(EXERCISE - DaNCE March 2026) NDVI Imagery (Copernicus Sentinel-2) for the Red River Flood May 2022

Dates of Images: Post-Event: May 24, 2022 Pre-Event: May 16, 2022 Date of Next Image: None Summary: The dynamically generated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) layer is an index for quantifying green vegetation. It reflects the state of vegetation health based on how vegetation reflects light at certain wavelengths. Suggested Use: Dark green colors are areas with a lot of green leaf growth which indicates the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll reflects more infrared light and less visible light. Areas with some green leaf growth are in light greens, and areas with little to no vegetation growth are even lighter greens. Satellite/Sensor: MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B satellites Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA Copernicus REST Endpoint: See URL on the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2603_202205_FLOOD_MN/ex2603_landsat_ndvi/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: May 5, 2022 Date of Next Image: None Summary: The dynamically generated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) layer is an index for quantifying green vegetation. It reflects the state of vegetation health based on how vegetation reflects light at certain wavelengths. Suggested Use: Dark green colors are areas with a lot of green leaf growth which indicates the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll reflects more infrared light and less visible light. Areas with some green leaf growth are in light greens, and areas with little to no vegetation growth are even lighter greens. Satellite/Sensor: MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B satellites Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA Copernicus REST Endpoint: See URL on the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2603_202205_FLOOD_MN/ex2603_sentinel2_ndvi/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: May 24, 2022 Pre-Event: May 16, 2022 Date of Next Image: None Summary: The dynamically generated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) layer is an index for quantifying green vegetation. It reflects the state of vegetation health based on how vegetation reflects light at certain wavelengths. Suggested Use: Dark green colors are areas with a lot of green leaf growth which indicates the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll reflects more infrared light and less visible light. Areas with some green leaf growth are in light greens, and areas with little to no vegetation growth are even lighter greens. Satellite/Sensor: MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B satellites Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA Copernicus REST Endpoint: See URL on the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2601_201809_HURRICANE_FLORENCE/ex2601_sentinel2_ndvi/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: June 28, 2026 Pre-Event: June 14, 2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: The dynamically generated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) layer is an index for quantifying green vegetation. It reflects the state of vegetation health based on how vegetation reflects light at certain wavelengths. Suggested Use: Dark green colors are areas with a lot of green leaf growth which indicates the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll reflects more infrared light and less visible light. Areas with some green leaf growth are in light greens, and areas with little to no vegetation growth are even lighter greens. Satellite/Sensor: MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B satellites Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA Copernicus REST Endpoint: See URL on the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/gis05/services/DISASTERS_202604_TYPHON_SINLAKU/202606_sentinel2_ndvi/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: 5/6/2018; 5/15/2024 Pre-Event: 4/8/2018; 4/21/2024 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: NDVI: The dynamically generated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) layer is an index for quantifying green vegetation. It reflects the state of vegetation health based on how vegetation reflects light at certain wavelengths. Suggested Use: NDVI: Dark green colors are areas with a lot of green leaf growth which indicates the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll reflects more infrared light and less visible light. Areas with some green leaf growth are in light greens, and areas with little to no vegetation growth are even lighter greens. Satellite/Sensor: Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on right side of page WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2602_202405_FLOOD_BRAZIL/ex2602_landsat_ndvi/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: 5/6/2024 Pre-Event: 4/21/2024 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps are produced by converting pixel values to NDVI = (Red – NIR)/(Red + NIR), NIR indicates the near infrared band. The dynamically generated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) layer is an index for quantifying green vegetation. It reflects the state of vegetation health based on how vegetation reflects light at certain wavelengths. NDVI change was created by subtracting the cloud-masked post-event NDVI from the cloud-masked pre-event NDVI to show areas of potentially impacted vegetation as negative values (darker shades) and healthy/unimpacted vegetation in positive values (lighter shades). NDVI change can give insights to impacts from an event (like the scouring of vegetation from the riverbeds) but can also show changes in unrelated areas like the clearing of agriculture fields. This layer is a binary NDVI change polygon (threshold of areas where NDVI decreased by -0.25 or more) for May 6, 2024 compared to April 21, 2024. Suggested Use: NDVI change: Commonly used to distinguish healthy/active vegetation (positive values) from potentially unhealthy/impacted vegetation (negative values). This map shows a binary flag where NDVI decreased. Satellite/Sensor: MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B satellites Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA Copernicus Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on right side of page WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2602_202405_FLOOD_BRAZIL/ex2602_sentinel2_bndvi/MapServer/WMSServer