(EXERCISE - DaNCE March 2026) Optical Imagery (Landsat 9) for the Red River Flooding May 2022

Dates of Images: Post-Event: May 8, 2024; May 15, 2024 Pre-Event: April 6, 2024; April 21, 2024 Summary: True Color: The True Color RGB composite provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The RGB is created using the red, green, and blue channels of the respective instrument. Color Infrared: The Color Infrared composite is created using the near-infrared, red, and green channels, allowing for the ability to see areas impacted from the fires. The near-infrared gives the ability to see through thin clouds. Healthy vegetation is shown as red, water is in blue. Suggested Use: True Color: provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The True Color RGB is produced using the 3 visible wavelength bands (red, green, and blue) from the respective sensor. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Color Infrared: depicts healthy vegetation as red, water as blue. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Satellite/Sensor: Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on right side of page WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202405_FLOOD_BRAZIL/ex2602_landsat/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: 5/24/2022 Pre-Event: 5/16/2022 Summary: True Color: The True Color RGB composite provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The RGB is created using the red, green, and blue channels of the respective instrument. Color Infrared: The Color Infrared composite is created using the near-infrared, red, and green channels, allowing for the ability to see areas impacted from the fires. The near-infrared gives the ability to see through thin clouds. Healthy vegetation is shown as red, water is in blue. Suggested Use: True Color: provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The True Color RGB is produced using the 3 visible wavelength bands (red, green, and blue) from the respective sensor. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Color Infrared: depicts healthy vegetation as red, water as blue. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Satellite/Sensor: Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on right side of page

Dates of Images: Post-Event: 6/28/2026 Pre-Event: 5/3/2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: True Color: The True Color RGB composite provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The RGB is created using the red, green, and blue channels of the respective instrument. Color Infrared: The Color Infrared composite is created using the near-infrared, red, and green channels, allowing for the ability to see areas impacted from the fires. The near-infrared gives the ability to see through thin clouds. Healthy vegetation is shown as red, water is in blue. Suggested Use: True Color: provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The True Color RGB is produced using the 3 visible wavelength bands (red, green, and blue) from the respective sensor. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Color Infrared: depicts healthy vegetation as red, water as blue. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Satellite/Sensor: Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI-2) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on right side of page WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202606_FLOOD_LA/202610_landsat/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: May 8, 2024; May 15, 2024 Pre-Event: April 6, 2024; April 21, 2024 Summary: True Color: The True Color RGB composite provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The RGB is created using the red, green, and blue channels of the respective instrument. Color Infrared: The Color Infrared composite is created using the near-infrared, red, and green channels, allowing for the ability to see areas impacted from the fires. The near-infrared gives the ability to see through thin clouds. Healthy vegetation is shown as red, water is in blue. Suggested Use: True Color: provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The True Color RGB is produced using the 3 visible wavelength bands (red, green, and blue) from the respective sensor. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Color Infrared: depicts healthy vegetation as red, water as blue. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Satellite/Sensor: Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on right side of page

Dates of Images: Post-Event: Pre-Event: 5/3/2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: True Color: The True Color RGB composite provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The RGB is created using the red, green, and blue channels of the respective instrument. Color Infrared: The Color Infrared composite is created using the near-infrared, red, and green channels, allowing for the ability to see areas impacted from the fires. The near-infrared gives the ability to see through thin clouds. Healthy vegetation is shown as red, water is in blue. Suggested Use: True Color: provides a product of how the surface would look to the naked eye from space. The True Color RGB is produced using the 3 visible wavelength bands (red, green, and blue) from the respective sensor. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Color Infrared: depicts healthy vegetation as red, water as blue. Some minor atmospheric corrections have occurred. Satellite/Sensor: Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI-2) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on right side of page WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202601_WINTERWX_US/202601_landsat/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: 5/24/2022 Pre-Event: 5/16/2022 Summary: mNDWI: The Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mNDWI) provides a different view of the Earth's surface combining different bands to make water bodies more obvious. This index can be used to identify flooded areas as well as heavily saturated areas. Suggested Use: mNDWI: Areas of existing water, such as a rivers or lakes appear in the darkest green with high values near 1, while dry land appears in the darkest brown with low values near -1. This product can be used to identify potentially flooded areas that can be seen in varying shades of green and light brown depending on the amount of moisture picked up by the satellite. Note: Areas of cloud cover will show up in varying shades of green/blue similar to water. Satellite/Sensor: Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on right side of page WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2603_202205_FLOOD_MN/ex2603_landsat_mndwi/ImageServer/WMSServer