Difference in Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) using Sentinel-2 Imagery for the California Fires May 2026

Dates of Images: Post-Event: May 20, 2026 Pre-Event: April 20, 2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: These pre-fire and post-fire images pair were analyzed for normalized burn ratio (NBR). The input images were generated from the Sentinel2- dataset at 10m resolution. NBR is defined mathematically as (NIR – SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR) where NIR is near-infrared and SWIR is short-wave infrared. dNBR is computed by the difference between the pre-fire NBR and the post-fire NBR. More information on dNBR can be found here: https://un-spider.org/advisory-support/recommended-practices/recommended-practice-burn-severity/in-detail/normalized-burn-ratio. dNBR data may be computed while the fire is in progress. This is intentionally done to prioritize rapid data availability for proactive disaster response but means data can change over the course of the fire. Check fire containment and image dates for further context on image timing. Suggested Use: NBR is commonly used as a proxy to indicate areas which have charred vegetation. Darker areas (more negative values) in the NBR image more strongly represent the presence of burned vegetation. Since the dNBR considers the condition of the scene before the fire occurred, the resulting value has been used as a proxy for burn severity. Higher dNBR values represent a proxy for greater burn severity. Negative dNBR values may represent a re-greening of or growth of vegetation in between pre and post imagery. The use of this dNBR product as a quantitative metric of burn severity at the time of posting this dataset should be strongly caveated. This is due to several dNBR limitations: The spectral band selections used for dNBR calculations, and the implication of changes observed following fire in those wavelengths, primarily pertain to how vegetation spectral signatures change in NIR and SWIR wavelengths following charring. Because of this, dNBR may not accurately describe burned surfaces that are not vegetation (e.g. human built infrastructure). This dataset has not been validated by independent burn severity assessments. The degree to which dNBR is accurately determined depends on careful selection of pre and post event imagery. An effort was made to use the highest quality imagery (i.e. cloud free) with representative conditions for each scene; however, it is unknown at the time of this posting how selection of different pre/post image pairs could affect the derived dNBR values. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-2 Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Service URL: See individual Layers. WMS Endpoint: See Descriptions of individual layers.

Dates of Images: Post-Event: June 29, 2026; July 2, 2026; July 4, 2026 Pre-Event: June 19, 2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: These pre-fire and post-fire images pair were analyzed for normalized burn ratio (NBR). The input images were generated from the Sentinel2- dataset at 10m resolution. NBR is defined mathematically as (NIR – SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR) where NIR is near-infrared and SWIR is short-wave infrared. dNBR is computed by the difference between the pre-fire NBR and the post-fire NBR. More information on dNBR can be found here: https://un-spider.org/advisory-support/recommended-practices/recommended-practice-burn-severity/in-detail/normalized-burn-ratio. dNBR data may be computed while the fire is in progress. This is intentionally done to prioritize rapid data availability for proactive disaster response but means data can change over the course of the fire. Check fire containment and image dates for further context on image timing. Suggested Use: NBR is commonly used as a proxy to indicate areas which have charred vegetation. Darker areas (more negative values) in the NBR image more strongly represent the presence of burned vegetation. Since the dNBR considers the condition of the scene before the fire occurred, the resulting value has been used as a proxy for burn severity. Higher dNBR values represent a proxy for greater burn severity. Negative dNBR values may represent a re-greening of or growth of vegetation in between pre and post imagery. The use of this dNBR product as a quantitative metric of burn severity at the time of posting this dataset should be strongly caveated. This is due to several dNBR limitations: The spectral band selections used for dNBR calculations, and the implication of changes observed following fire in those wavelengths, primarily pertain to how vegetation spectral signatures change in NIR and SWIR wavelengths following charring. Because of this, dNBR may not accurately describe burned surfaces that are not vegetation (e.g. human built infrastructure). This dataset has not been validated by independent burn severity assessments. The degree to which dNBR is accurately determined depends on careful selection of pre and post event imagery. An effort was made to use the highest quality imagery (i.e. cloud free) with representative conditions for each scene; however, it is unknown at the time of this posting how selection of different pre/post image pairs could affect the derived dNBR values. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-2 Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Service URL: See individual Layers. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202607_FIRE_CO/202614_sentinel2_dnbr/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: May 16, 2026 Pre-Event: May 11, 2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: These pre-fire and post-fire images pair were analyzed for normalized burn ratio (NBR). The input images were generated from the Sentinel-2 dataset at 10m resolution. NBR is defined mathematically as (NIR – SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR) where NIR is near-infrared and SWIR is short-wave infrared. dNBR is computed by the difference between the pre-fire NBR and the post-fire NBR. More information on dNBR can be found here: https://un-spider.org/advisory-support/recommended-practices/recommended-practice-burn-severity/in-detail/normalized-burn-ratio. dNBR data may be computed while the fire is in progress. This is intentionally done to prioritize rapid data availability for proactive disaster response but means data can change over the course of the fire. Check fire containment and image dates for further context on image timing. Suggested Use: NBR is commonly used as a proxy to indicate areas which have charred vegetation. Darker areas (more negative values) in the NBR image more strongly represent the presence of burned vegetation. Since the dNBR considers the condition of the scene before the fire occurred, the resulting value has been used as a proxy for burn severity. Higher dNBR values represent a proxy for greater burn severity. Negative dNBR values may represent a re-greening of or growth of vegetation in between pre and post imagery. The use of this dNBR product as a quantitative metric of burn severity at the time of posting this dataset should be strongly caveated. This is due to several dNBR limitations: The spectral band selections used for dNBR calculations, and the implication of changes observed following fire in those wavelengths, primarily pertain to how vegetation spectral signatures change in NIR and SWIR wavelengths following charring. Because of this, dNBR may not accurately describe burned surfaces that are not vegetation (e.g. human built infrastructure). This dataset has not been validated by independent burn severity assessments. The degree to which dNBR is accurately determined depends on careful selection of pre and post event imagery. An effort was made to use the highest quality imagery (i.e. cloud free) with representative conditions for each scene; however, it is unknown at the time of this posting how selection of different pre/post image pairs could affect the derived dNBR values. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-2 Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, ESA Copernicus Service URL: See URL to the bottom right. WMS Endpoint: See URLs at the bottom of the description for each individual layer.

Dates of Images: Post-Event: June 29, 2026; July 2, 2026; July 4, 2026 Pre-Event: June 19, 2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: These pre-fire and post-fire images pair were analyzed for normalized burn ratio (NBR). The input images were generated from the Sentinel2- dataset at 10m resolution. NBR is defined mathematically as (NIR – SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR) where NIR is near-infrared and SWIR is short-wave infrared. dNBR is computed by the difference between the pre-fire NBR and the post-fire NBR. More information on dNBR can be found here: https://un-spider.org/advisory-support/recommended-practices/recommended-practice-burn-severity/in-detail/normalized-burn-ratio. dNBR data may be computed while the fire is in progress. This is intentionally done to prioritize rapid data availability for proactive disaster response but means data can change over the course of the fire. Check fire containment and image dates for further context on image timing. Suggested Use: NBR is commonly used as a proxy to indicate areas which have charred vegetation. Darker areas (more negative values) in the NBR image more strongly represent the presence of burned vegetation. Since the dNBR considers the condition of the scene before the fire occurred, the resulting value has been used as a proxy for burn severity. Higher dNBR values represent a proxy for greater burn severity. Negative dNBR values may represent a re-greening of or growth of vegetation in between pre and post imagery. The use of this dNBR product as a quantitative metric of burn severity at the time of posting this dataset should be strongly caveated. This is due to several dNBR limitations: The spectral band selections used for dNBR calculations, and the implication of changes observed following fire in those wavelengths, primarily pertain to how vegetation spectral signatures change in NIR and SWIR wavelengths following charring. Because of this, dNBR may not accurately describe burned surfaces that are not vegetation (e.g. human built infrastructure). This dataset has not been validated by independent burn severity assessments. The degree to which dNBR is accurately determined depends on careful selection of pre and post event imagery. An effort was made to use the highest quality imagery (i.e. cloud free) with representative conditions for each scene; however, it is unknown at the time of this posting how selection of different pre/post image pairs could affect the derived dNBR values. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-2 Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Service URL: See individual Layers. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202607_FIRE_CO/sentinel2_dnbr/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: May 19, 2026 Pre-Event: May 11, 2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: These pre-fire and post-fire images pair were analyzed for normalized burn ratio (NBR). The input images were generated from the Sentinel-2 dataset at 10m resolution. NBR is defined mathematically as (NIR – SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR) where NIR is near-infrared and SWIR is short-wave infrared. dNBR is computed by the difference between the pre-fire NBR and the post-fire NBR. More information on dNBR can be found here: https://un-spider.org/advisory-support/recommended-practices/recommended-practice-burn-severity/in-detail/normalized-burn-ratio. dNBR data may be computed while the fire is in progress. This is intentionally done to prioritize rapid data availability for proactive disaster response but means data can change over the course of the fire. Check fire containment and image dates for further context on image timing. Suggested Use: NBR is commonly used as a proxy to indicate areas which have charred vegetation. Darker areas (more negative values) in the NBR image more strongly represent the presence of burned vegetation. Since the dNBR considers the condition of the scene before the fire occurred, the resulting value has been used as a proxy for burn severity. Higher dNBR values represent a proxy for greater burn severity. Negative dNBR values may represent a re-greening of or growth of vegetation in between pre and post imagery. The use of this dNBR product as a quantitative metric of burn severity at the time of posting this dataset should be strongly caveated. This is due to several dNBR limitations: The spectral band selections used for dNBR calculations, and the implication of changes observed following fire in those wavelengths, primarily pertain to how vegetation spectral signatures change in NIR and SWIR wavelengths following charring. Because of this, dNBR may not accurately describe burned surfaces that are not vegetation (e.g. human built infrastructure). This dataset has not been validated by independent burn severity assessments. The degree to which dNBR is accurately determined depends on careful selection of pre and post event imagery. An effort was made to use the highest quality imagery (i.e. cloud free) with representative conditions for each scene; however, it is unknown at the time of this posting how selection of different pre/post image pairs could affect the derived dNBR values. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-2 Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, ESA Copernicus Service URL: See URL to the bottom right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202605_FIRE_KS/202608_landsat_dnbr/ImageServer/WMSServer

Date of Image(s): 12/18/2024; UTC: 183709 1/12/25; UTC: 183731 Summary: These pre-fire and post-fire images pair were analyzed for normalized burn ratio (NBR). The input imagers were generated from the ESA’s Sentinel-2’s Multi-Spectral imager. They were created from the Level 2A products which have been atmospherically corrected and orthorectified. NBR is defined mathematically as (NIR – SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR) where NIR is near-infrared and SWIR is short-wave infrared. For Sentinel 2, NIR = Band 8 and SWIR = Band 12. Using these definitions, the 20-meter resolution Band 8 and Band 12 images were used to generate these products. Sentinel-2 NBR methods: https://custom-scripts.sentinel-hub.com/custom-scripts/sentinel-2/nbr/ Finally dNBR is simply the difference between the pre-fire NBR and the post-fire NBR. Thus, we calculated dNBR as dNBR = NBR(12/18/2024) - NBR(01/12/2025). Suggested Use: NBR is commonly used as a proxy to indicate areas which have charred vegetation. Darker areas (more negative values) in the NBR image more strongly represent the presence of burned vegetation. Since the dNBR considers the condition of the scene before the fire occurred, the resulting value has been used as a proxy for burn severity. More positive values in the dNBR analysis represent a proxy for greater burn severity. Negative values in dNBR represent a re-greening of or growth of vegetation in between pre and post imagery. The use of this dNBR product as a quantitative metric of burn severity of the Los Angeles Fires at the time of posting this dataset should be strongly caveated. This is due to several dNBR Limitations: The spectral band selections used in the NBR and dNBR calculations, and the implication of changes observed following fire in those wavelengths, primarily pertain to how vegetation spectral signatures change in NIR and SWIR wavelengths following charring. Because of this, dNBR may not accurately describe burned surfaces that are not vegetation (e.g. human built infrastructure). This dataset has not been validated by independent burn severity assessments. The degree to which dNBR is accurately determined depends on careful selection of pre and post event imagery. An effort was made to use the highest quality imagery (i.e. cloud free) with the shortest time difference possible in the image pair; however, it is unknown at the time of this posting how selection of different pre/post image pairs could affect the derived dNBR values. Satellite/Sensor: ESA Copernicus Sentinel-2 Resolution: 20 m in infrared bands Credits: Copernicus Sentinel-2 data was downloaded from the Sentinel-2 data explorer (https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/explore-data/data-collections/sentinel-data/sentinel-2) Data processed by Kyle Kabasares (ARC; kyle.k.kabasares@nasa.gov) References: Normalize Burn Ratio theory: https://un-spider.org/advisory-support/recommended-practices/recommended-practice-burn-severity/in-detail/normalized-burn-ratio Service URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/home/item.html?id=3bc872886af24b799acd2ef881691a6a WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202501_FIRE_CA/2501_sentinel2_dnbr/ImageServer/WMSServer