2428_opera_dswx_hls

Date of Images: Pre-Landfall: HLS: 9/27/2024 - 10/7/2024 Sentinel-1: 10/3/2024, 10/8/2024 Post-Landfall: Sentinel-1: 10/10/2024, 10/11/2024 Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology derived the surface water extent maps from the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWx) from NASA Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) and Sentinel-1 (DSWx-S1) products. The results posted here are preliminary and unvalidated results, primarily intended to aid the field response and people who wanted to have a rough first look at the inundation extent. The ARIA-share website has always focused on posting preliminary results as fast as possible for disaster response. OPERA DSWx-S1 The OPERA DSWx-S1 data identifies surface water and inundated vegetation. We provide the Water (WTR) layers. Images are provided from 1) October 3, 2024, 2) October 8, 2024, 3) October 10, 2024, and 4) October 11, 2024. Each image consists of multiple MGRS tiles that were merged together for a composite image saved as a GeoTIFF file. ARIA/OPERA water change map derived from OPERA DSWx-S1 The ARIA/OPERA water change map is derived from two OPERA DSWx-S1 Binary Water (BWTR) images. Change maps are made for images taken on October 3, 2024 and October 11, 2024 and for October 8, 2024, and October 11, 2024. The BWTR combines inundated vegetation and open water into a single water class. These maps depict areas of new water detection (or loss). The change map includes values of: (0) indicate no change between images, (1) absence of water pre-event, presence of water during-event, and (-1) presence of water pre-event, absence of water during-event. OPERA DSWx-HLS The OPERA DSWx-HLS was used to identify surface water using the WTR layer. 378 images were examined from 2024-09-27 to 2024-10-07, prioritizing pixels classified as open surface water. Pixels flagged as snow/ice in the HLS Fmask were reclassified to water. The mosaic image consists of multiple MGRS tiles that were merged together for a composite image saved as a GeoTIFF file. Suggested Use: OPERA DSWx-S1 The OPERA DSWx-S1 products classifies the OPERA Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR backscatter from Sentinel-1 (RTC-S1) input imagery into: not water, water, and inundated vegetation with the masks such as layover/shadow mask and HAND mask. The WTR layer includes all classes. Open water and inundated vegetation are represented in blue and green in WTR. Areas with masks are gray. The masks include the layover/shadow mask and HAND mask. Areas with no water detected are transparent. Transparent: Not Water Blue: Water Green: Inundated Vegetation Gray: Layover/Shadow/Hand Masks ARIA/OPERA water change map derived from OPERA DSWx-S1 The ARIA/OPERA water extent change map classifies water extent into change/no change. Transparent (0): No Change Red (1): increased water extent Gray (-1): decreased water extent OPERA DSWx-HLS-WTR The OPERA DSWx-HLS Water product classifies the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) input imagery into "not water", "open surface water", and "partial surface water". The "HLS cloud/cloud shadow" and "HLS snow/ice" layers are direct inputs from the HLS FMask. Transparent (0): No Water Blue (1): Open Water Light Blue (2): Partial Surface Water Gray (253): HLS Cloud/Cloud Shadow This layer is meant to provide users with a quick view for water/no-water. Invalid data classes (snow/ice and cloud/cloud shadow along with adjacent to cloud/cloud shadow) are also provided to indicate areas in which the water classification does not provide water/no-water classification. Note: Sediment rich water is sometimes misclassified as snow/ice by the HLS Fmask. As such, we have reclassified any of the snow/ice pixels to water for these images. For more information about how the OPERA DSWx-HLS Water product classifies data: https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/documents/ProductSpec_DSWX_URS309746.pdf Satellite/Sensor: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument on European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1A satellite Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS): MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B satellites and Operational Land Imager (OLI) on the NASA/USGS Landsat 8 satellite Resolution: 30 meters The DSWx-S1 products have these flags: 250 (light gray) and 251 (dark gray) represent HAND and layover/shadow masks, respectively. HAND mask (light gray, value 250) delineates regions where the terrain's elevation exceeds a specified threshold relative to the height above the nearest drainage point, indicating areas less likely to be subject to direct inundation. Layover/shadow mask (dark gray, value 251) identifies zones that are either occluded by topographic features taller than the surrounding landscape (layover) or are not illuminated by the radar signal due to obstruction by these elevated features (shadow), leading to potential data voids in SAR imagery. Credits: NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA/OPERA Team Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2024), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. The products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. HLS data was accessed through NASA EarthData Search. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2024), processed by the European Space Agency, NASA/USGS Landsat 8 data, and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. The products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The OPERA DSWx products have been in production since September 2024, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suite. For more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.gov. For more information about the JPL OPERA project, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera. Data Download: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20241010-Hurricane_Milton/DSWx/ Service URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/home/item.html?id=84fe3b39b6ac482e8e8de954eb4677fe WMS: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202410_HURRICANE_MILTON/2428_opera_dswx_hls/ImageServer/WMSServer

Date of Images: Syn-Event: 2024-09-26 23:38:04 (UTC) or 7:38 PM EDT Pre-Event: 2024-09-14 23:37:54 (UTC) or 7:38 PM EDT Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology derived the surface water extent maps using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water eXtent from Sentinel-1 (DSWx-S1) products. The results posted here are preliminary and unvalidated results, primarily intended to aid the field response and people who want to have a rough first look at the water extent. The ARIA-share website has always focused on posting preliminary results as fast as possible for disaster response. OPERA DSWx-S1 The OPERA DSWx-S1 data identifies surface water and inundated vegetation. We provide the Water (WTR) and the Binary Water (BWTR) layers. Images are provided from 1) September 14, 2024 and 2) September 26, 2024. Each image consists of multiple MGRS tiles that were merged together for a composite image saved as a GeoTIFF file. ARIA/OPERA water change map derived from OPERA DSWx-S1 The ARIA/OPERA water change map is derived from two OPERA DSWx-S1 Binary Water (BWTR) images taken on September 14, 2024 and September 26, 2024. The BTWR combines inundated vegetation and open water into a single water class.These maps depict areas of new water detection (or loss). The change map includes values of: (0) indicate no change between images, (1) absence of water pre-event, presence of water syn-event, and (-1) presence of water pre-event, absence of water syn-event. Satellite/Sensor: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument on European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1A satellite was used for both the September 14 and September 26 images. Resolution: 30 meters The DSWx-S1 products have these flags: 250 (light gray) and 251 (dark gray) represent HAND and layover/shadow masks, respectively. HAND mask (light gray, value 250) delineates regions where the terrain's elevation exceeds a specified threshold relative to the height above the nearest drainage point, indicating areas less likely to be subject to direct inundation. Layover/shadow mask (dark gray, value 251) identifies zones that are either occluded by topographic features taller than the surrounding landscape (layover) or are not illuminated by the radar signal due to obstruction by these elevated features (shadow), leading to potential data voids in SAR imagery. OPERA DSWx-S1 data availability The post-processed products are available to download at https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20240926-Hurricane_Helene/DSWx/. The OPERA DSWx-S1 products have been in production since September 2024, are freely distributed to the public via NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), and can be downloaded through NASA's Earthdata search. For more information about the OPERA project and other products, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera. For more information about the Dynamic Surface Water eXtent product suite, please refer to the DSWx Product page: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/products/dswx-product-suite For more information about the Caltech-JPL ARIA project, visit https://aria.jpl.nasa.gov For more information about the JPL OPERA project, visit https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera/ Suggested Use DSWx-S1 The OPERA DSWx-S1 products classifies the OPERA Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR backscatter from Sentinel-1 (RTC-S1) input imagery into: not water, water, and inundated vegetation with the masks such as layover/shadow mask and HAND mask. The WTR layer includes all classes. The BWTR layer merges water and inundated vegetation into a single water layer. Open water and inundated vegetation are represented in blue and green in WTR and blue in BWTR. Areas with masks are gray. The masks include the layover/shadow mask and HAND mask. Areas with no water detected are transparent. DSWx-S1 change map The ARIA/OPERA water extent change map classifies water extent into change/no change. Increased in water represented in blue, no change in water represented in transparent, decrease in water represented in red. RTC-S1 OPERA Radiometric Terrain Corrected SAR backscatter from Sentinel-1 (RTC-S1) image was converted to a false color image. In this color scale, vegetated areas appear green, urban areas appear white/pink, calm water appears black, and rough water appears purple or magenta.” Credits: Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2024), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA and OPERA team. NASA JPL-Caltech ARIA/OPERA Team ================== Files: 20240914_DSWx-S1_BWTR.tif: The September 14, 2024 binary water map is derived from the WTR layer as a union of water classes (open water and inundated vegetation) into a binary map indicating areas with and without water. 20240926_DSWx-S1_BWTR.tif: The September 26, 2024 binary water map. 20240926_DSWx-S1_WTR.tif: Masked interpreted water classification layer. This represents pixel-wise classification into one of three water classes (not water, open water and inundated vegetation), masks (HAND mask and layover/shadow mask), or no data classes. OPERA_DSWx-S1_BWTR_ChngMap_20240926-20240914_v2.tif: The ARIA/OPERA flood change map is derived from two OPERA DSWx-HLS images taken on September 14, 2024 and September 26, 2024. These maps depict areas of new water detection that is interpreted as flood. Track121_Florida_DSWx-S1-overview.png: An overview of the 20240926_DSWx-S1_WTR product with a satellite image background. These files have the same GeoTIFF format as the OPERA DSWx-S1 images described above and are in the UTM Zone 16N.

Dates of Images: 20180914T1609, 20180917T1553, 20180918T1549, 20180919T1540, 20180920T1539 (GMT) (YYYYMMDD: HHMM) Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology produced flood mapping products using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (DSWx-HLS) dataset. These products provide a rapid assessment of surface water extent to support emergency response and situational awareness during flood events. The dataset provided includes two products: Surface Water Extent maps on individual dates Maximum Surface Water Extent maps, showing the full extent of water observed over a defined time period Dates and Input Data: Flood images: September 14, 2018, September 17, 2018, September 18, 2018, September 19, 2018, September 20, 2018 Products are generated from OPERA DSWx-HLS satellite imagery and mosaicked across tiles to provide continuous coverage. Product Description: Surface water is identified from optical satellite imagery and mapped at 30 m spatial resolution. Maximum Surface Water Extent maps show all locations where water was detected at any time during the analysis period. Caveats and Limitations: We note the HLS snow/ice mask often misclassifies sediment rich water as snow/ice. Detecting inundation under vegetation, in the urban perimeter, in arid environments, and along water body edges is known to be challenging. The local accuracy of the flood maps in such environments may be impacted. These results are intended to support rapid emergency response. All information is provisional for use under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided with absolutely no warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. Suggested Use: The OPERA DSWx-HLS Water product classifies the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) input imagery into "not water", "open surface water", and “partial surface water”. The "HLS cloud/cloud shadow" and "HLS snow/ice" layers are direct inputs from the HLS Fmask. Water (WTR) Layer Values: File names: OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20180914T1609_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20180917T1553_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20180918T1549_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20180919T1540_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20180920T1539_mosaic.tif Values:0: Not Water - an area with valid reflectance data that is not open water (class 1), partial surface water (class 2), snow/ice (class 252), cloud/cloud shadow (class 253), or ocean masked (class 254). Masking can result in a not water (class 0) where land cover masking is applied. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 2: Partial Surface Water - an inundated area that is at least 20% and less than 100% open water. This may be referred to as “subpixel inundation” when referring to a pixel’s area. Examples include wetlands, water bodies with emergent vegetation, and pixels bisected by coastlines. (suggested color: #b4d5f4) 252: Snow/Ice/Sediment Rich Water - an area identified as snow/ice according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #00ffff) 253: Cloud/Cloud Shadow - an area identified as cloud or cloud shadow or adjacent to cloud/cloud shadow according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #afafaf) 254: Ocean Masked - an area identified as ocean using a shoreline database with an added margin (suggested color: #00007f) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Maximum Water Extent Layer Values: File names: ARIA-OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20180830T1604_20180920T1539_max_extent.tif 0: Not Water. No water was detected within the time period of the images. Masked pixels are set to No data. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Water - an area where open water or partial surface water was detected during the time period of the images. (suggested color: #ff15e4) Satellite/Sensor/Resolution: Satellite/Sensor: Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) derived from MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B/2C satellites and Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) on NASA/USGS Landsat 8/9 satellites. Spatial Resolution: 30 meters Temporal Resolution: Sub-weekly Esri REST Endpoint: See URL to the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2601_201809_HURRICANE_FLORENCE/ex2601_opera_dswx_hls/MapServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: 20240421T1331, 20240506T1329 (GMT) (YYYYMMDDTHHMM) Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology produced flood mapping products using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (DSWx-HLS) dataset. These products provide a rapid assessment of surface water extent to support emergency response and situational awareness during flood events. The dataset provided includes three products: Surface Water Extent maps on individual dates Water Gain maps, showing areas where water increased between two dates Maximum Surface Water Extent maps, showing the full extent of water observed over a defined time period Dates and Input Data: Pre-event image: April 21, 2024 Flood image: May 6, 2024 Products are generated from OPERA DSWx-HLS satellite imagery and mosaicked across tiles to provide continuous coverage. Product Description:Surface water is identified from optical satellite imagery and mapped at 30 m spatial resolution. Water Gain maps highlight newly inundated areas by comparing pre- and flood-event conditions. Maximum Surface Water Extent maps show all locations where water was detected at any time during the analysis period. Caveats and Limitations:We note the HLS snow/ice mask often misclassifies sediment rich water as snow/ice. Detecting inundation under vegetation, in the urban perimeter, in arid environments, and along water body edges is known to be challenging. The local accuracy of the flood maps in such environments may be impacted. These results are intended to support rapid emergency response. All information is provisional for use under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided with absolutely no warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. Suggested Use: The OPERA DSWx-HLS Water product classifies the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) input imagery into "not water", "open surface water", and “partial surface water”. The "HLS cloud/cloud shadow" and "HLS snow/ice" layers are direct inputs from the HLS FMask. Water (WTR) Layer Values: File names: OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20240421T1331_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20240506T1329_mosaic.tif 0: Not Water - an area with valid reflectance data that is not open water (class 1), partial surface water (class 2), snow/ice (class 252), cloud/cloud shadow (class 253), or ocean masked (class 254). Masking can result in a not water (class 0) where land cover masking is applied. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 2: Partial Surface Water - an inundated area that is at least 20% and less than 100% open water. This may be referred to as “subpixel inundation” when referring to a pixel’s area. Examples include wetlands, water bodies with emergent vegetation, and pixels bisected by coastlines. (suggested color: #b4d5f4) 252: Snow/Ice/Sediment Rich Water - an area identified as snow/ice according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #00ffff) 253: Cloud/Cloud Shadow - an area identified as cloud or cloud shadow or adjacent to cloud/cloud shadow according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #afafaf) 254: Ocean Masked - an area identified as ocean using a shoreline database with an added margin (suggested color: #00007f) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Water Gain Layer Values: The water gain shows any location where there was a change from “not water” to “partial surface water”, “not water” to “open surface water”, or “partial surface water” to “open surface water" between two OPERA DSWx-HLS products. File names: ARIA-OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20240421T1331_20240506T1329_water_gain 0: No Change or Water Loss- an area that had no change (e.g., open water in both images) or water loss (e.g., open water to not water). Masked pixels are set to No data. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Water Gain - an area that gained water in the most recent image. This includes change from Not Water to Partial Surface Water, Not Water to Open Water, and Partial Surface Water to Open Water. (suggested color: #ff15e4) Maximum Water Extent Layer Values: The maximum water extent observed during the event was created by aggregating OPERA DSWx-HLS water products. File names: ARIA-OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20240421T1340_20240506T1329_max_extent.tif 0: Not Water. No water was detected within the time period of the images. Masked pixels are set to No data. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Water - an area where open water or partial surface water was detected during the time period of the images. (suggested color: #ff15e4) Satellite/Sensor/Resolution: Satellite/Sensor: Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) derived from MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B/2C satellites and Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) on NASA/USGS Landsat 8/9 satellites. Spatial Resolution: 30 meters Temporal Resolution: Sub-weekly Credits: The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA/OPERA team. The DSWx products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Product POCs: Cole Speed (cole.speed@jpl.nasa.gov) Mary Grace Bato (bato@jpl.nasa.gov) Emre Havazli (emre.havazli@jpl.nasa.gov) Renato Frasson (renato.prata.de.moraes.frasson@jpl.nasa.gov) Alexander Handwerger (alexander.handwerger@jpl.nasa.gov ) Esri REST Endpoint: See URL to the bottom right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2602_202405_FLOOD_BRAZIL/EX2602_opera_dswx_hls/MapServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: 20220427T1719, 20220505T1728, 20220507T1719, 20220510T1709, 20220515T1727, 20220522T1718, 20220524T1721, 20220527T1719 (GMT) (YYYYMMDDTHHMM) Summary The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology produced flood mapping products using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (DSWx-HLS) dataset. These products provide a rapid assessment of surface water extent to support emergency response and situational awareness during flood events. The dataset provided includes three products: Surface Water Extent maps on individual dates Maximum Surface Water Extent maps, showing the full extent of water observed over a defined time period Dates and Input Data: Flood images: April 27, 2022, May 05, 2022, May 07, 2022, May 10, 2022, May 15, 2022, May 22, 2022, May 24, 2022, May 27, 2022 Products are generated from OPERA DSWx-HLS satellite imagery and mosaicked across tiles to provide continuous coverage. Product Description:Surface water is identified from optical satellite imagery and mapped at 30 m spatial resolution. Water Gain maps highlight newly inundated areas by comparing pre- and flood-event conditions. Maximum Surface Water Extent maps show all locations where water was detected at any time during the analysis period. Caveats and Limitations:We note the HLS snow/ice mask often misclassifies sediment rich water as snow/ice. Detecting inundation under vegetation, in the urban perimeter, in arid environments, and along water body edges is known to be challenging. The local accuracy of the flood maps in such environments may be impacted. These results are intended to support rapid emergency response. All information is provisional for use under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided with absolutely no warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. The OPERA DSWx-HLS product from 27 April 2022 was likely impacted by unmitigated aerosol effects on the western edge of the image, potentially causing false detections limited to approximately 10 km measured from the western edge into the image. The granule is provided but caution should be taken when interpreting the affected area. Suggested Use: The OPERA DSWx-HLS Water product classifies the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) input imagery into "not water", "open surface water", and “partial surface water”. The "HLS cloud/cloud shadow" and "HLS snow/ice" layers are direct inputs from the HLS Fmask. Water (WTR) Layer Values: File names: OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20220427T1719_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20220505T1728_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20220507T1719_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20220510T1709_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20220515T1727_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20220522T1718_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20220524T1721_mosaic.tif, OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20220527T1719_mosaic.tif 0: Not Water - an area with valid reflectance data that is not open water (class 1), partial surface water (class 2), snow/ice (class 252), cloud/cloud shadow (class 253), or ocean masked (class 254). Masking can result in a not water (class 0) where land cover masking is applied. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 2: Partial Surface Water - an area that is considered inundated, extracted from the high value in dual polarization ratio and the wetland class in land cover map. (suggested color: #b4d5f4) 252: Snow/Ice - an area identified as snow/ice according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #00ffff) 253: Cloud/Cloud Shadow - an area identified as cloud or cloud shadow or adjacent to cloud/cloud shadow according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #afafaf) 254: Ocean Masked - an area identified as ocean using a shoreline database with an added margin (suggested color: #00007f) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Maximum Water Extent Layer Values: The maximum water extent observed during the event was created by aggregating OPERA DSWx-HLS water products.. File names: ARIA-OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_WTR_20220505T1728_20220527T1719_max_extent.tif 0: Not Water. No water was detected within the time period of the images. Masked pixels are set to No data. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Water - an area where open water or partial surface water was detected during the time period of the images. (suggested color: #ff15e4) Satellite/Sensor/Resolution: Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) derived from MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B/2C satellites and Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) on NASA/USGS Landsat 8/9 satellites. Spatial Resolution: 30 meters Temporal Resolution: Sub-weekly Credits: The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data, processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA/OPERA team. The DSWx products are produced as part of the OPERA project, which is funded by NASA to address remote sensing needs identified by the Satellite Needs Working Group, and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Product POCs: Cole Speed (cole.speed@jpl.nasa.gov) Mary Grace Bato (bato@jpl.nasa.gov) Emre Havazli (emre.havazli@jpl.nasa.gov) Renato Frasson (renato.prata.de.moraes.frasson@jpl.nasa.gov) Alexander Handwerger (alexander.handwerger@jpl.nasa.gov ) Esri REST Endpoint: See URL to the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2603_202205_FLOOD_MN/ex2603_opera_dswx_hls/MapServer/WMSServer

Dates of Images: May 24, 2026 Summary: The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) and Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) teams at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology produced flood mapping products using the OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (DSWx-HLS) dataset. These products provide a rapid assessment of surface water extent to support emergency response and situational awareness during flood events. The dataset provides: Surface Water Extent maps on individual dates Dates and Input Data: Flood images: May 24, 2026 Products are generated from OPERA DSWx-HLS satellite imagery and mosaicked across tiles to provide continuous coverage. Product Description: Surface water is identified from optical satellite imagery and mapped at 30 m spatial resolution. Maximum Surface Water Extent maps show all locations where water was detected at any time during the analysis period. Caveats and Limitations: We note the HLS snow/ice mask often misclassifies sediment rich water as snow/ice. Detecting inundation under vegetation, in the urban perimeter, in arid environments, and along water body edges is known to be challenging. The local accuracy of the flood maps in such environments may be impacted. These results are intended to support rapid emergency response. All information is provisional for use under emergency response guidelines. These data are provided with absolutely no warranty of any kind. Use at your own risk. Suggested Use: The OPERA DSWx-HLS Water product classifies the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) input imagery into "not water", "open surface water", and “partial surface water”. The "HLS cloud/cloud shadow" and "HLS snow/ice" layers are direct inputs from the HLS Fmask. Water (WTR) Layer Values: File names: OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_V1_BWTR_20260524T1609_mosaic.tif, Values: 0: Not Water - an area with valid reflectance data that is not open water (class 1), partial surface water (class 2), snow/ice (class 252), cloud/cloud shadow (class 253), or ocean masked (class 254). Masking can result in a not water (class 0) where land cover masking is applied. (suggested color: #ffffff) 1: Open Water - an area that is entirely water and unobstructed to the sensor, including obstructions by vegetation, terrain, and buildings. (suggested color: #0000ff) 2: Partial Surface Water - an inundated area that is at least 20% and less than 100% open water. This may be referred to as “subpixel inundation” when referring to a pixel’s area. Examples include wetlands, water bodies with emergent vegetation, and pixels bisected by coastlines. (suggested color: #b4d5f4) 252: Snow/Ice/Sediment Rich Water - an area identified as snow/ice according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #00ffff) 253: Cloud/Cloud Shadow - an area identified as cloud or cloud shadow or adjacent to cloud/cloud shadow according to input HLS Fmask quality assurance (QA) data (suggested color: #afafaf) 254: Ocean Masked - an area identified as ocean using a shoreline database with an added margin (suggested color: #00007f) 255: No data (suggested color: transparent) Satellite/Sensor: Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) derived from MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-2A/2B/2C satellites and Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) on NASA/USGS Landsat 8/9 satellites. Spatial Resolution: 30 meters Temporal Resolution: Sub-weekly Esri REST Endpoint: See URL to the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2601_201809_HURRICANE_FLORENCE/ex2601_opera_dswx_hls/MapServer/WMSServer