(EXERCISE - DaNCE March 2026) MODIS Flood Product for the Brazil Floods May 2024

Date of Images: 5/15/2024, 5/8/2024, 4/21/2024, 4/6/2024 Summary: Scientists at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center created these water extents using Landsat imagery. These images can be used to see where open water is visible at the time of the satellite overpass. This product shows all water detected and differentiates between normal water areas and some flooded areas. This product was classified using the ESA Worldview. It's important to note that all flooded areas may not be captured do to the sensors limitations of not being able to "see" through vegetation and buildings. To determine where additional flooding may have occurred, combine this layer with other data sets. Suggested Use: This product shows water that is detected by the sensor with different colors indicating different land cover/land use classifications from CDL that appear to have water and are potentially flooded. Blue (1): Known Water Red (2): Flooded Developed Green (3): Flooded Vegetation Orange (4): Flooded Cropland/Grassland Gray (5): Clouds/Cloud Shadow (0): No Data Satellite/Sensor: Landsat Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA Disasters Program, Includes copyrighted material of Planet Labs PBC. All rights reserved. Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on the right side of page. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2602_202405_FLOOD_BRAZIL/2602_landsat_WaterExtent/MapServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: 5/8/2024; 5/15/2024 Pre-Event: 4/6/2024; 4/21/2024 Summary: mNDWI: The Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mNDWI) provides a different view of the Earth's surface combining different bands to make water bodies more obvious. This index can be used to identify flooded areas as well as heavily saturated areas. Suggested Use: mNDWI: Areas of existing water, such as a rivers or lakes appear in the darkest green with high values near 1, while dry land appears in the darkest brown with low values near -1. This product can be used to identify potentially flooded areas that can be seen in varying shades of green and light brown depending on the amount of moisture picked up by the satellite. Note: Areas of cloud cover will show up in varying shades of green/blue similar to water. Satellite/Sensor: Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on right side of page WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2602_202405_FLOOD_BRAZIL/ex2602_landsat_mndwi/ImageServer/WMSServer

Date of Images: 5/5/2022 Summary: Scientists at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center created these water extents using Landsat imagery. These images can be used to see where open water is visible at the time of the satellite overpass. This product shows all water detected and differentiates between normal water areas and some flooded areas. This product was classified using the ESA Worldview. It's important to note that all flooded areas may not be captured do to the sensors limitations of not being able to "see" through vegetation and buildings. To determine where additional flooding may have occurred, combine this layer with other data sets. Suggested Use: This product shows water that is detected by the sensor with different colors indicating different land cover/land use classifications from CDL that appear to have water and are potentially flooded. Blue (1): Known Water Red (2): Flooded Developed Green (3): Flooded Vegetation Orange (4): Flooded Cropland/Grassland Gray (5): Clouds/Cloud Shadow (0): No Data Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-2 Resolution: 10 meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA Copernicus Esri REST Endpoint: See URL section on the right side of page. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2602_202405_FLOOD_BRAZIL/ex2602_sentinel2_WaterExtent/MapServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: Post-Event: May 6, 2024 Pre-Event: April 21, 2024 Date of Next Image: None Summary: The Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mNDWI) provides a different view of the Earth's surface combining different bands to make water bodies more obvious. This index can be used to identify flooded areas as well as heavily saturated areas. Suggested Use: For mNDWI, Areas of existing water, such as a rivers or lakes appear in the darkest green with high values near 1, while dry land appears in the darkest brown with low values near -1. This product can be used to identify potentially flooded areas that can be seen in varying shades of green and light brown depending on the amount of moisture picked up by the satellite. Note: Areas of cloud cover will show up in varying shades of green/blue similar to water Satellite/Sensor: MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B satellites Resolution: 10 Meters Credits: NASA/MSFC, USGS, ESA Copernicus Esri REST Endpoint: See layers below. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2602_202405_FLOOD_BRAZIL/ex2602_sentinel2_mndwi/ImageServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: 5/3/2022, 5/10/2022 Summary: MODIS Global Flood Product, MCDWD, showing flooding observed on 5/3 and 5/10/2022 along the Red river in North Dakota and Manitoba. Product is based on optical imagery from the MODIS sensor, on both Terra and Aqua spacecraft. Observation times are approximately 10:30 am and 1:30 pm local time; flood extents at other times may not be observed. The 2-day composite product is delivered here; this uses observations from the given date and one day previous (eg 5/2 and 5/3 for the 5/3 product). For this event, 5/3 product was the first available after the clouds cleared, and the 2-day product shows reasonable flood coverage. The 1-day product shows more coverage, but also more false-positives; it may be of interest to some users. One week later, much of the flooding persisted (5/10). Caveats: Flooding is determined by comparing observed water extent to a reference water map, which may be inaccurate in fine details; some "flood" may be expected surface water, and some "surface water" may actually be flood, but both indicate areas where water was detected. The 2-day product has many fewer cloud-shadow false-positives than 1-day products, but these may still occur. Users are advised to review the source optical imagery (Terra and Aqua) in Worldview to confirm (https://go.nasa.gov/globalflood). Worldview also hosts the 2- and 3-day composite products, and allows rapid examination of all daily products. At 250 m resolution, this product will not reliably capture flood extents smaller than 250 m. As this is optical imagery, flooding under clouds will not be detected. Suggested Use: Red in the displayed image indicates flood; blue indicates expected surface water. Satellite/Sensor/Resolution: Terra and Aqua satellites, MODIS sensor, daily 250m resolution data (10:30 am observation for Terra, 1:30 pm for Aqua) Credits: NRT MODIS/Aqua+Terra Global Flood Product MCDWD_L3_NRT distributed from NASA LANCE. Available online [https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/global-flood-product]. doi:10.5067/MODIS/MCDWD_L3_NRT.061 Project website includes FAQs and contacts for support: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/global-flood-product

Dates of Images: 5/3/2022, 5/10/2022 Summary: MODIS Global Flood Product, MCDWD, showing flooding observed on 5/3 and 5/10/2022 along the Red river in North Dakota and Manitoba. Product is based on optical imagery from the MODIS sensor, on both Terra and Aqua spacecraft. Observation times are approximately 10:30 am and 1:30 pm local time; flood extents at other times may not be observed. The 2-day composite product is delivered here; this uses observations from the given date and one day previous (eg 5/2 and 5/3 for the 5/3 product). For this event, 5/3 product was the first available after the clouds cleared, and the 2-day product shows reasonable flood coverage. The 1-day product shows more coverage, but also more false-positives; it may be of interest to some users. One week later, much of the flooding persisted (5/10). Caveats: Flooding is determined by comparing observed water extent to a reference water map, which may be inaccurate in fine details; some "flood" may be expected surface water, and some "surface water" may actually be flood, but both indicate areas where water was detected. The 2-day product has many fewer cloud-shadow false-positives than 1-day products, but these may still occur. Users are advised to review the source optical imagery (Terra and Aqua) in Worldview to confirm (https://go.nasa.gov/globalflood). Worldview also hosts the 2- and 3-day composite products, and allows rapid examination of all daily products. At 250 m resolution, this product will not reliably capture flood extents smaller than 250 m. As this is optical imagery, flooding under clouds will not be detected. Suggested Use: Red in the displayed image indicates flood; blue indicates expected surface water. Satellite/Sensor/Resolution: Terra and Aqua satellites, MODIS sensor, daily 250m resolution data (10:30 am observation for Terra, 1:30 pm for Aqua) Credits: NRT MODIS/Aqua+Terra Global Flood Product MCDWD_L3_NRT distributed from NASA LANCE. Available online [https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/global-flood-product]. doi:10.5067/MODIS/MCDWD_L3_NRT.061 Project website includes FAQs and contacts for support: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/global-flood-product