Negative vegetation cover changes in field crops and grape field (Lebanon, October 2024)

A geospatial impact assessment was conducted to detect the significant negative changes of vegetation cover for cropland during the conflict of 2023-2024 in Lebanon. The assessment used the baseline period of October 2019 to 7th October 2023 compared to October 2024 without field validation. Land cover and cropland data are critical resources for analysing the status of agricultural land. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (10m resolution) was utilized for establishing baseline land cover for 2023. This map depicts the severity of damage in localized areas for cropland. Each hexagon shows the total cropland area with negative change. **Data creation:** 2025-09-15 **Supplemental Information:** This assessment was conducted in collaboration between FAO-NSL and CNRS, where the cropland/crop category datasets are derived from previous LULC maps produced by CNRS. Datasets for negative vegetation cover changes in other crop categories are also available: [Negative vegetation cover changes in olive plantation (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/d9dcfdd8-7b7e-466b-b481-d18f482beda7) [Negative vegetation cover changes in field crops & grape field (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/iso/8e66aef8-db2d-463a-bbc4-1e1e8f3678f7) [Negative vegetation cover changes in cereals (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/92eb5e26-7117-4e2f-9ee7-c0ef882ebe0e) [Negative vegetation cover changes in fruit tree orchard (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/e344d2d0-20f3-4773-a60d-9e3280139170) More information on the damage to cropland and cropland categories can be found in the following fact-sheets: - Cropland with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 - Crop categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 **Citation:** FAO. [YYYY (year of last update)]. [Name of database: Name of dataset OR Name of database]. [Accessed on [DD Month YYYY]]. [URL] Licence: CC-BY-4.0 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Matieu Henry](mailto:Matieu.Henry@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [Geospatial Unit](mailto:gis-manager@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Landsat 7 and 8 imageries (30m resolution) were used to analyse negative vegetation changes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to compare cropland conditions between the baseline and the October 2024 periods. Additionally, very high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery (<0.5 m) was used to calibrate the impact assessment model for cropland. **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC-BY-4.0) **Online resources:** Fact-sheet: Cropland with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024

A geospatial impact assessment was conducted to detect the significant negative changes of vegetation cover for cereals during the conflict of 2023-2024 in Lebanon. The assessment used the baseline period of October 2019 to 7th October 2023 compared to October 2024 without field validation. Land cover and cropland data are critical resources for analysing the status of agricultural land. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (10m resolution) was utilized for establishing baseline land cover for 2023. This map depicts the severity of damage in localized areas for cereals. Each hexagon shows the total cereals area with negative change. **Data creation:** 2025-09-15 **Supplemental Information:** This assessment was conducted in collaboration between FAO-NSL and CNRS, where the cropland/crop category datasets are derived from previous LULC maps produced by CNRS. Datasets for negative vegetation cover changes in other crop categories are also available, along with the aggregated dataset on cropland: [Negative vegetation cover changes in olive plantation (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/d9dcfdd8-7b7e-466b-b481-d18f482beda7) [Negative vegetation cover changes in field crops & grape field (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/iso/8e66aef8-db2d-463a-bbc4-1e1e8f3678f7) [Negative vegetation cover changes in fruit tree orchard (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/e344d2d0-20f3-4773-a60d-9e3280139170) Negative vegetation cover changes in cropland (Lebanon, October 2024) More information on the damage to cropland and cropland categories can be found in the following fact-sheets: - Cropland with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 - Crop categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Matieu Henry](mailto:Matieu.Henry@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [Geospatial Unit](mailto:gis-manager@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Landsat 7 and 8 imageries (30m resolution) were used to analyse negative vegetation changes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to compare cropland conditions between the baseline and the October 2024 periods. Additionally, very high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery (<0.5 m) was used to calibrate the impact assessment model for cropland. **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC-BY-4.0) **Online resources:** Fact-sheet: Crop categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024

A geospatial impact assessment was conducted to detect the significant negative changes of vegetation cover for olive plantation during the conflict of 2023-2024 in Lebanon. The assessment used the baseline period of October 2019 to 7th October 2023 compared to October 2024 without field validation. Land cover and cropland data are critical resources for analysing the status of agricultural land. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (10m resolution) was utilized for establishing baseline land cover for 2023. This map depicts the severity of damage in localized areas for olive plantation. Each hexagon shows the total olive plantation area with negative change. Changed **Data creation:** 2025-09-15 **Supplemental Information:** This assessment was conducted in collaboration between FAO-NSL and CNRS, where the cropland/crop category datasets are derived from previous LULC maps produced by CNRS. Datasets for negative vegetation cover changes in other crop categories are also available, along with the aggregated dataset on cropland: [Negative vegetation cover changes in field crops & grape field (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/iso/8e66aef8-db2d-463a-bbc4-1e1e8f3678f7) [Negative vegetation cover changes in cereals (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/92eb5e26-7117-4e2f-9ee7-c0ef882ebe0e) [Negative vegetation cover changes in fruit tree orchard (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/e344d2d0-20f3-4773-a60d-9e3280139170) Negative vegetation cover changes in cropland (Lebanon, October 2024) More information on the damage to cropland and cropland categories can be found in the following fact-sheets: - Cropland with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 - Crop categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Matieu Henry](mailto:Matieu.Henry@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [Geospatial Unit](mailto:gis-manager@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Landsat 7 and 8 imageries (30m resolution) were used to analyse negative vegetation changes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to compare cropland conditions between the baseline and the October 2024 periods. Additionally, very high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery (<0.5 m) was used to calibrate the impact assessment model for cropland. **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC-BY-4.0) **Online resources:** Fact-sheet: Crop categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024

A geospatial impact assessment was conducted to detect the significant negative changes of vegetation cover for fruit tree orchard during the conflict of 2023-2024 in Lebanon. The assessment used the baseline period of October 2019 to 7th October 2023 compared to October 2024 without field validation. Land cover and cropland data are critical resources for analysing the status of agricultural land. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (10m resolution) was utilized for establishing baseline land cover for 2023. This map depicts the severity of damage in localized areas for fruit tree orchard. Each hexagon shows the total fruit tree orchard area with negative change. **Data creation:** 2025-09-15 **Supplemental Information:** This assessment was conducted in collaboration between FAO-NSL and CNRS, where the cropland/crop category datasets are derived from previous LULC maps produced by CNRS. Datasets for negative vegetation cover changes in other crop categories are also available, along with the aggregated dataset on cropland: [Negative vegetation cover changes in olive plantation (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/d9dcfdd8-7b7e-466b-b481-d18f482beda7) [Negative vegetation cover changes in field crops & grape field (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/iso/8e66aef8-db2d-463a-bbc4-1e1e8f3678f7) [Negative vegetation cover changes in cereals (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/92eb5e26-7117-4e2f-9ee7-c0ef882ebe0e) Negative vegetation cover changes in cropland (Lebanon, October 2024) More information on the damage to cropland and cropland categories can be found in the following fact-sheets: - Cropland with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 - Crop categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Matieu Henry](mailto:Matieu.Henry@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [Geospatial Unit](mailto:gis-manager@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Landsat 7 and 8 imageries (30m resolution) were used to analyse negative vegetation changes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to compare cropland conditions between the baseline and the October 2024 periods. Additionally, very high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery (<0.5 m) was used to calibrate the impact assessment model for cropland. **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC-BY-4.0) **Online resources:** Fact-sheet: Crop categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024

A geospatial impact assessment was conducted to detect the significant negative changes of vegetation cover for evergreen forest during the conflict of 2023-2024 in Lebanon. The assessment used the baseline period of October 2019 to 7th October 2023 compared to October 2024 without field validation. Land cover and forest categories data are critical resources for analysing the status of forests. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (10m resolution) was utilized for establishing baseline land cover for 2023. This map depicts the severity of damage in localized areas for evergreen forest. Each hexagon shows the total evergreen forest area with negative change. **Data creation:** 2025-09-15 **Supplemental Information:** Datasets for negative vegetation cover changes in forest categories are also available: [Negative vegetation cover changes in deciduous forest (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/699c121e-3209-4eeb-983e-224f1a23c5ea) More information on the damage to forest categories can be found in the following publications: - Fact-sheet: Forest categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 - [Report: Assessing vegetation changes in agriculture and forestry during the conflict in Lebanon – October 2023 to October 2024]( https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd5364en) **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [Geospatial Unit](mailto:gis-manager@fao.org) Resource Contact: [Matieu Henry](mailto:Matieu.Henry@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Landsat 7 and 8 imageries (30m resolution) were used to analyse negative vegetation changes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to compare forest categories conditions between the baseline and the October 2024 periods. Additionally, very high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery (<0.5 m) was used to calibrate the impact assessment model for different forest categories (evergreen and deciduous). **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC-BY-4.0) **Online resources:** Fact-sheet: Forest categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024

A geospatial impact assessment was conducted to detect the significant negative changes of vegetation cover for deciduous forest during the conflict of 2023-2024 in Lebanon. The assessment used the baseline period of October 2019 to 7th October 2023 compared to October 2024 without field validation. Land cover and forest categories data are critical resources for analysing the status of forests. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (10m resolution) was utilized for establishing baseline land cover for 2023. This map depicts the severity of damage in localized areas for deciduous forest. Each hexagon shows the total deciduous forest area with negative change. **Data creation:** 2025-09-15 **Supplemental Information:** Datasets for negative vegetation cover changes in forest categories are also available: [Negative vegetation cover changes in evergreen forest (Lebanon, October 2024)]( https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/iso/2855517e-dcac-4d1c-a332-8711aae0912a) More information on the damage to forest categories can be found in the following publications: - Fact-sheet: Forest categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024 - [Report: Assessing vegetation changes in agriculture and forestry during the conflict in Lebanon – October 2023 to October 2024]( https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd5364en) **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Matieu Henry](mailto:Matieu.Henry@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [Geospatial Unit](mailto:gis-manager@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Landsat 7 and 8 imageries (30m resolution) were used to analyse negative vegetation changes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to compare forest categories conditions between the baseline and the October 2024 periods. Additionally, very high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery (<0.5 m) was used to calibrate the impact assessment model for different forest categories (evergreen and deciduous). **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC-BY-4.0) **Online resources:** Fact-sheet: Forest categories with negative vegetation cover changes during the conflict in Lebanon as of October 2024