Oceans data

Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2025 and will be retired in December 2027. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. Aragonite is the primary mineral in cool water marine environments. Aragonite saturation state is a function of carbonate ion concentration and used to track ocean acidification. Aragonite is used by marine life “calcifiers,” organisms that construct their shells and skeletons from the mineral. Coral reefs are mainly found in regions where open ocean aragonite saturation is 3.0 or higher.   Phenomenon Mapped: Seafloor Omega AragoniteUnits: Omega(Ω) - Calculated saturation stateCell Size: 30 arc seconds, approximately 1 kmSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Unsigned integerSpatial Reference: GCS_WGS_1984Mosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Global oceansSource: Marine Conservation Institute (MCI)Citation: Orr JC, Fabry VJ, Aumont O, Bopp L, Doney SC, et al. (2005) Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437: 681–686.Publication Date: 2005ArcGIS Server URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/sharing/servers/29757381ed3b49cfa126f2b416c2a41f/ The Marine Conservation Institute used this dataset as an input to a predictive habitat model documented in the publication Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals.  The source data is available from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Satellite Geodesy Webpage. What can you do with this layer? Visualization: This layer can be used for visualization online in web maps and in ArcGIS Desktop.  Analysis: This layer can be used as an input to geoprocessing tools and model builder.  Raster Functions: Cartographic Renderer - see this blog for more information.

Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2025 and will be retired in December 2027. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. Portions of the world's oceans are extremely remote including areas in the South Pacific that are more the 2,500 km from the nearest land. Distance from shore can be used in asset management, modeling project costs, and as an index of human influence.  Phenomenon Mapped: Distance from shoreUnits: KilometersCell Size: 655.9259912 metersSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Signed integerSpatial Reference: World Equidistant CylindricalMosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Global oceansSource: EsriPublication Date: 2015ArcGIS Server URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/sharing/servers/bbf358c216df4d6aae31f81fc19b88d7/ The Distance from Shore layer was calculated by Esri using the Euclidean Distance Tool in ArcMap and the Esri Country Boundaries layer.  What can you do with this layer? Visualization: This layer can be used for visualization online in web maps and in ArcGIS Desktop. Analysis: This layer can be used as an input to geoprocessing tools and model builder.  Raster Functions: Unit Conversion – kilometers to miles, Unit Conversion - kilometers to nautical miles, Cartographic Renderer, and Classified Renderer see this blog for more information.

The Programme for Government is committed to develop comprehensive legislation for the identification, designation, and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Irish territorial waters.

Polygon features classifying seabed substrate, published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment. Each feature carries policy names and codes, map and chapter references, and an FOLK_5 attribute. Coverage is Ireland.

Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2025 and will be retired in December 2027. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. The concentration of dissolved gases in water is of prime importance in considering the quality of water. Sufficient amounts of dissolved oxygen are required for marine-life survival. Dissolved oxygen levels are influenced by temperature and salinity.The ability for oxygen to dissolve in water (solubility) decreases as temperature and salinity increase. Poorly oxygenated areas, or those with a dissolved oxygen level below 1, are considered dead zones or hypoxic zones. Dissolved oxygen is carried to the deep-sea floor by the descending surface waters. Phenomenon Mapped: Seafloor dissolved oxygenUnits: Milliliters per liter (ml/l) Cell Size: 30 arc seconds, approximately 1 kmSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Unsigned integerSpatial Reference: GCS_WGS_1984Mosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Global oceansSource: Marine Conservation Institute (MCI)Citation: Garcia HE, Locarnini RA, Boyer TP, Antonov JI (2006) World Ocean Atlas 2005, Volume 3: Dissolved Oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, and Oxygen Saturation. In: Levitus S, editor. 342 p. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 63, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC.Publication Date: 2006ArcGIS Server URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/sharing/servers/e545106577054ed9842be4cb1aaa1f02/ The Marine Conservation Institute used this dataset as an input to a predictive habitat model documented in the publication Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals. What can you do with this layer?  Visualization: This layer can be used for visualization online in web maps and in ArcGIS Desktop.  Analysis: This layer can be used as an input to geoprocessing tools and model builder.  Raster Functions: Cartographic Renderer - see this blog for more information.

Point features representing main coastal cities or towns, with policy reference attributes. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment and covering Ireland.

The Defence Organisation provides a broad range of marine security services; it also undertakes a diverse range of non-security related tasks in Irish waters and beyond. The Sea-Fisheries Protection Authority (SFPA) as competent Authority has a Service Level Agreement with the Department of Defence (DoD) to secure efficient enforcement of sea-fisheries law through support from the Irish Defence Forces. The Naval Service is the State's principal seagoing agency, with a general responsibility to meet contingent and actual maritime defence requirements. In support of the Navy, the Air Corps’ Maritime Patrol Aircraft are primarily tasked on domestic fishery protection missions. Any proposal that has the potential to interfere with the performance by the Defence Forces of their security and non-security related tasks must be subject to consultation with the Defence Organisation. This includes potential interference with: Safety of navigation and access to naval facilities; Firing, test or exercise areas; Communication, and surveillance systems; and Fishery protection functions. Additionally, Haulbowline Naval Base in Cork is of strategic importance and there may be a need for future expansion of the Naval Base. Any future development proposals in Cork Harbour will also need to take cognisance of the requirements of the Naval Service.

Havbundssedimentkortet, der er opdateret i 2020, viser den geografiske fordeling af havbundssedimenterne i de danske farvande. Den givne sedimentklassificering repræsenterer den primære sedimenttype i de øverste 0,5 m af havbunden. Hver sedimentklasse er defineret ud fra den specifikke kornstørrelsesfordeling. Morænel er dog et blandet sediment af ler, sand og grus, og sedimentære bjergarter udtrykker tilstedeværelsen af aflejringer med en alder på flere millioner år og forskellig historie. På grund af den ujævne datafordeling er klassificeringerne baseret på interpolationer mellem datapunkter sammen med kendskab til den geologiske historie, vanddybder og havbundens morfologi. Derudover er tilgængelig biologisk information (fordeling af alger, ålegræs, muslingebanker osv.) inkluderet som baggrundsinformation. The Seabed sediment map, which is updated in 2020, shows the spatial distribution of the seabed sediments in the Danish waters. The given sediment classification represents the major sediment type of the upper 0.5 m of the seabed. Each sediment class is defined based on the specific grain size distribution. However, till is a mixed sediment of clay, sand and gravel, and sedimentary rocks express the presence of deposits with an age of several million years and different histories. Due to the uneven data distribution, the classifications are based on interpolations between data points together with the knowledge of the geological history the water depths and seabed morphology. Furthermore, available biological information (distribution of algae, eelgrass, mussel beds etc.) has been included as background information.

Global coastline boundaries at 1:10 million scale from Natural Earth, representing the boundary between land and sea. Derived from a combination of vector and raster sources and hand-edited for cartographic accuracy. Use this layer as a base map reference for continental and global-scale maps, coastal analysis, maritime boundary studies, and environmental assessments worldwide. No additional information provided.

Global ocean polygon layer at 1:10 million scale from Natural Earth, representing all ocean and sea areas. Split into contiguous pieces for efficient GIS use. Use this layer for ocean masking, maritime analysis, and as a reference base for global and continental-scale thematic maps. No additional information provided.

Polygon features representing subtidal sandbanks, with attributes for sandbank name and links to related policy and map information. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment and covering Ireland.

Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2025 and will be retired in December 2027. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. Salinity is the quantity of dissolved salt in water. Marine life have a limited range of salinity that they can live in. Open ocean seawater typically has a salinity of 32 to 37. Temperature and salinity characteristics help determine origin of water masses. Phenomenon Mapped: Seafloor SalinityUnits: g/kg - practical salinity scaleCell Size: 30 arc seconds, approximately 1 kmSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Unsigned integerSpatial Reference: GCS_WGS_1984Mosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Global oceansSource: Marine Conservation Institute (MCI)Citation: Boyer TP, Levitus S, Garcia HE, Locamini RA, Stephens C, et al. (2005) Objective analyses of annual, seasonal, and monthly temperature and salinity for the World Ocean on a 0.25° grid. International Journal of Climatology 25: 931–945.Publication Date: 2005ArcGIS Server URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/sharing/servers/f724cddbec6b45f0bbb9950404b10163/ The Marine Conservation Institute used this dataset as an input to a predictive habitat model documented in the publication Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals. What can you do with this layer? Visualization: This layer can be used for visualization online in web maps and in ArcGIS Desktop.  Analysis: This layer can be used as an input to geoprocessing tools and model builder.  Raster Functions: Cartographic Renderer - see this blog for more information.

Galway County Scenic Routes. Produced as part of the Galway County Development Plan 2022-2028.  See Appendix 4 Landscape Character Assessment and www.galway.ie for further details. A scenic route is not and cannot be a comprehensive protection for the entire landscape. It does provide an instrument for predicting and assessing representative measurement of what effects would be experienced. by most potential public viewers in the majority of circumstances. Seven Scenic Routes have been identified: Maritime Scenic Route Galway Bay Scenic Route Galway Clifden Scenic Route Sraith Salach Letterfrack Scenic Route Maum Valley Scenic Route Lough Corrib Scenic Route Slieve Aughty Scenic Route Galway County Council provides this information with the understanding that it is not guaranteed to be accurate, correct, or complete. Galway County Council accepts no liability for any loss or damage suffered by those using this data for any purpose.

Overview This Feature Service presents comprehensive bathymetric data for ocean areas within North America, resulting from a collaborative effort between the national atlas programs of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, in partnership with the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC). The service provides standardized geospatial data at a 1:10,000,000 scale, forming part of the North American Environmental Atlas. Feature Layers NA Bathymetry Lines: This layer depicts isobaths, or lines of equal ocean depth, providing detailed measurements at key depths including sea level (coastline), 200, 500, and 2500 meters. It helps visualize depth contours relevant for oceanographic studies and marine navigation. NA Bathymetry Polygons: This layer complements the lines by delineating polygonal areas that represent depth ranges such as 0-200, 200-500, 500-2500, and depths greater than 2500 meters. These polygons assist in understanding the distribution of ocean depths in the region. Geographic Coverage The data covers oceanic and coastal regions of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, with supplementary contextual data for adjacent areas beyond these countries to complete the geographic context. Data Sources and Licensing The data is a product of joint efforts from federal agencies including Natural Resources Canada, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía in Mexico, and the U.S. Geological Survey. It is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), allowing redistribution and adaptation with appropriate attribution. Update frequency: Irregular Limitations of use: Intended for continental-scale reference. Vintage: The information presented in the map layer represents the available input data in 2010 Applications (Intended Use) Environmental planning and management in coastal and marine ecosystems. Marine navigation and oceanographic research. Integration with other thematic layers in the North American Environmental Atlas for comprehensive continental analysis. Supporting cross-border environmental cooperation and policy-making among North American nations. Files Download

High-resolution vector coastline and shoreline dataset for Africa at 30-metre resolution, derived from Landsat satellite imagery. Includes continental coastlines and major island shorelines. Use this layer for coastal zone management, maritime boundary analysis, coastal erosion monitoring, infrastructure planning, and environmental assessments across Africa. No additional information provided.

Apparent Visible Wavelength (AVW) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). The AVW data product leverages OCI's continuous, hyperspectral set of remote sensing reflectance wavelengths spanning the visible spectrum (from 400-700 nanometers, nm) to calculate AVW in units of nm, a single value describing the dominant color of the water being observed (Vandermeulen et al. 2020; Vandermeulen and Cetinic 2024). AVW is provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of approximately 0.04 degrees, or 4 kilometers (km) at the equator. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of land, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Apparent Visible Wavelength [nm] Apparent visible wavelength, a measure of ocean color, in units of nanometers (nm) Spatial resolution 4 km2 Level-3, mapped to standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE AVW products, which are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Apparent Optical Properties (AOP) suite. NASA Earthdata account required to download. Data Version Version 3.2 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.2 Release Notes for details. Latency ̃1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Lower latency “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE AVW products are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Apparent Optical Properties (AOP) suite. Latency typically account required to download. What can I do with this layer? AVW is simple and intuitive spectral classification tool that enables a more manageable handling of complex spectral information for aquatic science applications (Vandermeulen et al. 2020). Changing values in AVW are a measure of change in the ocean's dominant color: lower AVW values represent more clear water and higher values represent more turbid water. AVW is a useful as an optical water-type index, partitioning a region's ocean observations into types relevant to water quality and marine ecosystem processes. Additionally, AVW can be applied to datasets of varying multi- and hyperspectral resolutions. This provides continuity between PACE AVW and AVW from heritage satellite ocean color sensors (those launched prior to PACE), enabling examination of longer term (up to decadal) trends of AVW in a given region (Vandermeulen et al. 2020; Vandermeulen and Cetinic 2024). The time (8 day average) and space (4 km2) resolution of this data layer supports weekly to seasonal and annual insight at sub-regional to global scales. What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: These products are Level 3, globally-binned products from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), which by default are masked (pixel data value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. For a list of these parameters, see the third column of the table included here: https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/atbd/ocl2flags/. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. at DOI 10.5067/KAROCHG01RYJ. Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied. Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more. What does AVW represent and how is it calculated? AVW is a one-dimensional geophysical metric that is inherently correlated to ocean color, as defined by the remote sensing reflectance (R(λ)rs) spectral shape across the visible region of the spectrum (400-700 nm; Vandermeulen et al. 2020). R(λ)rs, the AVW algorithm input, is used to calculate the weighted harmonic mean of the wavelengths. Output is an AVW in units of nm, a quantitative descriptor of weighted mean color reflected from the water's surface. PACE AVW spans PACE's continuous hyperspectral R(λ)rs observations across the visible spectrum while AVW from heritage multi-spectral sensors is calculated from their 4-10 available R(λ)rs channels (Vandermeulen and Cetinic 2024). The entire visible spectrum is utilized in the calculation of AVW, affording the opportunity to describe and analyze spectral trends in R(λ)rs in terms of a single variable (Vandermeulen et al. 2020). This simplification allows for streamlined visualisation and monitoring of small changes in apparent color from highly complex optical data. AVW's dimensionality reduction of spectral information is a robust and user-friendly means to describe and analyze R(λ)rs in terms of spatial and temporal trends and variability. Also, AVW can be utilized across heritage and current ocean color sensors, allowing for continuity and long term monitoring of AVW in aquatic ecosystems. What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. Global, hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance observations from OCI with over 250 spectral bands, and used to derive many of PACE's aquatic products, are available to download in NetCDF format from NASA Earthdata as Level 3, mapped data with 4 km2 resolution or as Level 2 granules at unprojected, native spatial resolution (no finer than 1.2km2). To learn more about obtaining PACE data from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find your product(s) of interest in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. To learn about using Earthdata Search to narrow your data product selection, watch this tutorial. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission? Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here. References: Vandermeulen, R. and Cetinic, I., authors. (2024) Algorithm theoretical basis document: Apparent Visible Wavelength, Version 1.1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Lab. https://doi.org/10.5067/KAROCHG01RYJ. Vandermeulen, R. A., Mannino, A., Craig, S. E. & Werdell, P. J. (2020) 150 shades of green: Using the full spectrum of remote sensing reflectance to elucidate color shifts in the ocean. Remote Sensing of Environment, 247, 111900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111900 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1

This WFS (Web Feature Service) displays spatial data outputs from the Inventory of Irish Coastal Lagoons (IICL) 2007.   The principal objectives of this project were to:  Select four different lagoon types and sample fauna and flora seasonally to gain some understanding of seasonal changes which may occur, in order to design appropriate monitoring procedures.  Sample an additional 24 lagoons to produce a total data set from 60 lagoons, which could be analysed statistically to produce a biological classification of Irish coastal lagoons.  Use the information collected from the 60 lagoons sampled, together with others visited briefly, to compare with information available concerning lagoons in other Member States in order to put the Irish lagoons into a European context.   List of layers associated with Irish Coastal Lagoons 2007 Mapping: - Inventory of Irish Coastal Lagoons 2007 Sampling Stations (NPWS) - Inventory of Irish Coastal Lagoons 2007 Site Extent (NPWS)

This is a shape file showing the potential for inundation on the coast of Palu City and its surroundings, as a result of the Central Sulawesi Tsunami. This file was generated by BMKG - the Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical agency.

This vector dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of Skipjack, Yellowfin and Bigeye Tuna in Vanuatu, produced under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative in 2023, using publicly accessible data. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat Skipjack, Yellowfin and Bigeye Tuna. (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2023-04-25 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage source statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis 2. FAO aquatic species distribution map of Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares 3. FAO aquatic species distribution map of Thunnus obesus (Bigeye tuna 3. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 4. Sea Ports 5. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 6. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for the ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Download documentation working paper/report on offshore mariculture suitability geospatial analysis Cabo Verde (Reference) Download skipjack, yellowfin, and bigeye tuna offshore mariculture suitability data for Vanuatu.

This vector dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of Thunnus alalunga (Albacore) in Vanuatu, produced under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative in 2023, using publicly accessible data. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat Thunnus alalunga (Albacore). (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2023-04-25 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of Thunnus alalunga (Albacore 2. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 3. Sea Ports 4. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 5. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for the ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Download documentation working paper/report on offshore mariculture suitability geospatial analysis Cabo Verde (Reference) Download Thunnus alalunga (Albacore) offshore mariculture suitability for - Vanuatu

This vector dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of Cobia (rachycentron canadum) in the Solomon Islands, produced under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative in 2022, using publicly accessible data. Cobia is distributed in warm marine waters worldwide displaying a very large potential suitable area. It is selected as a representative species for tropical/subtropical waters offshore mariculture. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat Cobia (rachycentron canadum). (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2022-07-26 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage source statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of Cobia (rachycentron canadum 2. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 3. Sea Ports 4. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 5. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Download documentation working paper/report on offshore mariculture suitability geospatial analysis Cabo Verde (Reference) Download cobia offshore mariculture suitability data for Solomon Islands.

This vector dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of Cobia in Vanuatu, produced under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative in 2023, using publicly accessible data. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat of Cobia (rachycentron canadum). (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2023-04-25 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage source statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis 2. FAO aquatic species distribution map of Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares 3. FAO aquatic species distribution map of Thunnus obesus (Bigeye tuna 3. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 4. Sea Ports 5. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 6. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for the ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Download Tropical/Subtropical Waters Species (Cobia) offshore mariculture suitability data for Vanuatu.

The dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) in Cabo Verde, produced under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative, using publicly accessible data. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares). (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2022-04-21 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage source statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of thunnus albacares (yellowfin tuna 2. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 3. Sea Ports Web available data 4. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 5. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Download documentation working paper/report on offshore mariculture suitability geospatial analysis Cabo Verde Download yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) offshore mariculture suitability data for Cabo Verde

The dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) in Madagascar, produced under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative, using publicly accessible data. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat of Yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares). (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2024-01-15 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage source statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares 2. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 3. Sea Ports Web available data 4. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 5. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Zipped shapefile for Offshore Mariculture Suitability for Yellowfin Tuna - Madagascar

This vector dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) in São Tomé and Príncipe, produced in 2022 under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative, using publicly accessible data. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares). (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2022-08-05 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage source statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of thunnus albacares (yellowfin tuna 2. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 3. Sea Ports 4. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 5. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Zipped raster TIF file for Offshore Mariculture Suitability for Yellowfin Tuna - São Tomé and Príncipe

The dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) in Tuvalu, produced under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative, using publicly accessible data. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares). (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2024-01-09 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage source statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of thunnus albacares (yellowfin tuna 2. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 3. Sea Ports Web available data 4. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 5. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Zipped shapefile for Offshore Mariculture Suitability for Yellowfin Tuna - Tuvalu

For more information on this data product including usage, metadata, mission information, and help resources, please reference PACE Particulate Backscattering March 2024 – present (8 Day Average) - OverviewArcGIS Image Service, WMS, and WCS functionality may be found through the Image Service REST Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/rest/services/GESDISC/PACE_OCI_L3M_IOP_BBP_442/ImageServer

For more information on this data product including usage, metadata, mission information, and help resources, please reference PACE Chlorophyll-a March 2024 – present (8 Day Average) - OverviewArcGIS Image Service, WMS, and WCS functionality may be found through the Image Service REST Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/rest/services/GESDISC/PACE_OCI_L3M_CHL/ImageServer

For more information on this data product including usage, metadata, mission information, and help resources, please reference PACE Apparent Visible Wavelength March 2024 – present (8 Day Average) - OverviewArcGIS Image Service, WMS, and WCS functionality may be found through the Image Service REST Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/rest/services/GESDISC/PACE_OCI_L3M_AVW/ImageServer

The aim of this survey was to obtain a general overview of the maritime-related collections in Ireland, to ascertain the location, ownership, condition, overall theme, and nature of the contents of each collection. It is neither an inventory nor a full evaluation of the collections, and is in no way intended to criticize either the collections or their custodians.

Dates of Images: Pre-Event: 04/20/2024 (pre-flood) Post-Event: 05/06/2024, 05/07/2024, 05/09/2024, 05/15/2024, 05/21/2024 Time Zone: GMT (local crossing time of ~1:00 pm) Summary: This product is the apparent visible wavelength (AVW) of each pixel in a scene, approximating the overall color of the surface. It is calculated by taking the harmonic mean of surface reflectances from 350 nm to 895 nm, and can provide a sense of what has changed in the landscape by comparing several days against each other, as the change in apparent color of a surface often occurs under drastic circumstances. Dates covered include one pre-flood day (04/20/2024) and 5 flood days ending on 05/21/2024 at ~1:00 local time. AVW for each day is delivered, as is a % change from the pre-flood day to each of the 5 flood days afterward, showing the magnitude of color change in the area. Depending on the direction of change, one can infer the type of surface change from AVW. Typically, this metric is calculated from Rrs used for ocean color analyses (see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111900), but can be made from surface reflectances and used over land as well. Suggested Use: Given that AVW is the apparent color of pixel, it can be used to track changes in land and water surfaces. The AVW value indicates average color reflected from a surface, e.g., healthy vegetation will have AVW in the NIR, water in the blues and greens, and turbid water in the reds. During flood days, the area around the Jacui River gets significantly redder (from previous NIR values), which can indicate turbid water supressing the typical vegetated signal in that area. Also, the Lagoa dos Patos gets significantly redder (from the greens), which indicates different conditions in the water (i.e., injection of sediment, which has average colors in the red). Images are typically displayed using the "Spectral" color map, with bounds from 400 - 700 (see attachment). For the percent change images, negative changes signify shorter average wavelengths (can be thought of as blue-shifting) and positive % changes are elongated average wavelengths (i.e., red-shifts). In other words, these shifting wavelengths tell us that some enviornmental change has caused the average color of a pixel to change. Satellite/Sensor/Resolution: Satellite: PACE, sensor: OCI, temporal resolution: daily, spatial resolution: gridded to 0.015 degrees from a Level 2 product in instrument swath (varying pixel size, 1.2 km at nadir). Credits: Credit: NASA PACE Team, POC: Skye Caplan, Link to data: https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C3620139902-OB_CLOUD&pg[0][v]=f&pg[0][gsk]=-start_date&q=oci%20sfrefl

Installation on the territorial sea is a dataset showing geographically the installations and activities authorised by the Coastal Directorate in connection with the administration of the State's sovereignty over the territorial sea. Data does not follow the INPSIRE data model.

Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.

Il servizio rende disponibile le informazioni relative all'IDROGRAFIA del Data base GeoTopografico dell'Asta del Fiume Tevere e Lago Trasimeno nel sistema di riferimento 7792. I contenuti di questo strato riguardano i seguenti temi: ACQUE INTERNE E DI TRANSIZIONE, RETICOLO IDROGRAFICO. Il Data base GeoTopografico è stato realizzato a partire dalla fotorestituzione (volo giugno - luglio 2013 - Regione Umbria). Lo strato "Idrografia" raccoglie i temi inerenti la descrizione dei corpi idrici, della costa e delle acque marine. I contenuti di questo strato sono ripartiti nei seguenti temi: - Acque interne e di transizione - Acque marine - Ghiacciai e nevai perenni - Reticolo idrografico Viene stabilita una stretta consistenza tra le classi del tema Acque interne e di transizione e quelle del tema Reticolo idrografico, come illustrato nella figura seguente. Vedi: Correlazione tra Acque interne e di transizione e reticolo idrografico Nell'ambito di quest'ultimo infatti sono definite le classi che forniscono una rappresentazione simbolica dei corsi d'acqua in modo da realizzare una struttura vettoriale più adatta ad elaborazioni spaziali; tale struttura è stata integrata con tipi di informazioni non direttamente rilevabili sul territorio quali lo sviluppo di tracciati sotterranei o l'integrazione della rappresentazione simbolica di infrastrutture per il trasporto delle acque (le condotte), allo scopo di dare un contesto di riferimento per la correlazione di informazioni che nel loro complesso danno ragione del ciclo complessivo delle acque. Gli edifici funzionalmente adibiti al servizio di attività portuali o relativi a impianti inerenti le acque, nonchè le opere di regimazione delle acqua, di tutela delle sponde e a servizio del trasporto su acqua rientrano, opportunamente qualificati, nello strato "Immobili" ; in taluni casi vengono specificati vincoli di consistenza tra gli attributi spaziali di classi dello strato Idrografia e dello strato Immobili come esemplificato nella figura successiva Vedi: Consistenza tra la sponda di un invaso ed il contorno di una diga Parte della terminologia adottata (sia per questo strato che per i temi dello strato Immobili relativi ad edifici e opere inerenti l'Idrografia) è stata desunta dallo standard di cartografia nautica "IHO - S57: Transfer Standards for Digital Hydrographic Data"; trattandosi tuttavia di uno standard di cartografia numerica esso non è stato utilizzato come riferimento per la strutturazione delle classi. Scala 1:10.000

For more information on this data product including usage, metadata, mission information, and help resources, please reference PACE Absorption of Gelbstoff and Detritus March 2024 – present (8 Day Average) - OverviewArcGIS Image Service, WMS, and WCS functionality may be found through the Image Service REST Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/rest/services/GESDISC/PACE_OCI_L3M_IOP_ADG_442/ImageServer

The bypass dataset consists of bypass permissions and bypass areas. Bypass permits show geographically the places where the Coastal Directorate has granted permission for bypass in connection with the administration of Section 16b of the Coastal Protection Act. Bypass areas show the geographical areas where sediment may be placed in connection with a bypass permit.