Global imagery and land cover data

uav imagery by WebODM, acquired 2026-01-03 to 2026-01-03, 5.1 cm per pixel, published on OpenAerialMap.

This dataset is a raster format GeoTIFF representing the percentage of density in each pixel of bare soil. It is part of the Global Land Cover-SHARE (GLC-SHARE) database at the global level created by FAO, Land and Water Division in partnership and with contribution from various partners and institutions. The bare soil dataset includes any geographic area dominated by natural abiotic surfaces (bare soil, sand, rocks, etc.) where the natural vegetation is absent or almost absent (covers less than 2%). The class includes areas regularly flooded by inland water (lake shores, river banks, salt flats etc.). It excludes coastal areas affected by the tidal movement of salt water. **Data creation:** 2026-07-14 **Supplemental Information:** GLC-SHARE provides a set of major thematic land cover layers resulting by a combination of "best available" high resolution national, regional and/or sub-national land cover databases with the weighted average land cover information derived from large-scale available datasets. The database is produced with a resolution of 30 arc second (1km). The approach implemented is based on the utilization of the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) and SEEA (System of Environmental-Economic Accounting) legend systems for the harmonization of the various global, regional and national land cover legends. The major benefit of the GLC-SHARE product is its capacity to preserve the existing and available high resolution land cover information at the regional and country level obtained by spatial and multi-temporal source data, integrating them with the best synthesis of global datasets. Preliminary validation campaign was performed using 1000 random points statistically distributed over each land cover classes. The database is distributed in the following eleven layers, in raster format (GeoTIFF ), whose pixel values represent the percentage of density coverage in each pixel of the land cover type. The dominant layer, representing the value of the dominant land cover type, is also available along with a legend in LYR ESRI format. Finally, information on each layer's source is retrievable in sources layer, by joining the raster values with an Excel table. 01-Artificial Surfaces 02-CropLand 03-Grassland 04-Tree Covered Area 05-Shrubs Covered Area 06-Herbaceous vegetation, aquatic or regularly flooded 07-Mangroves 08-Sparse vegetation 09-BareSoil 10-Snow and glaciers 11-Waterbodies **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO GIS Manager](mailto:GIS-Manager@fao.org) Resource Contact: Land and Water Officer FAO-NRL **Data lineage:** The land cover database is validated only using the high resolution remote sensing imagery present in Google Earth. **Resource constraints:** Reproduction and dissemination of material contained in GLC-SHARE Beta-Release v1.0 or educational, research, personal or other noncommercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided FAO are fully acknowledged. No part of GLC-SHARE Beta-Release v1.0 data may be downloaded, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means for resale or other commercial purposes without written permission of the copyright holders. If any information or resources on this site are attributed to a site or source external to FAO permission to use must be sought with FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. FAO declines all responsibility for errors or deficiencies in the database or software or in the documentation accompanying it, for program maintenance and upgrading as well as for any damage that may arise from them. FAO also declines any responsibility for updating the data and assumes no responsibility for errors and omissions in the data provided. Users are, however, kindly asked to report any errors or deficiencies in this product to FAO. **Online resources:** Download: GLC-Share - Bare soil Download: GLC-Share - Sources Download: GLC-Share report

uav imagery by Luka Koens, acquired 2026-01-24 to 2026-01-25, 1.2 cm per pixel, published on OpenAerialMap.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered in a dark neutral style with minimal colors. Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.

Global spring (March/April/May) median 12-day interferometric coherence (COH12) in VV polarization from the Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter Data Set (GSSICB). Pixel values in source rasters are the coherence value (ranging from 0 to 1) multiplied by 100. A processing template is included with the service to provide the standard coherence values (0 to 1) along with the original source raster values. The source rasters referenced in this service are accessed from the Registry of Open Data on AWS. The source rasters are also archived by the Alaska Satellite Facility in NASA's Earthdata Cloud. More information about the dataset is available here: https://asf.alaska.edu/datasets/derived/global-seasonal-sentinel-1-interferometric-coherence-and-backscatter-dataset/ To learn more about the GSSICB image services and access web maps, refer to ASF's GSSICB StoryMap Tutorial. -------- Time Interval: SeasonalTime Extent: Mar 2020 to May 2020Time Standard: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)Grid Size: 3 arcsecond pixel spacingProjection: WGS84Extent: Global Source:Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) Data Sources: https://doi.org/10.5067/8W33RRS6S2RV Data Parameters: GSSICB_Median_12_day_VV_Coherence_Mar_Apr_May_Scaled: Global spring (March/April/May) median 12-day interferometric coherence (COH12) in VV polarization from the Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter Data Set. The source rasters have been scaled to an integer (values ranging from 0 to 100) by multiplying the coherence values by 100. GSSICB_Median_12_day_VV_Coherence_Mar_Apr_May_Unscaled: Global spring (March/April/May) median 12-day interferometric coherence (COH12) in VV polarization from the Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter Data Set. The default raster function template for this image service converts the scaled source raster values to the normal range of coherence values (0 to 1) by dividing the pixel values of the source rasters by 100. -------- For questions or issues please email: uso@asf.alaska.edu

The Multi-Source Land Surface Phenology (LSP) Yearly North America 30 meter (m) Version 1.1 product (MSLSP) provides a Land Surface Phenology product for North America derived from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) data. Data from the combined Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2A and 2B Multispectral Instrument (MSI) provides the user community with dates of phenophase transitions, including the timing of greenup, maturity, senescence, and dormancy at 30m spatial resolution. These data sets are useful for a wide range of applications, including ecosystem and agro-ecosystem modeling, monitoring the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability and extreme events, crop-type discrimination, and land cover, land use, and land cover change mapping. Provided in the MSLSP product are layers for percent greenness, onset greenness dates, Enhanced Vegetative Index (EVI2) amplitude, and maximum EVI2, and data quality information for up to two phenological cycles per year. For areas where the data values are missing due to cloud cover or other reasons, the data gaps are filled with good quality values from the year directly preceding or following the product year. A low resolution browse image representing maximum EVI is also available for each MSLSP30NA granule. Known Issues * Data are sparse in 2016 and early 2017, as Sentinel-2B was not yet launched, and Sentinel-2A was not fully operational, leading to poorer quality retrievals of phenology in 2016 and 2017. However, poor quality pixels can be masked with Quality Assurance (QA) flags. * Disturbance has not been explicitly accounted for or mapped, which can lead to premature detections of senescence and dormancy when sharp spectral changes occur. * Pixels with more than two growth cycles per year (e.g., alfalfa fields) may not be accurately characterized, especially if they occur in rapid succession.

This vector tile layer presents the Environment Base style (World Edition) and is designed for use as a base layer to support environment related content. It deemphasizes human elements and focuses more prominently on landscape features. Features include vegetation, parks, farming areas, open space, indigenous lands, military bases, bathymetry, large scale contours, and elevation values. This layer is designed for use with the Environment Detail and Label, Environment Surface Water and Label, and Environment Watersheds to combine into one unified basemap. This vector tile layer provides unique capabilities for customization and high-resolution display.  This multisource vector tile layer is built using the same data sources used for other Esri Vector Basemaps. For details on data sources contributed by the GIS community, view the map of Community Maps Basemap Contributors. Esri Vector Basemaps are updated monthly. This layer is used in the Environment Map web map included in ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World. See the Vector Basemaps group for other vector tile layers.  Customize this Style Learn more about customizing this vector basemap style using the Vector Tile Style Editor. Additional details are available in ArcGIS Online Blogs and the Esri Vector Basemaps Reference Document.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a new vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered using a creative cartographic style emulating the style of blueprint technical drawing. Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.  Precise Tile Registration: The tile layer uses the improved tiling scheme “WGS84 Geographic, Version 2” to ensure proper tile positioning at higher resolutions (neighborhood level and beyond). The new tiling scheme is much more precise than tiling schemes of the legacy basemaps Esri released years ago. We recommend that you start using this new basemap for any new web maps in WGS84 that you plan to author.   Due to the number of differences between the old and new tiling schemes, some web clients will not be able to overlay tile layers in the old and new tiling schemes in one web map.

The dataset is based on OpenStreetMap (OSM) data downloaded from the official OpenStreetMap distribution platform. The data have subsequently been processed and published as a customised web service. OpenStreetMap is an open, crowdsourced geospatial dataset that is continuously maintained and updated by a global community of contributors. The dataset contains vector-based geographic features, including transport networks, buildings, land use, hydrography, natural features, and points of interest. The data are used as a background map and reference dataset for map visualisation and spatial analysis at local, regional, and national scales. Data content and quality vary geographically and depend on contributor activity.

Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter: mean amplitude of radiometrically terrain-corrected gamma-0 backscatter (AMP) values for June/July/August in VV polarization. Pixel values in source rasters are stored as digital numbers (DN). Processing templates are included with the service to provide the power and dB values along with the original DN values. The power value is calculated using the formula DN ^ 2 / 199526231, and the dB value is calculated using the formula 20 x log10(DN) - 83. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

OverviewTerrestrial Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). PRI is a normalized difference ratio of two narrow visible wavelengths expressed as: (R531 – R570)/(R531 + R570), where R531 is the reflectance at 531 nanometers (nm), the band sensitive to the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments, and R570 is a reference band at 570 nm (Grace et al. 2007, Coops et al. 2010). Data provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of 0.02 degrees, which equates to ~2 kilometers (km) at the equator. Data has been corrected for atmospheric scattering and absorption. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of water, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) Measure of terrestrial foliar photosynthetic light use efficiency. PRI is unitless. Spatial resolution 2 km2 Level-3, mapped to a standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE PRI products available here from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Earthdata account required. Each NetCDF file includes all 10 PACE vegetation indexes, including PRI. Data Version Version 3.1 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.1 Release Notes for details. Latency ~1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Daily, “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE PRI products with less than approximately 24-48 hour latency available here from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Earthdata account required. Each NetCDF file includes all 10 PACE vegetation indexes, including PRI. Intended Use: What can I do with this layer? PRI has been related to foliage or ecosystem photosynthetic light use efficiency (LUE). Its response is driven by leaf-level reflectance changes associated with changes in pigment pools in response to stresses although it can also be affected by changes in leaf area (Grace et al. 2007, Coops et al. 2010). The time (8 day average) and space (2 km2) resolution of this data layer enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at local to global scales.   Limitations of Use: What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: This is a Level 3, globally-binned product from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG). By default, OBPG Level 3 data values are masked (value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. Please see Level 3 Algorithm Usage Constraints for masking parameter details. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. https://doi.org/10.5067/8L77O0Y8GHV8.   Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied.     Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more.   Terrestrial Remote Sensing from an Ocean Color Sensor? Designed and optimized to operate across a broad dynamic range, from the dark target of the ocean to bright, highly reflective cloud tops, PACE’s OCI also collects surface reflectance data from the world's terrestrial environments across 122 bands, resolving spectral properties of the Earth more finely than previous multispectral missions could achieve. Work thus far has demonstrated viability of OCI’s land data products for terrestrial investigations (Caplan et al. 2025). OCI’s coverage and capabilities enable provision of both novel, hyperspectral-enabled land observations as well as maintenance and extension of certain historical multispectral data records. Advanced vegetation indexes (VIs) enabled by OCI’s narrow-wavelength surface reflectance measurements provide continuous, synoptic insights into foliar pigment amounts (chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins), water content, and photosynthetic light use efficiency across the globe each day. Heritage VIs (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI; reviewed in Huang et al. 2021) can also be calculated by aggregating (averaging) OCI’s narrow bandwidths across ranges that approximate the multi-spectral, broadband reflectances of instruments such as MODIS, see the Mathematical Theory section of the ATBD for details. See the full list of heritage and hyperspectral-enabled VIs produced by PACE here.   What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. The Level 3, 122-band hyperspectral surface reflectance data (SFREFL) used to derive all VIs is available from NASA Earthdata to download at 2 kilometer resolution in NetCDF format. To access PACE mission data products available from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which PACE product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find PACE products in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. To learn about using Earthdata Search to find data, watch this tutorial.   How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission?   Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here.   References: Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: https://doi.org/10.5067/8L77O0Y8GHV8 Caplan, S. and Huemmrich, K. F. (2025) Unveiling PACE OCI’s hyperspectral terrestrial data products. Remote Sensing Letters, 16(4), 422–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2025.2470905 Coops, N. C., Hilker, T., Hall, F.G., Nichol, C.J., and Drolet, G. G. (2010) Estimation of light-use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems from space: a status report. BioScience 60 (10): 788–797. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.10.5 Grace, J.,Nichol, C., Disney, M., Lewis, P., Quaife, T., and Bowyer, P. (2007) Can we measure terrestrial photosynthesis from space directly, using spectral reflectance and fluorescence? Global Change Biology, 13(7): 1484–1497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01352.x Huang, S., Tang, L., Hupy, J. P., Wang, Y. and Shao, G. (2021) A commentary review on the use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the era of popular remote sensing. Journal of Forestry Research, 32(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01155-1 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered in a style similar to the Esri Navigation Dark Mode map. Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.  Precise Tile Registration: The tile layer uses the improved tiling scheme “WGS84 Geographic, Version 2” to ensure proper tile positioning at higher resolutions (neighborhood level and beyond). The new tiling scheme is much more precise than tiling schemes of the legacy basemaps Esri released years ago. We recommend that you start using this new basemap for any new web maps in WGS84 that you plan to author.   Due to the number of differences between the old and new tiling schemes, some web clients will not be able to overlay tile layers in the old and new tiling schemes in one web map.

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) Version 2 product provides NBAR estimates at 500 meter (m) resolution. The VJ243IA4 product is produced daily using 16 days of VIIRS data and is weighted temporally to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The view angle effects are removed from the directional reflectances, resulting in a stable and consistent NBAR product. The VJ243 data products are designed to promote the continuity of NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF/Albedo data product suite. The VJ243 algorithm uses the RossThick/Li-Sparse-Reciprocal (RTLSR) semi-empirical kernel-driven BRDF model, with the three kernel weights from (VJ243IA1) to reconstruct surface anisotropic effects, correcting the directional reflectance to a common view geometry (VJ243IA4), while also computing integrated black-sky albedo (BSA) at local solar noon and white-sky albedo (WSA) (VJ243IA3). Researchers can use the BRDF model parameters with a simple polynomial, to obtain black-sky albedo at any solar illumination angle. Likewise, both the BSA and WSA Science Dataset (SDS) variables can be used with a simple polynomial, to manually estimate instantaneous actual albedo (blue-sky albedo). Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VJ243IA4 product includes six SDS variables for BRDF/Albedo mandatory quality and nadir reflectance for VIIRS imagery bands I1, I2, and I3. A low-resolution browse image is also available showing NBAR bands I1, I2, and I1 as an RGB (red, green, blue) image in JPEG format. Known Issues: * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered in a light neutral style with minimal colors.  It is designed for use with OpenStreetMap Light Gray Canvas Base. Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.

The NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo (VJ243IA3) Version 2 product provides albedo values at 500 meter (m) resolution for the bihemispherical reflectance white-sky albedo (WSA) and directional hemispherical reflectance black-sky albedo (BSA) at local solar noon. The VJ243IA3 product is produced daily using 16 days of VIIRS data and is weighted temporally to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VJ243 data products are designed to promote the continuity of NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF/Albedo data product suite. The VJ243 algorithm uses the RossThick/Li-Sparse-Reciprocal (RTLSR) semi-empirical kernel-driven BRDF model, with the three kernel weights from (VJ243IA1) to reconstruct surface anisotropic effects, correcting the directional reflectance to a common view geometry (VJ243IA4), while also computing integrated black-sky albedo (BSA) at local solar noon and white-sky albedo (WSA) (VJ243IA3). Researchers can use the BRDF model parameters with a simple polynomial, to obtain black-sky albedo at any solar illumination angle. Likewise, both the BSA and WSA Science Dataset (SDS) variables can be used with a simple polynomial, to manually estimate instantaneous actual albedo (blue-sky albedo). Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VJ243IA3 product provides a total of 9 SDS variables including: BSA, WSA, and mandatory quality variables for VIIRS imagery bands I1, I2, and I3. A low-resolution browse image is also available showing retrievals of WSA for band I1 in JPEG format. Known Issues: * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a world basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered using OSM cartography. Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.

Overview  Modified Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (mARI) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). mARI describes the canopy content of anthocyanins in terrestrial vegetation. mARI is calculated as ((1/R550)-(1/R705))*R800, where R550, R705, and R800 are the surface reflectance at 550, 705 and 800 nanometers (nm), respectively (Gitelson et al. 2007). Data provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of 0.02 degrees, which equates to ~2 kilometers (km) at the equator. Data has been corrected for atmospheric scattering and absorption. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of water, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Modified Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (mARI) Measure of terrestrial canopy anthocyanin content, a photoprotective pigment. mARI is unitless. Spatial resolution 2 km2 Level-3, mapped to a standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE mARI products available here from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Earthdata account required. Each NetCDF file includes all 10 PACE vegetation indexes, including mARI. Data Version Version 3.1 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.1 Release Notes for details. Latency ~1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Daily, “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE mARI products with less than approximately 24-48 hour latency available here from NASA Earthdata in NetCDF format. Earthdata account required. Each NetCDF file includes all 10 PACE vegetation indexes, including mARI. Intended Use: What can I do with this layer? There are three major classes of plant pigments: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. The mARI product provides information on changes in vegetation anthocyanin content and photophysiological status. Anthocyanins play a variety of roles in plants and are a common pigment in all leaves. For certain species or growth stages anthocyanins may even become the dominant type of pigment. Anthocyanins can alter the light environment within a leaf and thus regulate photosynthesis and limit photoinhibition and photobleaching. Beyond photoprotection, anthocyanins may provide some protection from freezing and drought stress as well as aid recovery after injury. The time (8 day average) and space (2 km2) resolution of this data layer enables enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at local to global scales.   Limitations of Use: What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: This is a Level 3, globally-binned product from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG). By default, OBPG Level 3 data values are masked (value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. Please see Level 3 Algorithm Usage Constraints for masking parameter details. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. https://doi.org/10.5067/8L77O0Y8GHV8.   Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied.     Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more.   Terrestrial Remote Sensing from an Ocean Color Sensor? Designed and optimized to operate across a broad dynamic range, from the dark target of the ocean to bright, highly reflective cloud tops, PACE’s OCI also collects surface reflectance data from the world's terrestrial environments across 122 bands, resolving spectral properties of the Earth more finely than previous multispectral missions could achieve. Work thus far has demonstrated viability of OCI’s land data products for terrestrial investigations (Caplan et al. 2025). OCI’s coverage and capabilities enable provision of both novel, hyperspectral-enabled land observations as well as maintenance and extension of certain historical multispectral data records. Advanced vegetation indexes (VIs) enabled by OCI’s narrow-wavelength surface reflectance measurements provide continuous, synoptic insights into foliar pigment amounts (chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins), water content, and photosynthetic light use efficiency across the globe each day. Heritage VIs (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI; reviewed in Huang et al. 2021) can also be calculated by aggregating (averaging) OCI’s narrow bandwidths across ranges that approximate the multi-spectral, broadband reflectances of instruments such as MODIS, see the Mathematical Theory section of the ATBD for details. See the full list of heritage and hyperspectral-enabled VIs produced by PACE here.   What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. The Level 3, 122-band hyperspectral surface reflectance data (SFREFL) used to derive all VIs is available from NASA Earthdata to download at 2 kilometer resolution in NetCDF format. To access PACE mission data products available from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which PACE product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find PACE products in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. To learn about using Earthdata Search to find data, watch this tutorial. How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission?   Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here.   References: Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: https://doi.org/10.5067/8L77O0Y8GHV8 Caplan, S. and Huemmrich, K. F. (2025) Unveiling PACE OCI’s hyperspectral terrestrial data products. Remote Sensing Letters, 16(4), 422–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2025.2470905 Gitelson, A. A., Merzlyak, M. N., and Chivkunova, O. B. (2007) Optical properties and nondestructive estimation of anthocyanin content in plant leaves. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 74(1):38–45. https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740038OPANEO2.0.CO2 Huang, S., Tang, L., Hupy, J. P., Wang, Y. and Shao, G. (2021) A commentary review on the use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the era of popular remote sensing. Journal of Forestry Research, 32(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01155-1 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1

uav imagery by Joao pessoa, acquired 2026-06-12 to 2026-07-13, 2.3 cm per pixel, published on OpenAerialMap.

This component tile layer displays Ecological Land Units (ELU) and bathymetry fused with multi-directional hillshade and undersea relief at small to mid scales. It is designed for use as a component base layer in the National Geographic Style Map. It is not intended for stand-alone use.  For more information on the ELU data, refer to this imagery layer. The details on the multi-directional hillshade are available at this imagery layer.

uav imagery by me, acquired 2026-04-23 to 2026-04-24, 10.0 cm per pixel, published on OpenAerialMap.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version.  See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered using OSM cartography. It is designed to be used with World Hillshade. Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. See blog for more information. This web map presents a vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered in a style similar to the Esri Street Map (with Relief). It includes the World Hillshade layer. Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.  Precise Tile Registration: The tile layer uses the improved tiling scheme “WGS84 Geographic, Version 2” to ensure proper tile positioning at higher resolutions (neighborhood level and beyond). The new tiling scheme is much more precise than tiling schemes of the legacy basemaps Esri released years ago. We recommend that you start using this new basemap for any new web maps in WGS84 that you plan to author.   Due to the number of differences between the old and new tiling schemes, some web clients will not be able to overlay tile layers in the old and new tiling schemes in one web map.

Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter: mean amplitude of radiometrically terrain-corrected gamma-0 backscatter (AMP) values for June/July/August in HH polarization. Pixel values in source rasters are stored as digital numbers (DN). Processing templates are included with the service to provide the power and dB values along with the original DN values. The power value is calculated using the formula DN ^ 2 / 199526231, and the dB value is calculated using the formula 20 x log10(DN) - 83. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

Global spring (March/April/May) median 6-day interferometric coherence (COH06) in VV polarization from the Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter Data Set (GSSICB). Pixel values in source rasters are the coherence value (ranging from 0 to 1) multiplied by 100. A processing template is included with the service to provide the standard coherence values (0 to 1) along with the original source raster values. The source rasters referenced in this service are accessed from the Registry of Open Data on AWS. The source rasters are also archived by the Alaska Satellite Facility in NASA's Earthdata Cloud. More information about the dataset is available here: https://asf.alaska.edu/datasets/derived/global-seasonal-sentinel-1-interferometric-coherence-and-backscatter-dataset/ To learn more about the GSSICB image services and access web maps, refer to ASF's GSSICB StoryMap Tutorial. -------- Time Interval: SeasonalTime Extent: Mar 2020 to May 2020Time Standard: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)Grid Size: 3 arcsecond pixel spacingProjection: WGS84Extent: Global Source:Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) Data Sources: https://doi.org/10.5067/8W33RRS6S2RV Data Parameters: GSSICB_Median_6_day_VV_Coherence_Mar_Apr_May_Scaled: Global spring (March/April/May) median 6-day interferometric coherence (COH06) in VV polarization from the Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter Data Set. The source rasters have been scaled to an integer (values ranging from 0 to 100) by multiplying the coherence values by 100. GSSICB_Median_6_day_VV_Coherence_Mar_Apr_May_Unscaled: Global spring (March/April/May) median 6-day interferometric coherence (COH06) in VV polarization from the Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter Data Set. The default raster function template for this image service converts the scaled source raster values to the normal range of coherence values (0 to 1) by dividing the pixel values of the source rasters by 100. -------- For questions or issues please email: uso@asf.alaska.edu

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered in a light neutral style with minimal colors. Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.

uav imagery by mfg paisajismo, acquired 2025-07-13 to 2025-07-14, 10.0 cm per pixel, published on OpenAerialMap.

Global Seasonal Sentinel-1 Interferometric Coherence and Backscatter: mean amplitude of radiometrically terrain-corrected gamma-0 backscatter (AMP) values for December/January/February in HV polarization. Pixel values in source rasters are stored as digital numbers (DN). Processing templates are included with the service to provide the power and dB values along with the original DN values. The power value is calculated using the formula DN ^ 2 / 199526231, and the dB value is calculated using the formula 20 x log10(DN) - 83. The source rasters referenced in this service are available on the Registry of Open Data on AWS: https://registry.opendata.aws/ebd-sentinel-1-global-coherence-backscatter/

This Collection provides Sentinel-5P Level-1 RA BD4 products, which contains Earth radiance spectra for spectral band 4.

This Collection provides Sentinel-3 SRAL Level-1A products, which contains geo-located bursts of echoes with all calibrations applied.

This collection provides Sentinel-3 OLCI Level-2 Land Reduced Resolution products containing data on global vegetation, chlorophyll, and water vapor.

The Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) Earth Observation Full Resolution dataset contains top of atmosphere radiances at 21 spectral bands with center wavelengths ranging between 0.4µm and 1.02µm at spatial resolution of 300m with worldwide coverage every ~2 days.

This collection offers Sentinel-1 Level-1 Single Look Complex (SLC) products captured in the modes Interferometric Wide Swath (IW), Extra Wide Swath (EW), and Strip Map Mode (SM). Level-1 SLC products are images in the slant range by azimuth imaging plane, in the image plane of satellite data acquisition. Each image pixel is represented by a complex (I and Q) magnitude value and therefore contains both amplitude and phase information. Each I and Q value is 16 bits per pixel. The processing for all SLC products results in a single look in each dimension using the full available signal bandwidth. The imagery is geo-referenced using orbit and attitude data from the satellite. SLC images are produced in a zero Doppler geometry. This convention is common with the standard slant range products available from other SAR sensors.

The European Space Agency (ESA) WorldCover 10 m 2021 product provides a global land cover map for 2021 at 10 m resolution based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. It has 11 land cover classes, aligned with UN-FAO's Land Cover Classification System, and was produced and independently validated with an overall accuracy of about 77%.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered in a light neutral style with minimal colors.  It is designed for use with OpenStreetMap Light Gray Canvas Reference.  Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. It provides a detailed base layer for the world featuring a dark neutral style with minimal colors.  Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.  Precise Tile Registration: The tile layer uses the improved tiling scheme “WGS84 Geographic, Version 2” to ensure proper tile positioning at higher resolutions (neighborhood level and beyond). The new tiling scheme is much more precise than tiling schemes of the legacy basemaps Esri released years ago. We recommend that you start using this new basemap for any new web maps in WGS84 that you plan to author. Due to the number of differences between the old and new tiling schemes, some web clients will not be able to overlay tile layers in the old and new tiling schemes in one web map.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version.  See blog for more information. This tile layer presents a new vector basemap of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data hosted by Esri. This version of the map is rendered using a creative cartographic style emulating the style of blueprint technical drawing. Created from the sunsetted Daylight map distribution, data updates supporting this layer are no longer available. OpenStreetMap is an open collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. The resulting free map can be viewed and downloaded from the OpenStreetMap site: www.OpenStreetMap.org. Esri is a supporter of the OSM project.