Proportion of freshwater withdrawal for the service sector per major river basin (Global - 2018)

This map provides a global representation of proportion of freshwater withdrawal for the Agriculture sector (VA) over the total freshwater withdrawal (TWW) per major river basins for year 2018. The analysis is based on the national water withdrawal data available in AQUASTAT for year 2018. Here below the formula applied: VA _PERC = VA / TWW Where: VA = Freshwater withdrawal for the Agriculture sector (million m3) TWW = Total freshwater withdrawal (million m3) VA_PERC = Proportion of the freshwater withdrawal for the Agriculture over the total freshwater withdrawal (%) **Data publication:** 2022-03-11 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Riccardo Biancalani](mailto:riccardo.biancalani@fao.org) Resource Contact: [Michela Marinelli](mailto:michela.marinelli@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [AQUASTAT](mailto:aquastat@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC- SA 3.0 IGO) **Online resources:** Download: Proportion of freshwater withdrawal for the Agriculture sector per major river basin (2018)

This map provides a global representation of the dominant economic sector for freshwater withdrawals per major river basins for year 2018. The analysis is based on the national water withdrawal data available in AQUASTAT for year 2018. The dominant sector (SECTOR_DOM) in each river basin is defined as the maximum of the proportion of freshwater water withdrawal for each economic sector respect to the total freshwater withdrawal (TWW) in the basin. Here below the formulas applied: VA_PERC = VA /TWW VS_PERC = VS / TWW VM_PERC = VM/TWW SECTOR_DOM = MAX(VA_PERC, VS_PERC, VM_PERC) Where: VA_PERC = Proportion of the Agriculture freshwater withdrawal over the total freshwater withdrawal (%) VS_PERC = Proportion of the Service freshwater withdrawal over the total freshwater withdrawal (%) VM_PERC = Proportion of Industry freshwater withdrawal over the total freshwater withdrawal (%) TWW = Total freshwater withdrawal (million m3) VA = Freshwater withdrawal for the Agriculture (million m3) VS = Freshwater withdrawal for the Services (million m3) VM = Freshwater withdrawal for the Industry (million m3) **Data publication:** 2022-03-11 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Riccardo Biancalani](mailto:riccardo.biancalani@fao.org) Resource Contact: [Michela Marinelli](mailto:michela.marinelli@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [AQUASTAT](mailto:aquastat@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC- SA 3.0 IGO) **Online resources:** Download: Dominant sector freshwater withdrawal per major river basin (2018)

Level of water stress (SDG 6.4.2) by major river basin (reference year 2018). This map provides a global representation of the level of water stress spatially disaggregated by major river basin. The indicator 6.4.2 is calculated as the ratio between (a) the amount of total freshwater resources withdrawn in the three economic sectors (Agriculture, Service and Industry) and (b) the total renewable freshwater resources after detracting the amount of water needed to support existing environmental services, also indicated as environmental flows. All the variables are expressed in million m3. The purpose of this indicator is to show the degree to which water resources are being exploited to meet the water demand and it measures the pressure on water resources at basin level. High values of water stress mean more water users are competing for limited water supplies. Low water stress indicates minimal potential impact on resource sustainability and on potential competition among users. Major river basins with an indicator's level lower than 25% have no water stress. Those basins with a water stress greater than 75% have a high or critical water stress. The spatial disaggregation of the indicator by river basin allow the identification of hotspots where actions can be prioritized and reveal that the area affected by a high or critical water stress spans across all continents with the only exception of Oceania. The analysis is based on the national water withdrawal data available in AQUASTAT for year 2018. The total renewable freshwater resources have been assessed using the GloBWat model (https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/19/3829/2015/) and the environmental Flows have been estimated applying the percentages available on the GEFIS portal 2021 (http://eflows.iwmi.org/). Further details on the methodology applied can be found at: https://ucl.scienceopen.com/document/read?vid=18caef6a-0b8f-4e0c-a3e6-807e55d075a2. **Data publication:** 2022-03-11 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Jippe Hoogeveen](mailto:jippe.hoogeveen@fao.org) Resource Contact: [Michela Marinelli](mailto:michela.marinelli@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [AQUASTAT](mailto:aquastat@fao.org) **Resource constraints:** Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) **Online resources:** Download - Level of Water Stress (SDG 6.4.2) by major river basin (ESRI shapefile)

**Warning** _Please note that this dataset should not be used as SDG 6.4.2 data._ Level of water stress by major basin calculated on the water consumption (reference year 2018). This map provides a global representation of the level of water stress spatially disaggregated by major river basin based on the freshwater consumption, which is the evapotranspired water in the agricultural sector and the non-returned quota for the industrial and service sectors. The water stress is calculated as the ratio between (a) the amount of freshwater resources consumed in the three economic sectors (Agriculture, Service and Industry) and (b) the total renewable freshwater resources after detracting the amount of water needed to support existing environmental services, also indicated as environmental flows. Statistical data on the return flow are not available in most cases, so a return flow of about 90% was assumed for the services and industrial sectors. For the agricultural sector, the incremental actual ET due to irrigation (estimated using the GlobWat model https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/19/3829/2015/) was used as a proxy. The formula applied is: WSc (%) = [ETinc-irr + (Vs * 0.1) + (Vm * 0.1)] / (TRWR-EF) * 100 Where: - ETinc-irr = incremental ET due to irrigation (from GLobwat) (million m3) - Vs = Water withdrawal for the Service sector (million m3) - Vm = Water withdrawal for the Industry (million m3) - TRWR = Total renewable freshwater resources - EF = Environmental Flow (million m3) Further details on the methodology applied can be found at: https://ucl.scienceopen.com/document/read?vid=18caef6a-0b8f-4e0c-a3e6-807e55d075a2. **Data publication:** 2022-03-11 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Riccardo Biancalani](mailto:riccardo.biancalani@fao.org) Resource Contact: [Michela Marinelli](mailto:michela.marinelli@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [AQUASTAT](mailto:aquastat@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Data quality information not available **Resource constraints:** Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) **Online resources:** Download: Level of Water Stress by major river basin calculated on the water consumption

The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.

Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002.