequently Asked Questions” of the User Guide.

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Active Fires (VJ214IMG) Version 2 product is produced in 6-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths) at 375 meter resolution from the VIIRS sensor located on the NOAA-21 satellite. This product is designed after the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire data products to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. This data product can enable users to understand the location and intensity of fire events as well as identifying thermal anomalies. The VJ214IMG product includes 26 Science Dataset (SDS) variables to analyze key factors in fire detection, including atmospheric conditions (e.g., atmospheric reflectance, solar zenith angle, brightness temperature) and fuel type for the event. The fire mask variable in the VJ214IMG product is the primary variable and can be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies such as volcanoes. In addition to the fire mask, brightness temperature is provided for VIIRS channels M5, M7, M11, M13, M15, and M16. Each swath of data is approximately 3,060 kilometers along track (long) and 3,060 kilometers across track (wide). The VJ214IMG product is also used to generate higher-level fire data products. Use of the VJ203MODLL data product is required to apply accurate geolocation information to the VNP14IMG Science Datasets (SDS). Known Issues * The long name should read "VIIRS/JPSS2 Thermal Anomalies/Fire 6-Min L2 Swath 375m V002". This should be rectified in future versions. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ147MOD data product. The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) FIre Light Detection Algorithm-2 (FILDA-2) Modified Combustion Efficiency (MCE) swath product (VNP47MOD) is produced in 6-minute orbit segments at 750 meter (m) resolution. The VNP47MOD product takes advantage of the rich information that visible band observation conveys at night to assess fire combustion efficiency and enhance fire detection. It also utilizes improvements made in fire detection algorithms to detect smaller and cooler fires. The VNP47MOD product includes 85 variables containing fire detection and retrievals of Radiative Power (FRP), fire Visible Energy Fraction (VEF), and Modified Combustion Efficiency (MCE). Known Issues * Known issues can be found in Section 5 of the User Guide. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ221 (primary) or VJ121 (secondary) data products. The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Version 2 swath product (VNP21) is produced daily in 6-minute temporal increments of satellite acquisition. The VNP21 product uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and emissivity simultaneously for VIIRS thermal infrared bands M14 (8.55 µm), M15 (10.76 µm), and M16 (12 µm) at a spatial resolution of 750 meters. The VNP21 product is developed synergistically with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST&E Version 6.1 product (MOD21) using the same input atmospheric products and algorithmic approach based on the ASTER Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) technique. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 2 (L2) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Provided in the VNP21 product are layers for LST, quality control, emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16, LST&E errors, view angle, ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset (GED), Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV), ocean-land mask, latitude, and longitude. A low-resolution browse image for LST is also available for each VNP21 granule. Known Issues * Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows. * High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination example documentation. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.