ARIA Sentinel-1 Displacement Maps for the June 2026 Venezuela Earthquake

Dates of Image: 3 Pairs: 6/13/2026, 6/25/2026 6/17/2026, 6/29/2026 6/18/2026, 6/30/2026 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: Scientists working with Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology, both in Pasadena, California, created this displacement map with measurements of the surface displacements, in the radar line-of-sight, caused by the recent major earthquake in Northern Venezuela (6/24/2026). The map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite. The team computed the interferometric difference (interferogram or interferometric SAR) between the post-event image acquired on 6/25/2026 a pre-event image acquired on 6/13/2026. The interferometric SAR (InSAR) measures the component of surface displacement in the line-of-sight (LOS) between the ground and the satellite, which is at an angle of about 40 degrees from the vertical and slightly south of due west. NOTE: The line-of-sight displacement (LOS) measurement is relative, and the dataset has not been calibrated to any ground location so there is a bias of the reference level, which is unknown. This data has not yet been validated. This displacement map should be used as guidance to identify areas of significant ground displacement, and may be less reliable over snow-covered and vegetated areas. Suggested Use: Unwrapped Interferogram (UNW): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East NOTE: Small vertical displacements have also occurred, but the primary surface displacements were in the horizontal plane. Satellite/Sensor: NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: NASA-JPL/Caltech Team, NISAR Operations Science Team Esri REST Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/rest/services/DISASTERS_202606_EARTHQUAKE_VENEZUELA/202611_nisar_LOSDisplacement/ImageServer WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202606_EARTHQUAKE_VENEZUELA/202611_nisar_LOSDisplacement/ImageServer/WMSServer

NOTE: this is exercise data and not representative of real events. The original data is from the earthquake in Turkey February 2023. Date of Image: 5/21/2026 Summary: Scientists working with Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology, both in Pasadena, California, created this displacement map with measurements of the surface displacements, in the radar line-of-sight, caused by the major earthquake in Turkiye. NOTE: The line-of-sight displacement (LOS) measurement is relative, and the dataset has not been calibrated to any ground location so there is a bias of the reference level, which is unknown. This data has not yet been validated. This displacement map should be used as guidance to identify areas of significant ground displacement, and may be less reliable over snow-covered and vegetated areas. SENTINEL-1: The map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites, operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). The team computed the interferometric difference (interferogram or interferometric SAR) between the post-event and pre-event images on the Sentinel-1 ascending (satellite moving north) track 14. The interferometric SAR (InSAR) measures the component of surface displacement in the line-of-sight (LOS) between the ground and the satellite, which is at an angle of about 40 degrees from the vertical and slightly south of due west. Suggested Use: Unwrapped Interferogram (WRP): Phase map showing relative ground deformation where each "fringe" or concentric pattern indicates a 20 cm of displacement along the line-of-sight of the satellite (LOS). The color pattern from the inside to the outside of fringe indicates the direction of the ground movement. If the ground move towards the satellite, the color variation goes from ROYGB (Red->Orange->Yellow->Green->Blue), whereas, BGYOR (Blue->Green->Yellow->Orange->Red) represents ground movement away from the satellite. The dataset has not been calibrated to any ground location so there is a bias of the reference level, which is unknown. This data has not yet been validated. This displacement map should be used as guidance to identify areas of significant ground displacement, and may be less reliable over snow-covered and vegetated areas. Across Track Displacement (RNG): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East Along Track Displacement (AZI): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East NOTE: Small vertical displacements have also occurred, but the primary surface displacements were in the horizontal plane. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Resolution: Sentinel-1: 90 meters ALOS-2: 30 meters Credits: NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA Team The Sentinel-1 data products contain modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2023), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 Data Products are provided by JAXA, facilitated by NASA and analyzed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Service URL: See URL to the bottom right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2604_202605_FIRE_CA/ex2604_disp_s1/MapServer/WMSServer

Date of Image: Sentinel 1 UNW: 2/21/2023 Sentinel-1 RNG & AZI: 2/9/2023 JAXA ALOS-2 UNW, AZI & RNG: 2/8/2025 Summary: Scientists working with Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology, both in Pasadena, California, created this displacement map with measurements of the surface displacements, in the radar line-of-sight, caused by the major earthquake in Turkiye. NOTE: The line-of-sight displacement (LOS) measurement is relative, and the dataset has not been calibrated to any ground location so there is a bias of the reference level, which is unknown. This data has not yet been validated. This displacement map should be used as guidance to identify areas of significant ground displacement, and may be less reliable over snow-covered and vegetated areas. SENTINEL-1: The map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites, operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). The team computed the interferometric difference (interferogram or interferometric SAR) between the post-event and pre-event images on the Sentinel-1 ascending (satellite moving north) track 14. The interferometric SAR (InSAR) measures the component of surface displacement in the line-of-sight (LOS) between the ground and the satellite, which is at an angle of about 40 degrees from the vertical and slightly south of due west. Sentinel 1 UNW: post-event image from 2/21, pre-event image from 2/9. Sentinel 1 RNG & AZI: post-event image from 2/9, pre-event image 1/28. JAXA ALOS-2: The maps were derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the ALOS-2 L-band operated by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ALOS-2 SAR satellite. The team computed the interferometric difference (interferogram or interferometric SAR) and pixel offset tracking between the post-event image acquired on February 8, 2023 with a pre-event image acquired on April 6, 2022, on the ALOS-2 descending (satellite moving south) track 78. The interferometric SAR (InSAR) measures the component of surface displacement in the line-of-sight (LOS) between the ground and the satellite, which is at an angle of about 30 degrees from the vertical up and to the east. Suggested Use: Unwrapped Interferogram (UNW): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East Across Track Displacement (RNG): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East Along Track Displacement (AZI): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East NOTE: Small vertical displacements have also occurred, but the primary surface displacements were in the horizontal plane. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Resolution: Sentinel-1: 90 meters ALOS-2: 30 meters Credits: NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA Team The Sentinel-1 data products contain modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2023), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 Data Products are provided by JAXA, facilitated by NASA and analyzed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Service URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/home/item.html?id=bbcdefb8b11546f28e83bfa9cac87f9a WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202302_EARTHQUAKE_TURKIYE/2302_opera_surf_disp/ImageServer/WMSServer Data Download: Sentinel-1 UNW: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/Displacements/Sentinel1/A014_20230209_20230221/ Sentinel 1 RNG & AZI: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/Displacements/Sentinel1/A014_20230128_20230209/ ALOS-2: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/Displacements/

Dates of Images: Post-Event: 06/25/2026 Pre-Event: 04/07/2026-06/13/2026 (8 images total) Summary: The NASA GSFC landslides team produced this landslide proxy heatmap from Sentinel-1 imagery. Potential landslides were detected by calculating the change in the backscatter coefficient before and after the triggering event using the log ratio approach (Iratio). The Iratio is generated by subtracting median pre- and post-event Radiometrically Terrain Corrected (RTC) gamma0 backscatter in decibel scale at 10 m resolution obtained from the Alaska Sar Facility’s Hybrid Pluggable Processing Pipeline (HyP3). This map should be used as a guide to identify areas likely affected by landslides. This is a rapid response product. We have not done any form of manual verification or corrections to remove false positives. The likely landslide pixels are identified using 99th percentile Iratio threshold considering areas greater than 10-degree in slope and not affected by radar shadow and layover effects. A heatmap is generated using identified landslide pixels for visualization ease. Pre-event imagery = median imagery generated using images from 04/07/2026-06/13/2026 (8 images total) Post-event imagery = 06/25/2026 Suggested Use: The red and yellow areas indicate potential zones of dense landsliding. False positives related to natural and human-made ground surface change, including but not limited to deformation from mining, construction, deforestation, agriculture, flooding, snow cover, and changes in reservoir water levels can also be within the red and yellow areas. Satellite/Sensor/Resolution: Synthetic Aperture Radar on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite, 10 meters Credits: NASA GSFC landslides team, Copernicus Sentinel-1 data Citation: Handwerger AL, Huang M-H, Jones SY, Amatya P, Kerner HR, Kirschbaum DB. 2022. Generating landslide density heatmaps for rapid detection using open-access satellite radar data in Google Earth Engine. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Copernicus Publications, 22(3): 753–773. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-753-2022. Esri REST Endpoint: See URL to the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202606_EARTHQUAKE_VENEZUELA/202611_sentinel1_landslide_heatmap/ImageServer/WMSServer

Date of Image: Sentinel 1 UNW: 2/21/2023 Sentinel-1 RNG & AZI: 2/9/2023 JAXA ALOS-2 UNW, AZI & RNG: 2/8/2025 Summary: Scientists working with Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology, both in Pasadena, California, created this displacement map with measurements of the surface displacements, in the radar line-of-sight, caused by the major earthquake in Turkiye. NOTE: The line-of-sight displacement (LOS) measurement is relative, and the dataset has not been calibrated to any ground location so there is a bias of the reference level, which is unknown. This data has not yet been validated. This displacement map should be used as guidance to identify areas of significant ground displacement, and may be less reliable over snow-covered and vegetated areas. SENTINEL-1: The map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites, operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). The team computed the interferometric difference (interferogram or interferometric SAR) between the post-event and pre-event images on the Sentinel-1 ascending (satellite moving north) track 14. The interferometric SAR (InSAR) measures the component of surface displacement in the line-of-sight (LOS) between the ground and the satellite, which is at an angle of about 40 degrees from the vertical and slightly south of due west. Sentinel 1 UNW: post-event image from 2/21, pre-event image from 2/9. Sentinel 1 RNG & AZI: post-event image from 2/9, pre-event image 1/28. JAXA ALOS-2: The maps were derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the ALOS-2 L-band operated by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ALOS-2 SAR satellite. The team computed the interferometric difference (interferogram or interferometric SAR) and pixel offset tracking between the post-event image acquired on February 8, 2023 with a pre-event image acquired on April 6, 2022, on the ALOS-2 descending (satellite moving south) track 78. The interferometric SAR (InSAR) measures the component of surface displacement in the line-of-sight (LOS) between the ground and the satellite, which is at an angle of about 30 degrees from the vertical up and to the east. Suggested Use: Unwrapped Interferogram (UNW): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East Across Track Displacement (RNG): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East Along Track Displacement (AZI): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East NOTE: Small vertical displacements have also occurred, but the primary surface displacements were in the horizontal plane. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Resolution: Sentinel-1: 90 meters ALOS-2: 30 meters Credits: NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA Team The Sentinel-1 data products contain modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2023), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 Data Products are provided by JAXA, facilitated by NASA and analyzed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Service URL: WMS Endpoint: Data Download: Sentinel-1 UNW: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/Displacements/Sentinel1/A014_20230209_20230221/ Sentinel 1 RNG & AZI: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/Displacements/Sentinel1/A014_20230128_20230209/ ALOS-2: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/Displacements/

Dates of Images: Post-Event: 06/25/2026 Pre-Event: 04/07/2026-06/13/2026 (8 images total) Summary: The NASA GSFC landslides team produced this landslide proxy heatmap from Sentinel-1 imagery. Potential landslides were detected by calculating the change in the backscatter coefficient before and after the triggering event using the log ratio approach (Iratio). The Iratio is generated by subtracting median pre- and post-event Radiometrically Terrain Corrected (RTC) gamma0 backscatter in decibel scale at 10 m resolution obtained from the Alaska Sar Facility’s Hybrid Pluggable Processing Pipeline (HyP3). The likely landslide pixels are identified using 99th percentile Iratio threshold considering areas greater than 10-degree in slope and not affected by radar shadow and layover effects. A heatmap is generated using identified landslide pixels for visualization ease. Pre-event imagery = median imagery generated using images from 04/07/2026-06/13/2026 (8 images total) Post-event imagery = 06/25/2026 This map should be used as a guide to identify areas likely affected by landslides. This is a rapid response product. We have not done any form of manual verification or corrections to remove false positives. Suggested Use: The red and yellow areas indicate potential zones of dense landsliding. False positives related to natural and human-made ground surface change, including but not limited to deformation from mining, construction, deforestation, agriculture, flooding, snow cover, and changes in reservoir water levels can also be within the red and yellow areas. Satellite/Sensor/Resolution: Synthetic Aperture Radar on European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite, 10 meters Credits: NASA GSFC landslides team, Copernicus Sentinel-1 data Citation: Handwerger AL, Huang M-H, Jones SY, Amatya P, Kerner HR, Kirschbaum DB. 2022. Generating landslide density heatmaps for rapid detection using open-access satellite radar data in Google Earth Engine. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Copernicus Publications, 22(3): 753–773. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-753-2022. Esri REST Endpoint: See URL to the right. WMS Endpoint: See Sublayers.