Global imagery and land cover data

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 O3 TCL products, which contains high-resolution imagery of tropospheric ozone concentrations.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 O3 TCL products, which contains high-resolution imagery of tropospheric ozone concentrations.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 O3 products, which contains high-resolution imagery of total column ozone concentrations.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 O3 products, which contains high-resolution imagery of total column ozone concentrations.

Time series of annual global maps of land use and land cover (LULC). It currently has data from 2017-2023. The maps are derived from ESA Sentinel-2 imagery at 10m resolution. Each map is a composite of LULC predictions for 9 classes throughout the year in order to generate a representative snapshot of each year. This dataset, produced by Impact Observatory, Microsoft, and Esri, displays a global map of land use and land cover (LULC) derived from ESA Sentinel-2 imagery at 10 meter resolution for the years 2017 - 2023. Each map is a composite of LULC predictions for 9 classes throughout the year in order to generate a representative snapshot of each year. This dataset was generated by Impact Observatory, which used billions of human-labeled pixels (curated by the National Geographic Society) to train a deep learning model for land classification. Each global map was produced by applying this model to the Sentinel-2 annual scene collections from the Mircosoft Planetary Computer. Each of the maps has an assessed average accuracy of over 75%. These maps have been improved from Impact Observatory’s previous release and provide a relative reduction in the amount of anomalous change between classes, particularly between “Bare” and any of the vegetative classes “Trees,” “Crops,” “Flooded Vegetation,” and “Rangeland”. This updated time series of annual global maps is also re-aligned to match the ESA UTM tiling grid for Sentinel-2 imagery. All years are available under a Creative Commons BY-4.0.

This collection provides Sentinel-3 OLCI Level-2 Water Reduced Resolution products containing data on water-leaving reflectance, ocean color, and more.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 NO2 products, which contains high-resolution imagery of nitrogen dioxide concentrations.

satellite imagery by Luka Koens, acquired 2026-01-23 to 2026-01-24, 1.0 cm per pixel, published on OpenAerialMap.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-1 RA BD7 products, which contains Earth radiance spectra for spectral band 7.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-1 RA BD3 products, which contains Earth radiance spectra for spectral band 3.

Raster surface disturbance map derived from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) data for Hurricane Helene, produced by the OPERA and ARIA teams. Covers North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Published by patrick_rea.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-1 RA BD6 products, which contains Earth radiance spectra for spectral band 6.

The Sentinel-6 AMR-C Short Time Critical (STC) product provides medium-latency, calibrated brightness temperature measurements, used to derive wet tropospheric path delay corrections with improved accuracy. Data are organised by full orbital passes and delivered within 36 hours of acquisition. The product supports ocean modelling and data assimilation workflows, and is provided in NetCDF format.

This Collection provides the Sentinel-3 Synergy Level-2 1-Day Surface Reflectance and NDVI products, which are SPOT VEGETATION Continuity Products similar to those obtained from the VEGETATION instrument onboard the SPOT-4 and SPOT-5 satellites.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-1 RA products, which contains Earth radiance spectra for spectral bands 1 to 8.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 HCHO products, which contains high-resolution imagery of atmospheric formaldehyde concentrations.

uav imagery by Croix-Rouge Malagasy, acquired 2026-06-19 to 2026-06-19, 10.0 cm per pixel, published on OpenAerialMap.

OverviewTerrestrial Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). NDVI is calculated as (Rnir-Rred)/(Rnir+Rred), where Rnir is a near infrared spectral band and Rred is a red spectral band. PACE NDVI is processed to be similar to MODerate resolution Imaging Spectraradiometer (MODIS) NDVI data by using an average of OCI bands between 841 and 877 nanometers (nm) for the Rnir band and between 620 and 671 nm for the Rred band. See Mathematical Theory section of the Caplan et al. 2025 algorithm documentation for equation details. Data provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of 0.02 degrees, which equates to approximately 2 kilometers (km) at the equator. Data has been corrected for atmospheric scattering and absorption. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of water, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) A measure of the “greenness" of terrestrial vegetation, describes plant health and abundance. NDVI is unitless, ranging from -1 to 1. Spatial resolution 2 km2 Level-3, mapped to standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE NDVI products that are available at this link from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Earthdata account required. Each NetCDF file includes all 10 PACE vegetation indexes, including NDVI. Data Version Version 3.1 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.1 Release Notes for details. Latency ~1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Lower latency “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE NDVI products are available daily from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Latency is typically Earthdata account required. Each NetCDF file includes all 10 PACE vegetation indexes, including NDVI. Intended Use: What can I do with this layer? NDVI has been used for decades describe seasonal and annual changes over time (Huang et al., 2021). In this way you can utilize NDVI to monitor vegetation amounts, changes in vegetation cover (e.g. post-fire recovery, deforestation), as a proxy of health, among others. The time (8 day average) and space (2km2) resolution of this data layer enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at local to global scales.   Limitations of Use: What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: This is a Level 3, globally-binned product from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG). By default, OBPG Level 3 data values are masked (value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. Please see Level 3 Algorithm Usage Constraints from the Caplan et al. 2025 algorithm documentation for masking parameter details.   Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied.     Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more.   Terrestrial Remote Sensing from an Ocean Color Sensor? Designed and optimized to operate across a broad dynamic range, from the dark target of the ocean to bright, highly reflective cloud tops, PACE’s OCI also collects surface reflectance data from the world's terrestrial environments across 122 bands, resolving spectral properties of the Earth more finely than previous multispectral missions could achieve. Work thus far has demonstrated viability of OCI’s land data products for terrestrial investigations (e.g. Caplan and Huemmrich 2025; Huemmrich et al. 2025). OCI’s coverage and capabilities enable provision of both novel, hyperspectral-enabled land observations as well as maintenance and extension of certain historical multispectral data records. Advanced vegetation indexes (VIs) enabled by OCI’s narrow-wavelength surface reflectance measurements provide continuous, synoptic insights into foliar pigment amounts (chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins), water content, and photosynthetic light use efficiency across the globe each day. Heritage VIs (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI; reviewed in Huang et al. 2021) can also be calculated by aggregating (averaging) OCI’s narrow bandwidths across ranges that approximate the multi-spectral, broadband reflectances of instruments such as MODIS, see the Mathematical Theory section of the Caplan et al. 2025 algorithm documentation for details. See the full list of heritage and hyperspectral-enabled VIs produced by PACE here.   What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. The Level 3, 122-band hyperspectral surface reflectance data (SFREFL) used to derive all VIs is available from NASA Earthdata to download at 2 kilometer resolution in NetCDF format. To learn more about obtaining PACE data from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find your product(s) of interest in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. To learn about using Earthdata Search to narrow your data product selection, watch this tutorial. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission?   Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here.   References: Caplan, S., Bailey, S., and Franz, B., authors. (2025) Algorithm theoretical basis document: PACE OCI Vegetation Indices (LANDVI), Version 1.0. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Lab. https://doi.org/10.5067/8L77O0Y8GHV8 Caplan, S. and Huemmrich, K. F. (2025) Unveiling PACE OCI’s hyperspectral terrestrial data products. Remote Sensing Letters, 16(4), 422–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2025.2470905 Huemmrich, K.F., et al. (2025) Determining Terrestrial Ecosystem Gross Primary Productivity From PACE OCI. IEEE Geosci. & Rem. Sens. Lett., 22, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2025.3587584 Huang, S., Tang, L., Hupy, J. P., Wang, Y. and Shao, G. (2021) A commentary review on the use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the era of popular remote sensing. Journal of Forestry Research, 32(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01155-1 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1

This Collection provides Sentinel-3 SRAL Level-2 Land Altimetry Land Ice products, which contains surface topography estimations of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.

This Collection provides Sentinel-3 SRAL Level-1B products, which contains geo-located and fully calibrated multi-looked High Resolution power echoes.

OverviewTerrestrial Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). PRI is a normalized difference ratio of two narrow visible wavelengths expressed as: (R531 – R570)/(R531 + R570), where R531 is the reflectance at 531 nanometers (nm), the band sensitive to the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments, and R570 is a reference band at 570 nm (Grace et al. 2007, Coops et al. 2010). Data provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of 0.02 degrees, which equates to ~2 kilometers (km) at the equator. Data has been corrected for atmospheric scattering and absorption. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of water, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) Measure of terrestrial foliar photosynthetic light use efficiency. PRI is unitless. Spatial resolution 2 km2 Level-3, mapped to a standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE PRI products available here from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Earthdata account required. Each NetCDF file includes all 10 PACE vegetation indexes, including PRI. Data Version Version 3.1 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.1 Release Notes for details. Latency ~1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Daily, “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE PRI products with less than approximately 24-48 hour latency available here from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Earthdata account required. Each NetCDF file includes all 10 PACE vegetation indexes, including PRI. Intended Use: What can I do with this layer? PRI has been related to foliage or ecosystem photosynthetic light use efficiency (LUE). Its response is driven by leaf-level reflectance changes associated with changes in pigment pools in response to stresses although it can also be affected by changes in leaf area (Grace et al. 2007, Coops et al. 2010). The time (8 day average) and space (2 km2) resolution of this data layer enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at local to global scales.   Limitations of Use: What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: This is a Level 3, globally-binned product from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG). By default, OBPG Level 3 data values are masked (value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. Please see Level 3 Algorithm Usage Constraints for masking parameter details. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. https://doi.org/10.5067/8L77O0Y8GHV8.   Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied.     Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more.   Terrestrial Remote Sensing from an Ocean Color Sensor? Designed and optimized to operate across a broad dynamic range, from the dark target of the ocean to bright, highly reflective cloud tops, PACE’s OCI also collects surface reflectance data from the world's terrestrial environments across 122 bands, resolving spectral properties of the Earth more finely than previous multispectral missions could achieve. Work thus far has demonstrated viability of OCI’s land data products for terrestrial investigations (Caplan et al. 2025). OCI’s coverage and capabilities enable provision of both novel, hyperspectral-enabled land observations as well as maintenance and extension of certain historical multispectral data records. Advanced vegetation indexes (VIs) enabled by OCI’s narrow-wavelength surface reflectance measurements provide continuous, synoptic insights into foliar pigment amounts (chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins), water content, and photosynthetic light use efficiency across the globe each day. Heritage VIs (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI; reviewed in Huang et al. 2021) can also be calculated by aggregating (averaging) OCI’s narrow bandwidths across ranges that approximate the multi-spectral, broadband reflectances of instruments such as MODIS, see the Mathematical Theory section of the ATBD for details. See the full list of heritage and hyperspectral-enabled VIs produced by PACE here.   What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. The Level 3, 122-band hyperspectral surface reflectance data (SFREFL) used to derive all VIs is available from NASA Earthdata to download at 2 kilometer resolution in NetCDF format. To access PACE mission data products available from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which PACE product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find PACE products in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. To learn about using Earthdata Search to find data, watch this tutorial.   How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission?   Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here.   References: Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: https://doi.org/10.5067/8L77O0Y8GHV8 Caplan, S. and Huemmrich, K. F. (2025) Unveiling PACE OCI’s hyperspectral terrestrial data products. Remote Sensing Letters, 16(4), 422–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2025.2470905 Coops, N. C., Hilker, T., Hall, F.G., Nichol, C.J., and Drolet, G. G. (2010) Estimation of light-use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems from space: a status report. BioScience 60 (10): 788–797. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.10.5 Grace, J.,Nichol, C., Disney, M., Lewis, P., Quaife, T., and Bowyer, P. (2007) Can we measure terrestrial photosynthesis from space directly, using spectral reflectance and fluorescence? Global Change Biology, 13(7): 1484–1497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01352.x Huang, S., Tang, L., Hupy, J. P., Wang, Y. and Shao, G. (2021) A commentary review on the use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the era of popular remote sensing. Journal of Forestry Research, 32(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01155-1 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1

Level 1 operational land imager (OLI) data from Landat 8 and Landsat 9.

uav imagery by Shaun Lee, acquired 2025-12-14 to 2025-12-14, 1.1 cm per pixel, published on OpenAerialMap.

The Sentinel-6 P4 Level 2 Near Real-Time (NRT) product provides low-latency, operational-quality ocean surface data, including sea surface height, wind speed, and wave height measurements. The data are segmented into 10-minute granules per ground station pass and are delivered within three hours of acquisition. The product is optimized for use by meteorological and oceanographic agencies and is provided in NetCDF and BUFR formats.

This Collection provides Sentinel-3 SRAL Level-2 Land Altimetry products, which contains data on land radar altimetry measurements. Each product contains three NetCDF files.

The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission was conceived as a daytime-only imaging mission, focusing on land and coastal waters with high spatial resolution across visible, near-infrared, and shortwave-infrared spectral bands. As part of Sentinel-2 Next Generation mission preparation, ESA is investigating the potential for night-time acquisitions, focusing on specific regions and limited revisit scenarios. To assess this capability, an experimental night imaging campaign was conducted in December 2025 over two orbital cycles. The campaign targeted selected regions identified from user requests and mission analysis, including oil and gas facilities, urban and industrial areas, and maritime zones. More information: https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/news/2026-6-3-copernicus-sentinel-2-night-time-campaign-dataset

This Collection provides Sentinel-3 SRAL Level-2 Land Altimetry Land Ice products, which contains surface topography estimations of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 SO2 products, which contains high-resolution imagery of atmospheric sulfur dioxide concentrations.

This Collection provides the Sentinel-3 Synergy Level-2 Top of Atmosphere Reflectance product, which is a SPOT VEGETATION Continuity Product containing measurement data similar to that obtained by the VEGETATION instrument onboad the SPOT-3 and SPOT-4 satellites.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 Cloud products, which contains high-resolution imagery of cloud parameters.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 NP BD6 products, which contains information on cloud and scene homogeneity.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-1 RA products, which contains Earth radiance spectra for spectral bands 1 to 8.

This Collection provides the Sentinel-3 Synergy Level-2 Top of Atmosphere Reflectance product, which is a SPOT VEGETATION Continuity Product containing measurement data similar to that obtained by the VEGETATION instrument onboad the SPOT-3 and SPOT-4 satellites.

This Collection provides the Sentinel-3 Synergy Level-2 1-Day Surface Reflectance and NDVI products, which are SPOT VEGETATION Continuity Products similar to those obtained from the VEGETATION instrument onboard the SPOT-4 and SPOT-5 satellites.

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-2 SO2 products, which contains high-resolution imagery of atmospheric sulfur dioxide concentrations.

The Copernicus Sentinel-3 SLSTR RBT products provide global brightness temperatures and radiances with a spatial resolution of 500 meters for reflectance bands and 1 kilometer for thermal infrared bands, useful for environmental monitoring and climate studies.