OPERA Dynamic Surface Water eXtent from Sentinel-1 (DSWx-S1) for the Alaska Floods October 2025

Date of Images Pre-event: 2025-10-08 Co and Post-event: 2025-10-13 Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the California Institute of Technology produced maps showing areas affected by flooding in western Alaska in October 2025 using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from NASA Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 product (DSWx-HLS). The flooding was triggered by the remnants of Typhoon Halong, which brought hurricane-force winds and record-breaking storm surge to the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region. The event caused catastrophic damage across multiple Alaska Native coastal villages, including Kipnuk and Kwigillingok, where floodwaters swept homes from their foundations, destroyed infrastructure, and disrupted access to essential services. These maps provide an initial view of the surface water extent observed following the flood event. The results presented here are preliminary and unvalidated, intended primarily to support situational awareness and field response efforts. The ARIA-Share platform emphasizes rapid dissemination of satellite-based products for disaster response. All information is provisional and should be used under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided without warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. OPERA DSWx-HLS The OPERA DSWx-HLS was used to identify surface water for the flooding event. The images provided are a mosaic of OPERA DSWx-HLS products, producing a composite image for each date. The mosaicking applied prioritized pixels classified as open surface water to preserve water pixels in region of product granule overlap. The images are provided as GeoTIFF files. Water (WTR) Layer Description: Masked interpreted water classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into one of three water classes (not water, open water, and partial surface water), snow/ice, cloud/cloud shadow and adjacent to cloud/cloud shadow, ocean masked, or no data classes as a result of processing the diagnostic (DIAG) layer through all intermediate steps/layers (WTR-1, and WTR-2). Water (WTR) Layer Values: 0: Not Water - an area with valid reflectance data that is not open water (class 1), partial surface water (class 2), snow/ice (class 252), cloud/cloud shadow (class 253), or ocean masked (class 254). Masking can result in not water (class 0) where land cover masking is applied. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 2: Partial Surface Water - an area that is considered inundated, extracted from the high value in dual polarization ratio and the wetland class in land cover map. (suggested color: #b4d5f4) 252: Snow/Ice - an area identified as snow/ice according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #00ffff) 253: Cloud/Cloud Shadow - an area identified as cloud or cloud shadow or adjacent to cloud/cloud shadow according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #afafaf) 254: Ocean Masked - an area identified as ocean using a shoreline database with an added margin (suggested color: #00007f) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Satellite/Sensor: Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/B/C satellites and Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) on NASA's Landsat 8 satellite. Resolution: 30 meters OPERA DSWx-HLS data availability The post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20251012_Alaska_Floods/DSWx-HLS/. The OPERA DSWx-HLS products have been in production since April 2023, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suite. For more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.gov. For more information about the JPL OPERA project, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/. REST Endpoint: See the URL to the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202510_FLOOD_AK/202510_opera_dswx_hls/MapServer/WMSServer Product POCs: Cole Speed (cole.speed@jpl.nasa.gov) Mary Grace Bato (bato@jpl.nasa.gov) Ines Fenni (ines.fenni@jpl.nasa.gov) Alexander Handwerger (alexander.handwerger@jpl.nasa.gov) Renato Frasson (renato.prata.de.moraes.frasson@jpl.nasa.gov) Credits: HLS data was accessed through NASA EarthData Search. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2025), processed by the European Space Agency, NASA/USGS Landsat 8/9 data, and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. The products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA/OPERA Team ================== Last Update 20 Oct 2025

Date of Images Post-event: 2026-06-21, 2026-06-28 Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the California Institute of Technology produced maps showing areas affected by flooding in Louisiana using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Sentinel-1 (DSWx-S1) product. These maps provide an initial view of the surface water extent observed following the flood event. The results presented here are preliminary and unvalidated, intended primarily to support situational awareness and field response efforts. The ARIA-Share platform emphasizes rapid dissemination of satellite-based products for disaster response. All information is provisional and should be used under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided without warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. OPERA DSWx-S1 The OPERA DSWx-S1 was used to identify surface water for the flooding event. The images provided are a mosaic of OPERA DSWx-S1 products, producing a composite image for each date. The mosaicking applied prioritized pixels classified as open surface water to preserve water pixels in region of product granule overlap. The images are provided as GeoTIFF files. Water (WTR) Layer Description: Masked interpreted water classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into one of three water classes (not water, open water and inundated vegetation), masks (HAND mask and layover/shadow mask), or no data classes. Water (WTR) and Binary Water (BWTR) Layer Values: 0: Not Water - an area with valid data that is not open water (class 1), inundated vegetation (class 3), height above nearest drainage masked (class 250), or layover/shadow masked (class 251). Masking can result in "not water" (class 0) where land cover masking is applied (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 3: Inundated vegetation - an area that is considered inundated, extracted from the high value in dual polarization ratio and the wetland class in land cover map. (suggested color: #00ff00) 250: Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) masked - an area where topographic height is higher than the HAND threshold (suggested color: #c8c8c8) 251: Layover/shadow masked - an area identified as layover or shadow computed from the geometry of the digital elevation model and sensor. The area is directly copied from input burst RTC-S1 products (suggested color: #808080) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Satellite/Sensor: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument on European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1A satellite. Resolution: 30 meters OPERA DSWx-S1 data availability The post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20251012_Alaska_Floods/DSWx-S1/. The OPERA DSWx-S1 products have been in production since September 2024, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suite. For more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.gov. For more information about the JPL OPERA project, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/. REST Endpoint: See URL on the right. Product POCs: Cole Speed (cole.speed@jpl.nasa.gov) Mary Grace Bato (mary.grace.p.bato@jpl.nasa.gov) Ines Fenni (ines.fenni@jpl.nasa.gov) Alexander Handwerger (alexander.handwerger@jpl.nasa.gov) Renato Frasson (renato.prata.de.moraes.frasson@jpl.nasa.gov) Credits: Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2026), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. The products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA/OPERA Team ==================

Date of Images Post-event: 2026-06-21 Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the California Institute of Technology produced maps showing areas affected by flooding in Louisiana using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Sentinel-1 (DSWx-S1) product. These maps provide an initial view of the surface water extent observed following the flood event. The results presented here are preliminary and unvalidated, intended primarily to support situational awareness and field response efforts. The ARIA-Share platform emphasizes rapid dissemination of satellite-based products for disaster response. All information is provisional and should be used under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided without warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. OPERA DSWx-S1 The OPERA DSWx-S1 was used to identify surface water for the flooding event. The images provided are a mosaic of OPERA DSWx-S1 products, producing a composite image for each date. The mosaicking applied prioritized pixels classified as open surface water to preserve water pixels in region of product granule overlap. The images are provided as GeoTIFF files. Water (WTR) Layer Description: Masked interpreted water classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into one of three water classes (not water, open water and inundated vegetation), masks (HAND mask and layover/shadow mask), or no data classes. Water (WTR) and Binary Water (BWTR) Layer Values: 0: Not Water - an area with valid data that is not open water (class 1), inundated vegetation (class 3), height above nearest drainage masked (class 250), or layover/shadow masked (class 251). Masking can result in "not water" (class 0) where land cover masking is applied (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 3: Inundated vegetation - an area that is considered inundated, extracted from the high value in dual polarization ratio and the wetland class in land cover map. (suggested color: #00ff00) 250: Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) masked - an area where topographic height is higher than the HAND threshold (suggested color: #c8c8c8) 251: Layover/shadow masked - an area identified as layover or shadow computed from the geometry of the digital elevation model and sensor. The area is directly copied from input burst RTC-S1 products (suggested color: #808080) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Satellite/Sensor: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument on European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1A satellite. Resolution: 30 meters OPERA DSWx-S1 data availability The post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20251012_Alaska_Floods/DSWx-S1/. The OPERA DSWx-S1 products have been in production since September 2024, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suite. For more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.gov. For more information about the JPL OPERA project, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/. REST Endpoint: See URL on the right. Product POCs: Cole Speed (cole.speed@jpl.nasa.gov) Mary Grace Bato (mary.grace.p.bato@jpl.nasa.gov) Ines Fenni (ines.fenni@jpl.nasa.gov) Alexander Handwerger (alexander.handwerger@jpl.nasa.gov) Renato Frasson (renato.prata.de.moraes.frasson@jpl.nasa.gov) Credits: Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2026), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. The products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA/OPERA Team ==================

Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology created maps of surface water extent impacted by the flooding caused by Atmospheric Rivers in the Pacific Northwest starting on December 8, 2025 using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Sentinel-1 (DSWx-S1). The results posted here are preliminary and unvalidated results, primarily intended to aid the field response and provide a rough first look at the inundation extent. The ARIA-share website has always focused on posting preliminary results as fast as possible for disaster response. All information is provisional for use under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided with absolutely no warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. OPERA DSWx-S1 The OPERA DSWx-S1 was used to identify surface water for the flooding event. The images provided are a mosaic of OPERA DSWx-S1 products, producing a composite image for each date. The mosaicking applied prioritized pixels classified as open surface water and inundated vegetation to preserve water pixels in regions of product granule overlap. The images are provided as GeoTIFF files. Water (WTR) Layer Description: Masked interpreted water classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into one of three water classes (not water, open water and inundated vegetation), masks (HAND mask and layover/shadow mask), or no data classes. Water (WTR) Layer Values: 0: Not Water - an area with valid data that is not open water (class 1), inundated vegetation (class 3), height above nearest drainage masked (class 250), or layover/shadow masked (class 251). Masking can result in "not water" (class 0) where land cover masking is applied (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 3: Inundated vegetation - an area that is considered inundated, extracted from the high value in dual polarization ratio and the wetland class in land cover map. (suggested color: #00ff00) 250: Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) masked - an area where topographic height is higher than the HAND threshold (suggested color: #c8c8c8) 251: Layover/shadow masked - an area identified as layover or shadow computed from the geometry of the digital elevation model and sensor. The area is directly copied from input burst RTC-S1 products (suggested color: #808080) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Water Gain Description: Water gain classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into water gain and no change/water loss, as well as no data classes. Water Gain Layer Values:0: No Change or Water Loss- an area that had no change (e.g., open water in both images) or water loss (e.g., open water to not water). Masked pixels from HAND and Layover/Shadow are set to No data. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Water Gain - an area that gained water in the most recent image. This includes change from Not Water to Inundated Vegetation, Not Water to Open Water, and Inundated Vegetation to Open Water. (suggested color: #ff15e4) Satellite/Sensor: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument on European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1A/C satellite. Resolution: 30 meters OPERA DSWx-S1 data availability The post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20251210-PacificNorthwest-AtmRiver/DSWx-S1//. The OPERA DSWx-S1 products have been in production since September 2024, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suite. For more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.gov. For more information about the JPL OPERA project, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/. Product POCs: Cole Speed (cole.speed@jpl.nasa.gov) Mary Grace Bato (bato@jpl.nasa.gov) Ines Fenni (ines.fenni@jpl.nasa.gov) Emre Havazli (emre.havazli@jpl.nasa.gov) Alexander Handwerger (alexander.handwerger@jpl.nasa.gov) WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202512_FLOOD_WA/2512_opera_dswx_s1/MapServer/WMSServer Data Download: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20251210-PacificNorthwest-AtmRiver/DSWx-S1/ Credits: Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2025), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. The products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA/OPERA Team ==================  Image acquisition times in UTC (local): 2025-12-17 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-16 6:00PM),  2025-12-15 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-14 6:00PM),  2025-12-14 2:00PM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-14 6:00AM),  2025-12-11 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-10 6:00PM),  2025-12-10 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-09 6:00PM),  2025-12-07 2:00PM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-07 6:00AM),  2025-12-05 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-04 6:00PM),   2025-12-02 2:00PM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-02 6:00AM),  2025-11-29 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-11-28 6:00PM),   2025-11-28 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-11-27 6:00PM)  Last Update 23 Dec. 2025

Note: this data is a subset of the original data converted into vectors. This data is not comprehensive for this response and represents the most recent data deliveries. Additional data can be found here. Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology created maps of surface water extent impacted by the flooding caused by Atmospheric Rivers in the Pacific Northwest starting on December 8, 2025 using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Sentinel-1 (DSWx-S1).  The results posted here are preliminary and unvalidated results, primarily intended to aid the field response and provide a rough first look at the inundation extent. The ARIA-share website has always focused on posting preliminary results as fast as possible for disaster response. All information is provisional for use under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided with absolutely no warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. This data has been vectorized into polygons from its original version: OPERA DSWx-S1 The OPERA DSWx-S1 was used to identify surface water for the flooding event. The images provided are a mosaic of OPERA DSWx-S1 products, producing a composite image for each date. The mosaicking applied prioritized pixels classified as open surface water and inundated vegetation to preserve water pixels in regions of product granule overlap. The images are provided as GeoTIFF files. Water (WTR) Layer Description: Masked interpreted water classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into one of three water classes (not water, open water and inundated vegetation), masks (HAND mask and layover/shadow mask), or no data classes. Water (WTR) Layer Values: 0: Not Water - an area with valid data that is not open water (class 1), inundated vegetation (class 3), height above nearest drainage masked (class 250), or layover/shadow masked (class 251). Masking can result in "not water" (class 0) where land cover masking is applied (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 3: Inundated vegetation - an area that is considered inundated, extracted from the high value in dual polarization ratio and the wetland class in land cover map. (suggested color: #00ff00) 250: Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) masked - an area where topographic height is higher than the HAND threshold (suggested color: #c8c8c8) 251: Layover/shadow masked - an area identified as layover or shadow computed from the geometry of the digital elevation model and sensor. The area is directly copied from input burst RTC-S1 products (suggested color: #808080) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Satellite/Sensor: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument on European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1A/C satellite. Resolution: 30 meters OPERA DSWx-S1 data availability The post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20251210-PacificNorthwest-AtmRiver/DSWx-S1//. The OPERA DSWx-S1 products have been in production since September 2024, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suite. For more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.gov. For more information about the JPL OPERA project, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/. Product POCs: Cole Speed (cole.speed@jpl.nasa.gov) Mary Grace Bato (bato@jpl.nasa.gov) Ines Fenni (ines.fenni@jpl.nasa.gov) Emre Havazli (emre.havazli@jpl.nasa.gov) Alexander Handwerger (alexander.handwerger@jpl.nasa.gov) REST Endpoint: See URL on the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202512_FLOOD_WA/2512_opera_dswx_s1_vector/MapServer/WMSServer Credits: Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2025), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. The products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA/OPERA Team ================== Image acquisition times in UTC (local): 2025-12-17 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-16 6:00PM),  2025-12-15 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-14 6:00PM),  2025-12-14 2:00PM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-14 6:00AM),  2025-12-11 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-10 6:00PM),  2025-12-10 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-09 6:00PM),  2025-12-07 2:00PM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-07 6:00AM),  2025-12-05 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-04 6:00PM),   2025-12-02 2:00PM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-02 6:00AM),  2025-11-29 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-11-28 6:00PM),   2025-11-28 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-11-27 6:00PM)  Last Update 10 Dec. 2025

Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology created maps of surface water extent impacted by the flooding caused by Atmospheric Rivers in the Pacific Northwest starting on December 8, 2025 using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Sentinel-1 (DSWx-S1). The results posted here are preliminary and unvalidated results, primarily intended to aid the field response and provide a rough first look at the inundation extent. The ARIA-share website has always focused on posting preliminary results as fast as possible for disaster response. All information is provisional for use under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided with absolutely no warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. OPERA DSWx-S1 The OPERA DSWx-S1 was used to identify surface water for the flooding event. The images provided are a mosaic of OPERA DSWx-S1 products, producing a composite image for each date. The mosaicking applied prioritized pixels classified as open surface water and inundated vegetation to preserve water pixels in regions of product granule overlap. The images are provided as GeoTIFF files. Water (WTR) Layer Description: Masked interpreted water classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into one of three water classes (not water, open water and inundated vegetation), masks (HAND mask and layover/shadow mask), or no data classes. Water (WTR) Layer Values: 0: Not Water - an area with valid data that is not open water (class 1), inundated vegetation (class 3), height above nearest drainage masked (class 250), or layover/shadow masked (class 251). Masking can result in "not water" (class 0) where land cover masking is applied (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 3: Inundated vegetation - an area that is considered inundated, extracted from the high value in dual polarization ratio and the wetland class in land cover map. (suggested color: #00ff00) 250: Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) masked - an area where topographic height is higher than the HAND threshold (suggested color: #c8c8c8) 251: Layover/shadow masked - an area identified as layover or shadow computed from the geometry of the digital elevation model and sensor. The area is directly copied from input burst RTC-S1 products (suggested color: #808080) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Water Gain Description: Water gain classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into water gain and no change/water loss, as well as no data classes. Water Gain Layer Values:0: No Change or Water Loss- an area that had no change (e.g., open water in both images) or water loss (e.g., open water to not water). Masked pixels from HAND and Layover/Shadow are set to No data. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Water Gain - an area that gained water in the most recent image. This includes change from Not Water to Inundated Vegetation, Not Water to Open Water, and Inundated Vegetation to Open Water. (suggested color: #ff15e4) Satellite/Sensor: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument on European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1A/C satellite. Resolution: 30 meters OPERA DSWx-S1 data availability The post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20251210-PacificNorthwest-AtmRiver/DSWx-S1//. The OPERA DSWx-S1 products have been in production since September 2024, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suite. For more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.gov. For more information about the JPL OPERA project, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/. Product POCs: Cole Speed (cole.speed@jpl.nasa.gov) Mary Grace Bato (bato@jpl.nasa.gov) Ines Fenni (ines.fenni@jpl.nasa.gov) Emre Havazli (emre.havazli@jpl.nasa.gov) Alexander Handwerger (alexander.handwerger@jpl.nasa.gov) WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202512_FLOOD_WA/2512_opera_dswx_s1/MapServer/WMSServer Data Download: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20251210-PacificNorthwest-AtmRiver/DSWx-S1/ Credits: Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2025), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. The products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA/OPERA Team ==================  Image acquisition times in UTC (local): 2025-12-17 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-16 6:00PM),  2025-12-15 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-14 6:00PM),  2025-12-14 2:00PM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-14 6:00AM),  2025-12-11 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-10 6:00PM),  2025-12-10 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-09 6:00PM),  2025-12-07 2:00PM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-07 6:00AM),  2025-12-05 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-04 6:00PM),   2025-12-02 2:00PM (local Pacific Time: 2025-12-02 6:00AM),  2025-11-29 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-11-28 6:00PM),   2025-11-28 2:00AM (local Pacific Time: 2025-11-27 6:00PM)  Last Update 23 Dec. 2025