Biodiversity data

Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) is a biophysical dimensionless quantity (its values range from 0/no absorption to 1/total absorption) used to assess the greenness and health of vegetation. FAPAR anomalies can be used as an indicator to detect and monitor the impacts of agricultural drought on the growth and productivity of vegetation. The data is presented in 10-day time composite of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS).

Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) is a biophysical dimensionless quantity (its values range from 0/no absorption to 1/total absorption) used to assess the greenness and health of vegetation. FAPAR anomalies can be used as an indicator to detect and monitor the impacts of agricultural drought on the growth and productivity of vegetation. The data is presented in 10-day time composite of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS).

This dataset contains the absolute values of the Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR). While anomalies show deviations from the norm, these absolute values provide a direct measure of the current state of vegetation density and health. It represents the fraction of incoming solar radiation in the photosynthetically active spectrum that is absorbed by the canopy, ranging theoretically from 0 (bare soil) to 1 (dense, healthy vegetation). Absolute fAPAR is crucial for initializing crop growth models, estimating net primary productivity (NPP), and monitoring the phenological development of crops and natural vegetation throughout the growing season.

The fAPAR Anomaly dataset maps deviations in vegetation health and photosynthetic activity across Africa. fAPAR measures the proportion of solar radiation absorbed by plants for photosynthesis, making it a robust biophysical indicator of vegetation status. The anomaly product highlights areas where vegetation activity is significantly below or above the long-term average, serving as a primary proxy for agricultural production and biomass availability. Unlike simple greenness indices (like NDVI), fAPAR is physically related to the energy and mass exchange processes of the canopy. Negative anomalies in this dataset are strong indicators of vegetation stress caused by drought, pests, or disease, making it a critical input for yield forecasting and food security analysis.

The Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) presents global and regional forest data by global ecological zone (GEZ). The GEZ spatial dataset used by FAO has developed over the years from covering only the tropical areas (1990) to the globe (2000). Due to the developments in remote sensing and the compiling of many spatial products relating to climate and land cover between 2000 and 2010, an update to the map was commissioned and resulted in the available GEZ 2010 product **Data creation:** 2025-12-31 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [Remi D'Annunzio](mailto:fra@fao.org) **Data lineage:** Data quality information not available **Resource constraints:** copyright **Online resources:** Download Global Ecological Zones for FAO Forest Reporting: 2010 update Download Ecozones 2010 (ESRI Shapefile)

This vector dataset depicts the distribution of chestnut forests within Tropoja massif, northern Albania, a priority area under FAO’s One Country One Priority Product (OCOP) initiative. The Tropoja massif is critical for rural livelihoods, biodiversity, soil and water conservation and climate regulation. The dataset was developed using existing forestry data, high-resolution satellite imagery (SEPAL, Sentinel-2, orthophotos), and field verification conducted between June and July 2025. Chestnut forest polygons were manually delineated and refined through ground surveys and visual interpretation of imagery. This map supports sustainable chestnut value chain development, pest management, and agro-tourism planning. **Data creation:** 2025-07-15 **Data publication:** 2025-11-19 **Supplemental Information:** Tropoja is a municipality in Kukës County, northeastern Albania, within the historical ethnographic region of the Gjakova Highlands. Tropoja Municipality is located on the bank of Valbonë River between the Albanian Alps in northeastern Albania bordering Montenegro to the northwest and Kosovo to the northeast and east. **Citation:** FAO. [YYYY (year of last update)]. [Name of database: Name of dataset OR Name of database]. [Accessed on [DD Month YYYY]]. [URL] Licence: CC-BY-4.0 **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [Valbona Simixhiu](mailto:simixhiuv@gmail.com) Resource Contact: [Agim Pepkolaj](mailto:Agim.Pepkolaj@fao.org) Metadata Contact: [Nelson Ribeiro](mailto:nelson.rosasribeirofilho@fao.org) **Data lineage:** The chestnut spatial distribution was determined through: (i) compilation of existing forestry and land cover data (ii) analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery (SEPAL, Sentinel-2, orthophotos) (iii) manual delineation of forest polygons followed by refinement through visual interpretation of the satellite imagery and field surveys for validation. **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC-BY-4.0)). **Online resources:** Download the data from Google Cloud Storage

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). This web service includes layers with polygons representing candidate areas for ecological restoration, based on potential to improve connectivity between naturally vegetated areas within the conterminous United States. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

OECMs complement protected areas through sustained, positive conservation outcomes, even though they may be managed primarily for other reasons. In 2018, the governments of the world adopted the following definition of an OECM: _“A geographically defined area other than a Protected Area, which is governed and managed in ways that achieve positive and sustained long-term outcomes for the insitu conservation of biodiversity, with associated ecosystem functions and services and where applicable, cultural, spiritual, socio–economic, and other locally relevant values” (CBD, 2018)_ Because this definition was only recently adopted, most countries have not yet provided data to the World Database on OECMs. Importantly, this does not mean that no OECMs exist in those countries. OECMs will often be pre-existing measures that have not historically been recognised for their conservation values, ranging from Sacred Natural Sites to some military zones. The challenge for governments and other stakeholders will be in identifying OECMs, and supporting them to maintain their conservation benefits in the long term. IUCN's World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) has provided guidance on recognising OECMs. **Supplemental Information:** Users should note the following points before using the WD-OECM: * The WD-OECM can be combined with the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) to provide a more comprehensive picture of the world’s conservation network; * The WDPAID is the unique identifier for both the WD-OECM and WDPA. It remains unique even when the two databases are combined; * When the two databases are combined, the PA_DEF field can be used to distinguish protected areas (1) from OECMs (0); * The WD-OECM has two fields not present in the WDPA: - CONS_OBJ (conservation objectives): this field refers to the primacy of conservation objectives. The field provides an indication of whether an OECM is managed with biodiversity conservation as a primary objective, secondary objective, or without conservation as an explicit objective. It should not be considered binding, and the primacy of conservation objectives may change over time without affecting an OECM’s status. A move to conservation as a primary objective may, however, coincide with an OECM being reclassified as a protected area, with the consent of the governance authority. - SUPP_INFO (supplementary info): link or reference to information supporting the categorization of the site as an OECM. **Citation:** UNEP-WCMC (2026). Protected Area Profile for Philippines from the World Database on Protected Areas, September 2026. Available at: [www.protectedplanet.net](www.protectedplanet.net) **Contact points:** Resource Contact: [UNEP](mailto:oecm@unep-wcmc.org) **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC-BY-4.0) **Online resources:**

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service depict ecosystem services at the census block group level for all EnviroAtlas communities. These layers illustrate the ecosystems and natural resources that are associated with clean air, clean and plentiful water, natural hazard mitigation, climate stabilization, recreation, culture, and aesthetics, and biodiversity conservation, and factors that place stress on those resources. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service depict ecosystem services at the census block group level for all EnviroAtlas communities. These layers illustrate the ecosystems and natural resources that are associated with clean air, clean and plentiful water, natural hazard mitigation, climate stabilization, recreation, culture, and aesthetics, and biodiversity conservation, and factors that place stress on those resources. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Generated by Impact Observatory, in collaboration with Vizzuality, these datasets estimate terrestrial Biodiversity Intactness as 100-meter gridded maps for the years 2017-2020. Maps depicting the intactness of global biodiversity have become a critical tool for spatial planning and management, monitoring the extent of biodiversity across Earth, and identifying critical remaining intact habitat. Yet, these maps are often years out of date by the time they are available to scientists and policy-makers. The datasets in this STAC Collection build on past studies that map Biodiversity Intactness using the PREDICTS database of spatially referenced observations of biodiversity across 32,000 sites from over 750 studies. The approach differs from previous work by modeling the relationship between observed biodiversity metrics and contemporary, global, geospatial layers of human pressures, with the intention of providing a high resolution monitoring product into the future. Biodiversity intactness is estimated as a combination of two metrics: Abundance, the quantity of individuals, and Compositional Similarity, how similar the composition of species is to an intact baseline. Linear mixed effects models are fit to estimate the predictive capacity of spatial datasets of human pressures on each of these metrics and project results spatially across the globe. These methods, as well as comparisons to other leading datasets and guidance on interpreting results, are further explained in a methods white paper entitled “Global 100m Projections of Biodiversity Intactness for the years 2017-2020.” All years are available under a Creative Commons BY-4.0 license.

Habitat Natura 2000: Marcite di Norcia. Codice sito: IT5210059.

Polygon features mapping Atlantic haddock spawning and nursery grounds, with attributes on the owning organisation, policy references and map naming. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment and covering Ireland.

Habitat Natura 2000: Fiume Vigi. Codice sito: IT5210045.

La base dati cartografica rappresenta le superfici oggetto di pianificazione forestale, riconducibili a Enti esponenziali, di Demanio Civico attualmente vigenti, costituiti da Domini Collettivi variamente denominati e Comuni.  Per i primi si tratta quasi integralmente di Demanio Civico (la presenza di superfici in titolarità dei Domini collettivi, non costituenti beni civici, è residuale), mentre per i terreni in titolarità dei Comuni, occorre verificare, qualora necessario, se siano presenti anche terreni appartenenti al patrimonio del Comune non facenti parte del demanio civico. sono inoltre riportati i limiti delle aree di Demanio e Patrimonio Regionale

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service are derived from a dataset produced by Forest Trends' Ecosystem Marketplace containing points and polygons depicting the location of market-based programs and projects addressing ecosystem services protection and their enabling conditions in the United States. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Habitat Natura 2000: Fosso Salto del Cieco (Ferentillo). Codice sito: IT5220015.

Trasposizione vettoriale dei limiti di Vincolo Idrogeologico (ai sensi R.D. 3267/1923 ) in scala equivalente a 1:25.000.  Nota: lo strato costituisce una trasposizione poligonale in ambiente GIS dei limiti indicati nelle cartografie originali di individuazione del vincolo, per i fini di agevolazione dell’individuazione cartografica e non sostituisce in nessun modo i documenti originali depositati presso l’Arma dei Carabinieri Forestale.  La documentazione storica di archivio che si compone degli elementi originali di cartografia allegata ai Provvedimenti originali di determinazione del vincolo per scopi idrogeologici (REGIO DECRETO 30 dicembre 1923, n. 3267 «Riordinamento e riforma della legislazione in materia di boschi e di terreni montani»), è stata digitalizzata, georiferita e unificata per ogni Comune ed è è reperibile anche online nel webgis tematico https://siat.regione.umbria.it/vincoloidrogeologico/

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service are derived from a dataset produced by Forest Trends' Ecosystem Marketplace containing points and polygons depicting the location of market-based programs and projects addressing ecosystem services protection and their enabling conditions in the United States. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service are derived from a dataset produced by Forest Trends' Ecosystem Marketplace containing points and polygons depicting the location of market-based programs and projects addressing ecosystem services protection and their enabling conditions in the United States. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). This web service includes layers depicting depicting NHD Version 2.1 Plus flowlines and waterbodies for the conterminous United States. Flowlines are separated out to display 3rd Order and smaller flowline features in one layer and 4th Order and higher flowline features in another. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

This dataset contains a raster file showing the contribution of land to the regulation of greenhouse gases (carbon) through carbon sequestration associated with the soil. This dataset is part of a dataset series that establishes an ecosystem service maps (national scale) for a set of services prioritised through stakeholder consultation and any intermediate layers created by Environment Systems Ltd in the cause of the project. The individual dataset resources in the datasets series are to be considered in conjunction with the project report: https://www.npws.ie/research-projects/ecosystems-services-mapping-and-assessment The project provides a National Ecosystem and Ecosystem Services (ES) map for a suite of prioritised services to assist implementation of MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their services) in Ireland. This involves stakeholder consultation for identification of services to be mapped, the development of a list of indicators and proxies for mapping, as well as an assessment of limitations to ES mapping on differing scales (Local, Catchment, Region, National, EU) based on data availability. Reporting on data gaps forms part of the project outputs. The project relied on the usage of pre-existing data, which was also utilised to create intermediate data layers to aid in ES mapping. For a full list of the data used throughout the project workings, please refer to the project report.

Habitat Natura 2000: Monti lo Stiglio - Pagliaro. Codice sito: IT5210056.

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service depict ecosystem services at the census block group level for all EnviroAtlas communities. These layers illustrate the ecosystems and natural resources that are associated with clean air, clean and plentiful water, natural hazard mitigation, climate stabilization, recreation, culture, and aesthetics, and biodiversity conservation, and factors that place stress on those resources. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service depict ecosystem services at the census block group level for all EnviroAtlas communities. These layers illustrate the ecosystems and natural resources that are associated with clean air, clean and plentiful water, natural hazard mitigation, climate stabilization, recreation, culture, and aesthetics, and biodiversity conservation, and factors that place stress on those resources. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service depict ecosystem services at the census block group level for all EnviroAtlas communities. These layers illustrate the ecosystems and natural resources that are associated with clean air, clean and plentiful water, natural hazard mitigation, climate stabilization, recreation, culture, and aesthetics, and biodiversity conservation, and factors that place stress on those resources. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service depict ecosystem services at the census block group level for all EnviroAtlas communities. These layers illustrate the ecosystems and natural resources that are associated with clean air, clean and plentiful water, natural hazard mitigation, climate stabilization, recreation, culture, and aesthetics, and biodiversity conservation, and factors that place stress on those resources. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service depict ecosystem services at the census block group level for all EnviroAtlas communities. These layers illustrate the ecosystems and natural resources that are associated with clean air, clean and plentiful water, natural hazard mitigation, climate stabilization, recreation, culture, and aesthetics, and biodiversity conservation, and factors that place stress on those resources. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service depict ecosystem services at the census block group level for all EnviroAtlas communities. These layers illustrate the ecosystems and natural resources that are associated with clean air, clean and plentiful water, natural hazard mitigation, climate stabilization, recreation, culture, and aesthetics, and biodiversity conservation, and factors that place stress on those resources. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Habitat Natura 2000: Bassa Valnerina tra Monte Fionchi e Cascata delle Marmore. Codice sito: IT5220025.

Habitat Natura 2000: Monte Torre Maggiore. Codice sito: IT5220013.

This dataset contains a habitat asset register for Ireland, e.g. a national scale habitat map conflating all nationally relevant habitat data into one dataset. This dataset is part of a dataset series that establishes an ecosystem service maps (national scale) for a set of services prioritised through stakeholder consultation and any intermediate layers created by Environment Systems Ltd in the cause of the project. The individual dataset resources in the datasets series are to be considered in conjunction with the project report: https://www.npws.ie/research-projects/ecosystems-services-mapping-and-assessment The project provides a National Ecosystem and Ecosystem Services (ES) map for a suite of prioritised services to assist implementation of MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their services) in Ireland. This involves stakeholder consultation for identification of services to be mapped, the development of a list of indicators and proxies for mapping, as well as an assessment of limitations to ES mapping on differing scales (Local, Catchment, Region, National, EU) based on data availability. Reporting on data gaps forms part of the project outputs. The project relied on the usage of pre-existing data, which was also utilised to create intermediate data layers to aid in ES mapping. For a full list of the data used throughout the project workings, please refer to the project report.

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service depict ecosystem services at the census block group level for all EnviroAtlas communities. These layers illustrate the ecosystems and natural resources that are associated with clean air, clean and plentiful water, natural hazard mitigation, climate stabilization, recreation, culture, and aesthetics, and biodiversity conservation, and factors that place stress on those resources. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Habitat Natura 2000: Palude di Colfiorito. Codice sito: IT5210072.

Full Metadata This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The layers in this web service are derived from a dataset produced by Forest Trends' Ecosystem Marketplace containing points and polygons depicting the location of market-based programs and projects addressing ecosystem services protection and their enabling conditions in the United States. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States as well as detailed metrics for select communities. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Denmark's Height Model - Surface (DHM/Surface) is a digital model of the physical surface that describes the height of buildings and vegetation above sea level. DHM/Surface and shadow maps are suitable for visualization and analysis of sight lines. Data is part of Denmark's Height Model (DHM).