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Particulate backscattering coefficient at 442 nanometers (bbp (442)) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). This bbp (442) data layer provides a proxy of water clarity overall as well as an estimate of suspended particulate constituents present in the water. bbp (442) is provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of approximately 0.04 degrees, or 4 kilometers (km) at the equator. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of land, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Particulate Backscattering at 442 nm [m-1] Backscattering coefficient of suspended particulate material at 442 nm in units of inverse meters (m-1) Spatial resolution 4 km2 Level-3, mapped to standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE bbp (442) products, which are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) suite. NASA Earthdata account required to download. Data Version Version 3.2 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.2 Release Notes for details. Latency ̃1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Lower latency “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE bbp (442) data are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) NRT suite. Latency typically account required to download. What can I do with this layer? The bbp (442) data layer supports water-type classification, water-clarity assessment, biogeochemical studies, and forward/adjoint radiative-transfer applications. As an inherent optical property (IOP, described in background information below), bbp (442) is more suitable for cross-sensor comparisons than apparent optical property (AOP) measurements, which vary with solar conditions at the time of measurement. The time (8 day average) and space (4 km2) resolution of this data layer enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at sub-regional to global scales. What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: These products are Level 3, globally-binned products from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), which by default are masked (pixel data value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. For a list of these parameters, see the third column of the table included here: https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/atbd/ocl2flags/. Application of bbp (442) in varied water types: The Generalized Inherent Optical Properties framework in its default algorithm configuration (GIOP-DC; Werdell et al. 2013) used to derive bbp (442) was developed to maximize global performance. End users are advised to carefully consider the validity of retrievals in extreme conditions such as highly turbid, optically shallow, and inland/freshwater systems where values may carry higher uncertainty. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. at DOI 10.5067/ZGBW3QECROJ2. Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied. Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE’s primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more. How is bbp (442) calculated and what does it represent? Inherent optical properties (IOPs; spectral absorption and backscattering coefficients) help us understand how different wavelengths (colors) of light are scattered and absorbed by materials present in natural waters such as lakes, coastal waters, and the ocean. Unlike apparent optical properties (AOPs), IOPs are independent of the surrounding light field or viewing geometry. The different constituents in natural waters - including the water itself, phytoplankton, dissolved matter, and non-algal particulate matter - absorb and scatter light in different ways due to factors such as shape, size, and pigmentation. The types and relative concentrations of constituent matter drive the character of the light reflected from the water making IOPs key parameters in understanding marine biogeochemical processes and the characteristics of the under-water light field. The current default configuration of the Generalized Inherent Optical Properties (GIOP-DC; Werdell et al. 2013) algorithm used to derive this data layer is based on a scientific understanding of the physics of light in water, relating IOPs to the light reflected from the ocean that is observed by space-borne sensors. The GIOP-DC input variables include spectral remote sensing reflectance values and biophysical environmental conditions, and returned variables include 7 atmospherically corrected spectral IOPs of near surface waters and their uncertanty values (see ATBD for details). Of these GIOP-DC output variables, the coefficients of both particulate bacscattering and non-algal particulate plus colored dissolved organic matter at one wavelength of 442 nm (bbp (455) and adg (442), respectively, in units of meters-1) are provided here as data layers to utilize as measures of the absorption and scattering properties of a given water body. What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. Global, hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance observations from OCI with over 250 spectral bands, and used to derive many of PACE's aquatic products, are available to download in NetCDF format from NASA Earthdata as Level 3, mapped data with 4 km2 resolution or as Level 2 granules at unprojected, native spatial resolution (1.2 km2). To learn more about obtaining PACE data from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find your product(s) of interest in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. To learn about using Earthdata Search to narrow your data product selection, watch this tutorial. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission? Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here. References: McKinna, L. & Werdell, J., authors. (2024) Algorithm theoretical basis document: Inherent Optical Properties, Version 1.0. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Lab. https://doi.org/10.5067/JCQB8QALDOYD. Werdell, P. J., Franz, B. A., Bailey, S. W., Feldman, G. C., Boss, E., Brando, V. E., Dowell, M. et al. (2013) Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties. Applied Optics, 52(10), 2019--2037. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.002019 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1
From Santa Monica Municipal Code 4.12.050: The properties hereinafter described are hereby assigned to the following noise zones: Noise Zone I. All property in any residential district established by Municipal Code Subchapter 9.04.04 or any revisions thereto. In addition, property zoned Low Density Multiple Residential Beach District (R2B), Medium Density Multiple Family Coastal Residential District (R3R), Ocean Park Single Family Residential District (OP1), OP Duplex Ocean Park Duplex Residential District (OP-Duplex) OPD, Ocean Park Low Multiple Residential District (OP2), Ocean Park Medium Multiple Residential District (OP3), and Ocean Park High Multiple Residential District (OP4) shall be included in this noise zone. The Santa Monica Pier shall be excluded from this noise zone. Noise Zone II. All property in any commercial district established by Municipal Code Subchapter 9.04.04 or any revisions thereto. In addition, property zoned Beach Parking District (BPD), Civic Center (CC), Bayside Commercial District (BSCD) and the Santa Monica Pier shall be included in this noise zone. Noise Zone III. All property in any manufacturing or industrial district as established by Municipal Code Subchapter 9.04.04 or any revisions thereto. In addition, property zoned Light Manufacturing and Studio District (LMSD) shall be included in this noise zone. (Added by Ord. No. 2115CCS § 1, adopted 2/24/04)
Overview This map layer prepared by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) presents the cumulative impact of human activities on marine ecosystems across North America based on Halpern et al. 2008. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319 (5865): 948–952. To generate this map, a research team collected or created global maps of 17 different human activities, such as fishing and pollution, that have an impact on marine ecosystems, as well as maps of different marine ecosystems. The team quantified the vulnerability of each marine ecosystem to the different human activities, and this map of human impacts was made by combining the threat maps and the vulnerability scores. Geographic Coverage The coverage spans North American marine areas, including the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Data Sources and Licensing Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Halpern et al. (2008). The data is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), allowing redistribution and adaptation with appropriate attribution. Update frequency: Not planned Limitations of use: Acknowledgment of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation and/or the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis is appreciated in products derived from these data. Vintage: 2007–2008 Applications (Intended Use) Marine spatial planning and ecosystem-based management. Allocation of conservation resources and identification of priority areas for protection. Assessing cumulative human pressures on ocean ecosystems for research and education. Supporting cross-border environmental cooperation and policy-making among North American nations. Files Download
Dates of Images: Pre-Event: 04/20/2024 (pre-flood) Post-Event: 05/06/2024, 05/07/2024, 05/09/2024, 05/15/2024, 05/21/2024 Time Zone: GMT (local crossing time of ~1:00 pm) Summary: This product is the apparent visible wavelength (AVW) of each pixel in a scene, approximating the overall color of the surface. It is calculated by taking the harmonic mean of surface reflectances from 350 nm to 895 nm, and can provide a sense of what has changed in the landscape by comparing several days against each other, as the change in apparent color of a surface often occurs under drastic circumstances. Dates covered include one pre-flood day (04/20/2024) and 5 flood days ending on 05/21/2024 at ~1:00 local time. AVW for each day is delivered, as is a % change from the pre-flood day to each of the 5 flood days afterward, showing the magnitude of color change in the area. Depending on the direction of change, one can infer the type of surface change from AVW. Typically, this metric is calculated from Rrs used for ocean color analyses (see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111900), but can be made from surface reflectances and used over land as well. Suggested Use: Given that AVW is the apparent color of pixel, it can be used to track changes in land and water surfaces. The AVW value indicates average color reflected from a surface, e.g., healthy vegetation will have AVW in the NIR, water in the blues and greens, and turbid water in the reds. During flood days, the area around the Jacui River gets significantly redder (from previous NIR values), which can indicate turbid water supressing the typical vegetated signal in that area. Also, the Lagoa dos Patos gets significantly redder (from the greens), which indicates different conditions in the water (i.e., injection of sediment, which has average colors in the red). Images are typically displayed using the "Spectral" color map, with bounds from 400 - 700 (see attachment). For the percent change images, negative changes signify shorter average wavelengths (can be thought of as blue-shifting) and positive % changes are elongated average wavelengths (i.e., red-shifts). In other words, these shifting wavelengths tell us that some environmental change has caused the average color of a pixel to change. Users should note that pixels on the edges of masked clouds may see an elevated magnitude of percent change relative to neighboring non-cloud-edge pixels due to the adjacency effect”. Satellite/Sensor/Resolution: Satellite: PACE, sensor: OCI, temporal resolution: daily, spatial resolution: gridded to 0.015 degrees from a Level 2 product in instrument swath (varying pixel size, 1.2 km at nadir). Credits: Credit: NASA PACE Team, POC: Skye Caplan, Link to data: https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C3620139902-OB_CLOUD&pg[0][v]=f&pg[0][gsk]=-start_date&q=oci%20sfrefl Esri REST Endpoint: See URL to the right. WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_EX2602_202405_FLOOD_BRAZIL/ex2602_pace_avw/ImageServer/WMSServer
This collection offers Sentinel-1 Level-2 Ocean (OCN) products captured in Wave Mode (WV). Level-2 OCN products are specifically processed radar data. These products consist of geo-located geophysical parameters derived from Sentinel-1 Level-1 SAR data and are composed of three components: an Ocean Swell Spectra (OSW) component, an Ocean Wind Field (OWI) component, and a Radial Velocity (RVL) component. The OWI component is a ground-range gridded estimate of the surface wind speed and direction at 10 m above the surface. The OSW component is a two-dimensional ocean surface swell spectrum and includes an estimate of wind speed and direction for each swell spectrum. The OSW component provides continuous measurements of SAR swell spectra at C-band. The RVL surface radial velocity component is a ground-range gridded difference between the measured Level-2 Doppler grid and the geometrical Doppler calculated from Level-1 data. The RVL component provides continuity with the ASAR Doppler grid. OCN products are generated from all four Sentinel-1 imaging modes. In SM mode, the OCN product contains all three components. In IW and EW modes, the OCN product contains only OWI and RVL. In WV mode, the OCN product contains only OSW and RVL.
This collection offers Sentinel-1 Level-2 Ocean (OCN) products captured in Wave Mode (WV). Level-2 OCN products are specifically processed radar data. These products consist of geo-located geophysical parameters derived from Sentinel-1 Level-1 SAR data and are composed of three components: an Ocean Swell Spectra (OSW) component, an Ocean Wind Field (OWI) component, and a Radial Velocity (RVL) component. The OWI component is a ground-range gridded estimate of the surface wind speed and direction at 10 m above the surface. The OSW component is a two-dimensional ocean surface swell spectrum and includes an estimate of wind speed and direction for each swell spectrum. The OSW component provides continuous measurements of SAR swell spectra at C-band. The RVL surface radial velocity component is a ground-range gridded difference between the measured Level-2 Doppler grid and the geometrical Doppler calculated from Level-1 data. The RVL component provides continuity with the ASAR Doppler grid. OCN products are generated from all four Sentinel-1 imaging modes. In SM mode, the OCN product contains all three components. In IW and EW modes, the OCN product contains only OWI and RVL. In WV mode, the OCN product contains only OSW and RVL.
Absorption coefficient of detrital (non-algal particulate) material and gelbstoff (colored dissolved organic matter) at 442 nanometers (adg (442)) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). This adg (442) data layer provides proxy of water clarity overall as well as an estimate of the optically active dissolved and particulate constituents other than phytoplankton present in the water. adg (442) is provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of approximately 0.04 degrees, or 4 kilometers (km) at the equator. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of land, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Absorption of Gelbstoff and Detrital Material at 442nm [m-1] Absorption coefficient of gelbstoff (colored dissolved organic matter) and detritus (non-algal particulate matter) at 442 nanometers, in units of inverse meters (m-1) Spatial resolution 4 km2 Level-3, mapped to standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE adg (442) products, which are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) suite. NASA Earthdata account required to download. Data Version Version 3.2 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.2 Release Notes for details. Latency ̃1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Lower latency “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE adg (442) data are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) NRT suite. Latency typically account required to download. What can I do with this layer? The adg (442) data layer supports water-type classification, water-clarity assessment, biogeochemical studies, and forward/adjoint radiative-transfer applications. As an inherent optical property (IOP, described in background information below), adg (442) is more suitable for cross-sensor comparisons than apparent optical property (AOP) measurements, which vary with solar conditions at the time of measurement. The time (8 day average) and space (4 km2) resolution of this data layer enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at sub-regional to global scales. What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: These products are Level 3, globally-binned products from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), which by default are masked (pixel data value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. For a list of these parameters, see the third column of the table included here: https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/atbd/ocl2flags/. Application of adg (442) in varied water types: The Generalized Inherent Optical Properties framework in its default algorithm configuration (GIOP-DC; Werdell et al. 2013) used to derive adg (442) was developed to maximize global performance. End users are advised to carefully consider the validity of retrievals in extreme conditions such as highly turbid, optically shallow, and inland/freshwater systems where values may carry higher uncertainty. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. at DOI 10.5067/ZGBW3QECROJ2. Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied. Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more. How is adg (442) calculated and what does it represent? Inherent optical properties (IOPs; spectral absorption and backscattering coefficients) help us understand how different wavelengths (colors) of light are scattered and absorbed by materials present in natural waters such as lakes, coastal waters, and the ocean. Unlike apparent optical properties (AOPs), IOPs are independent of the surrounding light field or viewing geometry. The different constituents in natural waters - including the water itself, phytoplankton, dissolved matter, and non-algal particulate matter - absorb and scatter light in different ways due to factors such as shape, size, and pigmentation. The types and relative concentrations of constituent matter drive the character of the light reflected from the water making IOPs key parameters in understanding marine biogeochemical processes and the characteristics of the under-water light field. The current default configuration of the Generalized Inherent Optical Properties (GIOP-DC; Werdell et al. 2013) algorithm used to derive this data layer is based on a scientific understanding of the physics of light in water, relating IOPs to the sunlight reflected from the ocean that is observed by space-borne sensors. The GIOP-DC input variables include spectral remote sensing reflectance values and biophysical environmental conditions, and returned variables include 7 atmospherically corrected spectral IOPs of near surface waters and their uncertanty values (see ATBD for details). Of these GIOP-DC output variables, the coefficients of both particulate bacscattering and non-algal particulate plus colored dissolved organic matter at one wavelength of 442 nm (bbp (442) and adg (442), respectively, in units of meters-1) are provided here as data layers to utilize as measures of the absorption and scattering properties of a given water body. What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. Global, hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance observations from OCI with over 250 spectral bands, and used to derive many of PACE's aquatic products, are available to download in NetCDF format from NASA Earthdata as Level 3, mapped data with 4 km2 resolution or as Level 2 granules at unprojected, native spatial resolution (1.2 km2). To learn more about obtaining PACE data from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find your product(s) of interest in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. To learn about using Earthdata Search to narrow your data product selection, watch this tutorial. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission? Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here. References: McKinna, L. & Werdell, J., authors. (2024) Algorithm theoretical basis document: Inherent Optical Properties, Version 1.0. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Lab. https://doi.org/10.5067/JCQB8QALDOYD. Werdell, P. J., Franz, B. A., Bailey, S. W., Feldman, G. C., Boss, E., Brando, V. E., Dowell, M. et al. (2013) Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties. Applied Optics, 52(10), 2019--2037. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.002019 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1
Apparent Visible Wavelength (AVW) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). The AVW data product leverages OCI's continuous, hyperspectral set of remote sensing reflectance wavelengths spanning the visible spectrum (from 400-700 nanometers, nm) to calculate AVW in units of nm, a single value describing the dominant color of the water being observed (Vandermeulen et al. 2020; Vandermeulen and Cetinic 2024). AVW is provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of approximately 0.04 degrees, or 4 kilometers (km) at the equator. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of land, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Apparent Visible Wavelength [nm] Apparent visible wavelength, a measure of ocean color, in units of nanometers (nm) Spatial resolution 4 km2 Level-3, mapped to standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE AVW products, which are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Apparent Optical Properties (AOP) suite. NASA Earthdata account required to download. Data Version Version 3.2 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.2 Release Notes for details. Latency ̃1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Lower latency “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE AVW products are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Apparent Optical Properties (AOP) suite. Latency typically account required to download. What can I do with this layer? AVW is simple and intuitive spectral classification tool that enables a more manageable handling of complex spectral information for aquatic science applications (Vandermeulen et al. 2020). Changing values in AVW are a measure of change in the ocean's dominant color: lower AVW values represent more clear water and higher values represent more turbid water. AVW is a useful as an optical water-type index, partitioning a region's ocean observations into types relevant to water quality and marine ecosystem processes. Additionally, AVW can be applied to datasets of varying multi- and hyperspectral resolutions. This provides continuity between PACE AVW and AVW from heritage satellite ocean color sensors (those launched prior to PACE), enabling examination of longer term (up to decadal) trends of AVW in a given region (Vandermeulen et al. 2020; Vandermeulen and Cetinic 2024). The time (8 day average) and space (4 km2) resolution of this data layer supports weekly to seasonal and annual insight at sub-regional to global scales. What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: These products are Level 3, globally-binned products from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), which by default are masked (pixel data value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. For a list of these parameters, see the third column of the table included here: https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/atbd/ocl2flags/. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. at DOI 10.5067/KAROCHG01RYJ. Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied. Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more. What does AVW represent and how is it calculated? AVW is a one-dimensional geophysical metric that is inherently correlated to ocean color, as defined by the remote sensing reflectance (R(λ)rs) spectral shape across the visible region of the spectrum (400-700 nm; Vandermeulen et al. 2020). R(λ)rs, the AVW algorithm input, is used to calculate the weighted harmonic mean of the wavelengths. Output is an AVW in units of nm, a quantitative descriptor of weighted mean color reflected from the water's surface. PACE AVW spans PACE's continuous hyperspectral R(λ)rs observations across the visible spectrum while AVW from heritage multi-spectral sensors is calculated from their 4-10 available R(λ)rs channels (Vandermeulen and Cetinic 2024). The entire visible spectrum is utilized in the calculation of AVW, affording the opportunity to describe and analyze spectral trends in R(λ)rs in terms of a single variable (Vandermeulen et al. 2020). This simplification allows for streamlined visualisation and monitoring of small changes in apparent color from highly complex optical data. AVW's dimensionality reduction of spectral information is a robust and user-friendly means to describe and analyze R(λ)rs in terms of spatial and temporal trends and variability. Also, AVW can be utilized across heritage and current ocean color sensors, allowing for continuity and long term monitoring of AVW in aquatic ecosystems. What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. Global, hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance observations from OCI with over 250 spectral bands, and used to derive many of PACE's aquatic products, are available to download in NetCDF format from NASA Earthdata as Level 3, mapped data with 4 km2 resolution or as Level 2 granules at unprojected, native spatial resolution (no finer than 1.2km2). To learn more about obtaining PACE data from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find your product(s) of interest in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. To learn about using Earthdata Search to narrow your data product selection, watch this tutorial. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission? Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here. References: Vandermeulen, R. and Cetinic, I., authors. (2024) Algorithm theoretical basis document: Apparent Visible Wavelength, Version 1.1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Lab. https://doi.org/10.5067/KAROCHG01RYJ. Vandermeulen, R. A., Mannino, A., Craig, S. E. & Werdell, P. J. (2020) 150 shades of green: Using the full spectrum of remote sensing reflectance to elucidate color shifts in the ocean. Remote Sensing of Environment, 247, 111900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111900 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1
Chlorophyll-a (Chlor_a) data layer from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). Chlor_a, a proxy of phytoplankton biomass, is calculated from a multi-spectral algorithm that blends the OC4 band ratio (O'Reilly & Werdell, 2019) and color index (CI) algorithms (Hu et al., 2019). Inputs include remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) values at Rrs(442), Rrs(490), Rrs(410), and Rrs(555) nanometers (nm) and 5 empirically-derived coefficients, see algorithm mathematical theory in section 3.2 of this document for details. Chlor_a layer provided here as global, 8-day averages of surface chlorophyll-a concentration (mg m-3) mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of approximately 0.04 degrees, or 4 kilometers (km) at the equator. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of land, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Chlorophyll-a [mg m-3] Surface chlorophyll-a concentration in milligrams per cubic meter Spatial resolution 4 km2 Level-3, mapped to standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE Chlor_a products, which are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Biogeochemical Properties (BGC) suite. NASA Earthdata account required to download. Data Version Version 3.2 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.2 Release Notes for details. Latency ̃1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Lower latency “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE Chlor_a products, which are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Biogeochemical Properties (BGC) NRT suite. NASA Earthdata account required to download. What can I do with this layer? As a measure of phytoplankton abundance and distribution in surface waters, Chlor_a supports analysis such as time-series, climatologies, and anomaly detection for ocean ecosystem and fisheries applications, teaching/training, and more. Chlor_a pairs well with other water quality parameters such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), and winds for environmental context. The time (8 day average) and space (4 km2) resolution of this data layer enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at sub-regional to global scales. What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: These products are Level 3, globally-binned products from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), which by default are masked (pixel data value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. For a list of these parameters, see the third column of the table included here: https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/atbd/ocl2flags/. Application of Chlor_a in varied water types: The Chlor_a algorithm was developed in clear, open ocean waters. End users are advised to carefully consider the validity of retrievals in extreme conditions such as highly turbid, optically shallow, and inland/freshwater systems where values may carry higher uncertainty. For example, Chlor_a values may be erroneously elevated in the presence of high sediment and/or colored dissolved organic matter concentrations often found at the land-sea interface. Algorithm documentation, and references therein, provide an overview of uncertainty and error in Chlor_a observations from heritage (missions prior to PACE) satellite ocean color observations. For PACE-specific performance evaluation see PACE Chlor_a compared to ship-based chlorophyll a concentrations, results of ongoing field efforts to evaluate performance of PACE algorithms in waters across the globe. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. at DOI 10.5067/JCQB8QALDOYD. Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied. Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more. What does Chlor_a represent? Daily, global Chlor_a has been continuously collected by NASA since 1997 utilizing a heritage, multi-band algorithm designed for the open ocean. The Chlor_a algorithm calculates the concentration of a major photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll a, found within aquatic phytoplankton residing in the sunlit layer of the water column. Phytoplankton are single-celled, photosynthetic organisms that form the bottom levels of the marine and freshwater food webs. Functioning as the “plants” of the aquatic environment, they are an energy source for most life in aquatic ecosystems and also make the ocean an important food source for humans. Nearly all phytoplankton have the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a, hence Chlor_a is considered a proxy of the abundance and distribution of the total phytoplankton community. The input data for Chlor_a are satellite measurements of various wavelengths of light exiting the water. Chlorophyll a absorbs blue, green, and red wavelengths differently depending on its concentration. This changes the intensity and color of light exiting the aquatic system, which gives the water its color, and allows relationships to be developed that relate the light detected by the sensor to chlorophyll a concentration. In the past decades, the identification of phytoplankton from satellite remote sensing has been mainly focused on chlorophyll a, and the products have been widely used to represent the phytoplankton biomass in primary productivity estimation and biogeochemical models. What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. Global, hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance observations from OCI with over 250 spectral bands, and used to derive many of PACE's aquatic products, are available to download in NetCDF format from NASA Earthdata as Level 3, mapped data with 4 km2 resolution or as Level 2 granules at unprojected, native spatial resolution (no finer than 1.2km2). To learn more about obtaining PACE data from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find your product(s) of interest in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. To learn about using Earthdata Search to narrow your data product selection, watch this tutorial. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission? Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here. References: Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: https://doi.org/10.5067/JCQB8QALDOYD. Hu, C., Feng, L., Lee, Z., Franz, B. A., Bailey, S. W., Werdell, P. J. & Proctor, C. W. (2019). Improving satellite global chlorophyll a data products through algorithm refinement and data recovery. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(3), 1524--1543. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC014941 O'Reilly, J. E. & Werdell, P. J. (2019). Chlorophyll algorithms for ocean color sensors - OC4, OC5 & OC6. Remote Sensing of Environment, 229, 32--47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.021 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019). The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1
This theme includes all OpenStreetMap features in this area matching ( Learn what tags means here ) : tags['amenity'] IN ('mobile_money_agent','bureau_de_change','bank','microfinance','atm','sacco','money_transfer','post_office') Features may have these attributes: - name - name:en - amenity - operator - network - addr:full - addr:city - source This dataset is one of many OpenStreetMap exports on HDX. See the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team website for more information.
The dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of cobia (rachycentron canadum) in Djibouti, produced under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative, using publicly accessible data. Cobia is distributed in warm marine waters worldwide displaying a very large potential suitable area. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat of Cobia (rachycentron canadum). (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2024-04-17 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage source statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of cobia (rachycentron canadum 2. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme of cobia (rachycentron canadum 3. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 Web available data 4. Sea Ports - OpenStreetMap 5. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 6. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Zipped shapefile for Offshore Mariculture Suitability for Cobia - Djibouti
The vector dataset represents suitable areas for offshore mariculture of Cobia (rachycentron canadum) in São Tomé and Príncipe, produced in 2022 under the scope of the Hand-in-Hand initiative, using publicly accessible data. Cobia is distributed in warm marine waters worldwide displaying a very large potential suitable area. It is selected as a representative species for tropical/subtropical waters offshore mariculture. The geospatial analysis adopts Kapetsky and Aguilar-Manjarrez study (Kapetsky et al., 2013(*)) methodology, where suitability is estimated based on the assumptions: 1. Activity develops within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs). 2. Uses cages for fish. 3. Employs species with proven mariculture technologies and established markets or identified as having good prospects for future development. Analytical criteria and thresholds are defined based on technical limits on cages, cost-effective farming, and species habitat: 1. Depths (25–100 m). 2. Current speeds (10–100 cm/s). 3. Cost limits on distance from shore to offshore installations (25 nm (46.3 km)). 4. Reliable access to a port. 5. Habitat Cobia (rachycentron canadum). (*) Kapetsky, J. M., Aguilar-Majarrez, J., & Jenness, J. (2013). A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper (Issue No. 549, pp. 0–181). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. **Data creation:** 2022-08-05 **Contact points:** Metadata Contact: [FAO-Data](mailto:FAO-data@fao.org) **Data lineage:** lineage source statement The assessment analysis is developed using publicly accessible data. FAO Map Catalogue data 1. FAO aquatic species distribution map of Cobia (rachycentron canadum 2. Regions with HYCOM current speeds at 30m depth between 1 - 10, 10 - 100 and > 100 cm/s for all months in the year - Based on HYCOM NCODA (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA)) 8.9 km 2004-2008 3. Sea Ports 4. EEZ - VLIZ Flanders Maritime Institute - Maritime boundaries geodatabase version 5 (2009 5. Bathymetry – GEBCO – General Bathymetric Chart of the oceans - Gridded bathymetric data sets are global terrain models for ocean and land 2021 **Resource constraints:** This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). **Online resources:** Zipped raster TIF file for Offshore Mariculture Suitability for Cobia - São Tomé and Príncipe
The Defence Organisation provides a broad range of marine security services; it also undertakes a diverse range of non-security related tasks in Irish waters and beyond. The Sea-Fisheries Protection Authority (SFPA) as competent Authority has a Service Level Agreement with the Department of Defence (DoD) to secure efficient enforcement of sea-fisheries law through support from the Irish Defence Forces. The Naval Service is the State's principal seagoing agency, with a general responsibility to meet contingent and actual maritime defence requirements. In support of the Navy, the Air Corps’ Maritime Patrol Aircraft are primarily tasked on domestic fishery protection missions. Any proposal that has the potential to interfere with the performance by the Defence Forces of their security and non-security related tasks must be subject to consultation with the Defence Organisation. This includes potential interference with: Safety of navigation and access to naval facilities; Firing, test or exercise areas; Communication, and surveillance systems; and Fishery protection functions. Additionally, Haulbowline Naval Base in Cork is of strategic importance and there may be a need for future expansion of the Naval Base. Any future development proposals in Cork Harbour will also need to take cognisance of the requirements of the Naval Service.
Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2025 and will be retired in December 2027. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. Portions of the world's interior, such as central Asia are extremely secluded from the ocean and are more than 2,000 km from the nearest coast. Distance to coast can be used in asset management and modeling project costs. Phenomenon Mapped: Distance to coastUnits: KilometersCell Size: 655.9259912 metersSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Signed integerSpatial Reference: World Equidistant CylindricalMosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: GlobalSource: EsriPublication Date: 2015ArcGIS Server URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/sharing/servers/edc6d54479014a49941122acf1104cbe/ The Distance to Coast layer was calculated by Esri using the Euclidean Distance Tool in ArcMap and the Esri Country Boundaries layer. What can you do with this layer? Visualization: This layer can be used for visualization online in web maps and in ArcGIS Desktop. Analysis: This layer can be used as an input to geoprocessing tools and model builder. Raster Functions: Unit Conversion – kilometers to miles, Unit Conversion - kilometers to nautical miles, Cartographic Renderer, and Classified Renderer.
Line features marking the National Marine Planning Framework Area. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment, the data covers Ireland.
Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2025 and will be retired in December 2027. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. Ocean depth plays an important role in the distribution and abundance of living organisms and has important implications for shipping and offshore development projects such as wind power and oil extraction. Phenomenon Mapped: Seafloor depth, bathymetryUnits: Meters below sea levelCell Size: 30 arc seconds, approximately 1 kmSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Signed integerSpatial Reference: GCS_WGS_1984Mosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Global oceansSource: Marine Conservation Institute (MCI)Citation: Becker JJ, Sandwell DT, Smith WHF, Braud J, Binder B, et al. (2009) Global bathymetry and elevation data at 30 arc seconds resolution: SRTM30_PLUS. Marine Geodesy 32: 355–371.Publication Date: 2009ArcGIS Server URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/sharing/servers/3e20c8ae23b44ca7b99af621fdc129de/ The Marine Conservation Institute used this dataset as an input to a predictive habitat model documented in the publication Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals. The source data is available from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Satellite Geodesy Webpage. What can you do with this layer? Visualization: This layer can be used for visualization online in web maps and in ArcGIS Desktop. Analysis: This layer can be used as an input to geoprocessing tools and model builder. Raster Functions: Unit Conversion – meters to feet, Cartographic Renderer, Aspect, Slope, and Hillshade - see this blog for more information.
Global coral reefs and atolls at 1:10 million scale from Natural Earth. Includes major reef systems and atoll formations worldwide. Africa's coastal reefs along the Indian Ocean and Red Sea are included. Use this layer for marine conservation planning, coastal zone management, fisheries management, and biodiversity assessments in reef ecosystems. No additional information provided.
Particulate backscattering coefficient at 442 nanometers (bbp (442)) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). This bbp (442) data layer provides a proxy of water clarity overall as well as an estimate of suspended particulate constituents present in the water. bbp (442) is provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of approximately 0.04 degrees, or 4 kilometers (km) at the equator. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of land, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Particulate Backscattering at 442 nm [m-1] Backscattering coefficient of suspended particulate material at 442 nm in units of inverse meters (m-1) Spatial resolution 4 km2 Level-3, mapped to standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE bbp (442) products, which are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) suite. NASA Earthdata account required to download. Data Version Version 3.2 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.2 Release Notes for details. Latency ̃1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Lower latency “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE bbp (442) data are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) NRT suite. Latency typically account required to download. What can I do with this layer? The bbp (442) data layer supports water-type classification, water-clarity assessment, biogeochemical studies, and forward/adjoint radiative-transfer applications. As an inherent optical property (IOP, described in background information below), bbp (442) is more suitable for cross-sensor comparisons than apparent optical property (AOP) measurements, which vary with solar conditions at the time of measurement. The time (8 day average) and space (4 km2) resolution of this data layer enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at sub-regional to global scales. What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: These products are Level 3, globally-binned products from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), which by default are masked (pixel data value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. For a list of these parameters, see the third column of the table included here: https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/atbd/ocl2flags/. Application of bbp (442) in varied water types: The Generalized Inherent Optical Properties framework in its default algorithm configuration (GIOP-DC; Werdell et al. 2013) used to derive bbp (442) was developed to maximize global performance. End users are advised to carefully consider the validity of retrievals in extreme conditions such as highly turbid, optically shallow, and inland/freshwater systems where values may carry higher uncertainty. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. at DOI 10.5067/ZGBW3QECROJ2. Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied. Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE’s primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more. How is bbp (442) calculated and what does it represent? Inherent optical properties (IOPs; spectral absorption and backscattering coefficients) help us understand how different wavelengths (colors) of light are scattered and absorbed by materials present in natural waters such as lakes, coastal waters, and the ocean. Unlike apparent optical properties (AOPs), IOPs are independent of the surrounding light field or viewing geometry. The different constituents in natural waters - including the water itself, phytoplankton, dissolved matter, and non-algal particulate matter - absorb and scatter light in different ways due to factors such as shape, size, and pigmentation. The types and relative concentrations of constituent matter drive the character of the light reflected from the water making IOPs key parameters in understanding marine biogeochemical processes and the characteristics of the under-water light field. The current default configuration of the Generalized Inherent Optical Properties (GIOP-DC; Werdell et al. 2013) algorithm used to derive this data layer is based on a scientific understanding of the physics of light in water, relating IOPs to the light reflected from the ocean that is observed by space-borne sensors. The GIOP-DC input variables include spectral remote sensing reflectance values and biophysical environmental conditions, and returned variables include 7 atmospherically corrected spectral IOPs of near surface waters and their uncertanty values (see ATBD for details). Of these GIOP-DC output variables, the coefficients of both particulate bacscattering and non-algal particulate plus colored dissolved organic matter at one wavelength of 442 nm (bbp (455) and adg (442), respectively, in units of meters-1) are provided here as data layers to utilize as measures of the absorption and scattering properties of a given water body. What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. Global, hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance observations from OCI with over 250 spectral bands, and used to derive many of PACE's aquatic products, are available to download in NetCDF format from NASA Earthdata as Level 3, mapped data with 4 km2 resolution or as Level 2 granules at unprojected, native spatial resolution (1.2 km2). To learn more about obtaining PACE data from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find your product(s) of interest in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. To learn about using Earthdata Search to narrow your data product selection, watch this tutorial. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission? Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here. References: McKinna, L. & Werdell, J., authors. (2024) Algorithm theoretical basis document: Inherent Optical Properties, Version 1.0. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Lab. https://doi.org/10.5067/JCQB8QALDOYD. Werdell, P. J., Franz, B. A., Bailey, S. W., Feldman, G. C., Boss, E., Brando, V. E., Dowell, M. et al. (2013) Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties. Applied Optics, 52(10), 2019--2037. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.002019 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1
Absorption coefficient of detrital (non-algal particulate) material and gelbstoff (colored dissolved organic matter) at 442 nanometers (adg (442)) from the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). This adg (442) data layer provides proxy of water clarity overall as well as an estimate of the optically active dissolved and particulate constituents other than phytoplankton present in the water. adg (442) is provided as global, 8-day averages mapped to a standard, equal-angle, latitude-longitude grid of approximately 0.04 degrees, or 4 kilometers (km) at the equator. Pixels with no data values are masked (excluded) due to presence of land, cloud cover, or other features marked by quality control flags as described below. Data Layer Summary Name, units Absorption of Gelbstoff and Detrital Material at 442nm [m-1] Absorption coefficient of gelbstoff (colored dissolved organic matter) and detritus (non-algal particulate matter) at 442 nanometers, in units of inverse meters (m-1) Spatial resolution 4 km2 Level-3, mapped to standard grid, global coverage Time Resolution 8 day average Each pixel represents an average of the valid, daily values observed within that grid element during the 8-day interval (approx 1 week). Note: 8 day average data layer is calculated from daily, "refined" (archive-quality) Level 3 PACE adg (442) products, which are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) suite. NASA Earthdata account required to download. Data Version Version 3.2 Data versions change as improved calibration, validation, algorithm refinements, etc are applied over time. See Version 3.2 Release Notes for details. Latency ̃1 month This imagery service provides “refined” (archive-quality) PACE data products from March 2024-present, which have an approx 1 month latency. Note: Lower latency “near real time (NRT)” Level 3 PACE adg (442) data are available at NASA Earthdata via this link in NetCDF format as part of the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) NRT suite. Latency typically account required to download. What can I do with this layer? The adg (442) data layer supports water-type classification, water-clarity assessment, biogeochemical studies, and forward/adjoint radiative-transfer applications. As an inherent optical property (IOP, described in background information below), adg (442) is more suitable for cross-sensor comparisons than apparent optical property (AOP) measurements, which vary with solar conditions at the time of measurement. The time (8 day average) and space (4 km2) resolution of this data layer enables weekly to seasonal and annual insight at sub-regional to global scales. What should I know about the data? Data Status (Maturity): This product is provisional, which means that product results have been reviewed and are in family with heritage data products or other basis of expectation, but have not yet been extensively validated and so may still contain significant errors. Data layer is sufficient for qualitative determinations of product fitness-for-purpose, for testing by operational users, and may be suitable for scientific publication. Data Masking: These products are Level 3, globally-binned products from NASA’s Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), which by default are masked (pixel data value is set to null, or no data) according to a standard set of quality control parameters. For a list of these parameters, see the third column of the table included here: https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/atbd/ocl2flags/. Application of adg (442) in varied water types: The Generalized Inherent Optical Properties framework in its default algorithm configuration (GIOP-DC; Werdell et al. 2013) used to derive adg (442) was developed to maximize global performance. End users are advised to carefully consider the validity of retrievals in extreme conditions such as highly turbid, optically shallow, and inland/freshwater systems where values may carry higher uncertainty. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD): See ATBD for algorithm details including scientific theory, calculations, etc. at DOI 10.5067/ZGBW3QECROJ2. Where do I go with further questions? Visit NASA’s Earthdata Forum where users can post questions that are answered by the personnel working at NASA with the PACE mission and/or the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC) that processes and distributes PACE data. First, follow this link to view only “PACE” and “OBDAAC” tagged questions on the Earthdata Forum. Then search and read through previous posts for your question. If it has not yet been asked please post your question in the Forum and be sure "PACE" and "OBDAAC" filter tags are applied. Mission and Product Background PACE Mission Overview: Launched in February 2024, NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) observatory uniquely provides near-daily, hyperspectral coverage of Earth’s surface, plus hyperspectral and hyperangular polarimetry. PACE is a comprehensive Earth System mission, delivering all new, space-based information on the health and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial life (algae, plants), aerosol properties & modes (e.g. smoke, dust), cloud types, and more. The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), PACE's primary sensor, is a hyperspectral (5 nm resolution) imaging spectrometer that measures properties of light from the ultraviolet (UV, 340 nm) through visible and near infrared (NIR, 895 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in 1.25 to 2.5 nm steps, plus 7 shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (Werdell et al. 2019). Observations from OCI are moderate spatial resolution (1.2 km2), enabling a relatively frequent revisit time of 1-2 days. This combination of continuous, global coverage and spectral capabilities is unmatched by any other satellite platform, public or private. PACE benefits society by expanding our foundational knowledge of Earth and enabling novel, space-based science and applications tools across water resources (e.g. fisheries), air quality, land monitoring & management, and more. How is adg (442) calculated and what does it represent? Inherent optical properties (IOPs; spectral absorption and backscattering coefficients) help us understand how different wavelengths (colors) of light are scattered and absorbed by materials present in natural waters such as lakes, coastal waters, and the ocean. Unlike apparent optical properties (AOPs), IOPs are independent of the surrounding light field or viewing geometry. The different constituents in natural waters - including the water itself, phytoplankton, dissolved matter, and non-algal particulate matter - absorb and scatter light in different ways due to factors such as shape, size, and pigmentation. The types and relative concentrations of constituent matter drive the character of the light reflected from the water making IOPs key parameters in understanding marine biogeochemical processes and the characteristics of the under-water light field. The current default configuration of the Generalized Inherent Optical Properties (GIOP-DC; Werdell et al. 2013) algorithm used to derive this data layer is based on a scientific understanding of the physics of light in water, relating IOPs to the sunlight reflected from the ocean that is observed by space-borne sensors. The GIOP-DC input variables include spectral remote sensing reflectance values and biophysical environmental conditions, and returned variables include 7 atmospherically corrected spectral IOPs of near surface waters and their uncertanty values (see ATBD for details). Of these GIOP-DC output variables, the coefficients of both particulate bacscattering and non-algal particulate plus colored dissolved organic matter at one wavelength of 442 nm (bbp (442) and adg (442), respectively, in units of meters-1) are provided here as data layers to utilize as measures of the absorption and scattering properties of a given water body. What other PACE data layers are available? This data layer is 1 of 11 PACE products initially selected for the Living Atlas catalog from the mission’s comprehensive aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial product catalog. Click here to view all 11 PACE Living Atlas imagery services. Global, hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance observations from OCI with over 250 spectral bands, and used to derive many of PACE's aquatic products, are available to download in NetCDF format from NASA Earthdata as Level 3, mapped data with 4 km2 resolution or as Level 2 granules at unprojected, native spatial resolution (1.2 km2). To learn more about obtaining PACE data from NASA, first learn about PACE data access here, next decide which product(s) you would like to use, then go to NASA Earthdata to find your product(s) of interest in NetCDF format, which can be downloaded and then imported into ArcGIS. To learn about using Earthdata Search to narrow your data product selection, watch this tutorial. An Earthdata account is needed to download data from NASA, sign up here. How can I stay up to date with the PACE mission? Join the PACE Community for mission news, events, new product release announcements, and to receive our newsletters. Would you like to see imagery services for more PACE products? Please let us know here. References: McKinna, L. & Werdell, J., authors. (2024) Algorithm theoretical basis document: Inherent Optical Properties, Version 1.0. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Lab. https://doi.org/10.5067/JCQB8QALDOYD. Werdell, P. J., Franz, B. A., Bailey, S. W., Feldman, G. C., Boss, E., Brando, V. E., Dowell, M. et al. (2013) Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties. Applied Optics, 52(10), 2019--2037. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.002019 Werdell, P. J. et al. (2019) The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission: Status, Science, Advances. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100, 1775–1794. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0056.1
The GEBCO_2019 Grid was the first global bathymetric grid released by the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) that had been developed through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. The GEBCO_2019 product provides global coverage, spanning 89° 59' 52.5''N, 179° 59' 52.5''W to 89° 59' 52.5''S, 179° 59' 52.5''E on a 15 arc-second grid. It consists of 43200 rows x 86400 columns, giving 3,732,480,000 data points. The data values are pixel-centre registered i.e. they refer to elevations at the centre of grid cells. The data are available to free download according to the Terms of Use provided by https://www.gebco.net/. The GEBCO_2019 Grid has been projected to WGS 84 / IBCAO Polar Stereographic (EPSG:3996) and clipped to 50° N. GEBCO Compilation Group (2021) GEBCO 2021 Grid (doi:10.5285/c6612cbe-50b3-0cff-e053-6c86abc09f8f). Map cartography and styling compiled by Christian Brogaard Pedersen (cbp@geus.dk), Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). Disclaimer: The GEBCO Grid should NOT be used for navigation or for any other purpose involving safety at sea. The GEBCO Grid is made available 'as is'. While every effort has been made to ensure reliability within the limits of present knowledge, the accuracy and completeness of The GEBCO Grid cannot be guaranteed. No responsibility can be accepted by GEBCO, IHO, IOC, or those involved in its creation or publication for any consequential loss, injury or damage arising from its use or for determining the fitness of The GEBCO Grid for any particular use. The GEBCO Grid is based on bathymetric data from many different sources of varying quality and coverage. As The GEBCO Grid is an information product created by interpolation of measured data, the resolution of The GEBCO Grid may be significantly different to that of the resolution of the underlying measured data. Purpose The purpose of the dataset is to serve as a common bathymetric background map in the ISAAFFIK Arctic Gateway portal and to support visualisation and contextualisation of marine, geological and geophysical datasets in Arctic regions. Supplemental Information The dataset is based on GEBCO 2019 and must not be used for navigation purposes. The dataset has been created as a background map for the ISAAFFIK Arctic Gateway and is published as a Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) via GEUS’ ArcGIS Server. GEUS has only carried out a reprojection and publication of the original dataset. Lineage The GEBCO_2019 Grid is released by the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) and has been developed through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project with all rights reserved. The Seabed 2030 Project aims to bring together all available bathymetric data to produce the definitive map of the world ocean floor and make it available to all. The GEBCO_2019 product provides global coverage with a continuous, global terrain model for ocean and land with a spatial resolution of 15 arc-seconds grid. It consists of 86400 rows x 43200 columns, giving 3,732,480,000 data points. The data values are pixel-center registered i.e. they refer to elevations at the center of grid cells. The grid uses as a ‘base’ Version 1 of the SRTM15+ data set (Olson et al, 2014). This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. It is largely based on version 11 of SRTM30+ (Becker et al, 2009; Sandwell et al, 2014), augmented with the gridded bathymetric data sets developed by the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers. The published data were recalculated on a cell-registered grid for use by GEBCO. The majority of the work, for the non-polar regions, was done using the 'remove-restore' procedure (Smith and Sandwell, 1997; Becker, Sandwell and Smith, 2009 and Hell and Jakobsson, 2011). This is a two-stage process of computing the difference between the new data and the 'base' grid, gridding the difference and adding this difference back to the existing base grid. The aim is to achieve a smooth transition between the 'new' and 'base' data sets with the minimum of perturbation of the existing base data set. For the polar data sets, and the adjoining North Sea, are supplied in the form of complete grids. These data sets were included using feather blending techniques from GlobalMapper software version 11.01, made available by Blue Marble Geographic.
Polygon features recording coastal water quality in Ireland, with attributes for name, reporting status, last updated date, associated policies and owning organisation. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment.
This is the dataset for shark, skates and rays caught, tagged and released by charter skippers and sea anglers for Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI) (formerly Inland Fisheries Trust, then Central Fisheries Board). The dataset, relating to use of conventional tags, spans from 1970 to 2018. The fish capture and tagging location, as listed in the data table, is bound in the relevant ICES statistical sub rectangle (ices.dk/data/maps/Pages/ICES-statistical-rectangles.aspx). The individual rectangles measure 20' of longitude by 10' of latitude and are roughly square in shape, measuring approximately 10 nautical miles by 10 nautical miles (or 18x18 km) at 60°N. Where required capture locations were assigned, because for many fish (all species) point-specific co-ordinates were not provided by all taggers. Fish tagged in any named bay were assigned to a centroid within that bay, and those tagged by specific skippers were assigned a point location 5 km from their vessel’s port of departure. Tagging events are generally distributed around the Irish coast but some fish were tagged off the UK coast. An interactive map incorporating all the tagging (open data) can be accessed in the app hosted in IFI’s Open Data Hub. The co-operation of all charter skippers and anglers involved in this long-term tagging programme is much appreciated REST (JSON)
The usSEABED database is a large compilation (more than 1 million points, nationwide) and contains complex assortments of data and geologic information on the surficial character of the sea floor. Although the database was initially developed for use in studies of offshore sedimentary character for assessing marine aggregates and characterizing benthic habitats, it has potential for broader application by the marine science community and other users. Users are encouraged to generate their own queries and extract information to meet specific needs. Some possible applications or intended uses where data and maps from the usSEABED database are useful include the following: Observation and monitoring research Management and planning of coastal zones Homeland security and military applications Sea-floor engineering, planning, and design Placement and monitoring of ocean disposal sites Cultural resource protection Fisheries management and marine protected areas Scientific studies and seabed mapping requiring data on seabed roughness, bedform distribution, critical shear stress, and sediment transport flux Educational activities requiring illustrations or datasets Coastal change hazard predictive models requiring determination of sea-floor bottom-friction values for calibration Layers usSEABED Extracted - Extracted information about grain size, sediment texture, color, age, and other information about the sea floor derived from quantitative observations and analyses of samples. usSEABED Parsed - Parsed information about grain size, sediment texture, color, age, and other information about the sea floor derived from written descriptions from cores, grabs, photographs, and videos. usSEABED Calculated - Calculated information about grain size, sediment texture, color, age, and other information about the sea floor derived from calculations based on empirical relations or known functions performed by dbSEABED software. usSEABED Combined - Combined information including extracted, parsed, and calculated information about grain size, sediment texture, color, age, and other information about the sea floor derived from quantitative observations and analyses of samples (extracted); information, from written descriptions from cores, grabs, photographs, and videos (parsed); and information from calculations based on empirical relations or known functions performed by dbSEABED software (calculated). usSEABED Facies - Concatenated information about components (minerals and rock type), genesis (igneous, metamorphic, carbonate, terrigenous), and other appropriate groupings of information about the sea floor parsed from written descriptions of cores, grabs, photographs, and videos usSEABED Components - Numerical data about selected components (for example, minerals, rock type, microfossils, and benthic biota) and sea-floor features (for example, bioturbation, structure, and ripples) at a given site; values in the attribute fields are measures of membership in that attribute’s fuzzy set Table US9_SRC - Information about the original source data incorporated into the usSEABED database For more information please refer to the following resources: usSEABED: Offshore surficial-sediment database for samples collected within the United States Exclusive Economic Zone Sediments and the Sea Floor of the Continental Shelves and Coastal Waters of the United States—About the usSEABED Integrated Sea-Floor-Characterization Database, Built With the dbSEABED Processing System Accessing usSEABED Data compiled and released in 2020. Data is for the United States. Data is not updated. Citation Buczkowski, B.J., Reid, J.A., Schweitzer, P.N., Cross, V.A., and Jenkins, C.J., 2020, usSEABED—Offshore surficial-sediment database for samples collected within the United States Exclusive Economic Zone: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H3LGWM. Questions? Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
Galway County Landscape Character Type. Produced as part of the Galway County Development Plan 2022-2028. See www.galway.ie for further details. The Landscape Character Type identifies an area of land that has an appearance that is readily recognisable as being different and distinctive from other areas. A total of 10 character areas have been identified in the County. Each part of the County has been classified according to the type of landscape that it is part of, as follows; Coastal Landscape - the Coasts of Galway are highly distinctive, but very complex and varied, types of landscape that vary considerably between low and high tide. Island Landscape - large, inhabited islands, unconnected to the shore - more than 3km from the coast. Uplands and Bog Landscape - an extensive area of very open landscapes with low levels of settlement, roads or agriculture. Upland and Bogs make up much of the centre of those western parts of the county that are nearest to the Atlantic. Lake Environs Landscape - this type covers Lough Corrib and Lough Derg, Ireland’s second and third largest lakes respectively, both highly prized as recreational and scenic resources. North Galway Complex Landscape - an extensive grassland plain stretching from the Suck River in the east to the watershed of the River Clare in the west. It includes elevated areas such as Slieve Dart in the north, as well as lakes, turloughs, raised bogs, wetlands and winding rivers. Central Galway Complex Landscape - an extensive plain of grasslands comprising medium-to-large fields with low enclosures and many areas of low stone walls. This area contains the majority of the county's population with associated high levels of rural housing, roads and settlements. Urban Environs Landscape - around all major settlements, can establish extensive landscapes of urbanised appearance and character for a considerable distance around each centre. Shannon Environs Landscape - establishes an extensive area of distinctive character along much of the southeastern boundary of the county. Karst Landscape - distinctive localised landscape created where the northern-most extent Burren exposed limestone forms a southern boundary of County Galway. The characters that define the Karst Landscape extend beyond the southern boundary of County Galway. Slieve Aughty Landscape - distinctive uplands of the Slieve Aughty Mountains define the much of Galway's southern boundary with County Clare. Galway County Council provides this information with the understanding that it is not guaranteed to be accurate, correct, or complete. Galway County Council accepts no liability for any loss or damage suffered by those using this data for any purpose.
Yacht Mooring Locations available on the Coast of Galway, Ireland. Links are provided to bathymmetry maps of the locations. Galway County Council provides this information with the understanding that it is not guaranteed to be accurate, correct, or complete. Galway County Council accepts no liability for any loss or damage suffered by those using this data for any purpose.
Polygon features recording sailing density, with attributes for category, value and unit, linked to a chapter and map of the National Marine Planning Framework. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment and covering Ireland.
Line features representing seascape coastal types, with attributes including long and short names and policy names and codes. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment, the data covers Ireland.
Polygon features representing seascape character areas, with attributes including long and short names, policy names and codes, and area and length measurements. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment, the data covers Ireland.
Polygon features forming a tessellation of marine planning areas, published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment. Each feature has a policy code and area and length measurements. Coverage is Ireland.
Point features marking coastal built heritage sites in Ireland, with each point carrying a name, townland name, county and class description. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment.
Point features marking historic coastal towns in Ireland, with each point carrying a name and origin information. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment.
Point features recording ship wrecks in Irish waters, with each point carrying a wreck name, classification, place of loss and date of loss. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment.
Point features marking coastal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ireland, with each point carrying a title, address and county. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment.
Line features representing the Causeway Coastal Route in Ireland, with each feature carrying a route name and length. Published by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment.
Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of December 2025 and will be retired in December 2027. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. Silica is most common on the ocean floor beneath cold surface waters as it dissolves quickly in warm water. Silica is formed from the remains of organisms with silica based skeletons like diatoms or radiolarians. When large plankton blooms with a sudden die-off occur massive amounts of diatoms that associate die and contribute to the siliceous material on the seafloor. Silicate directly influences marine primary productivity. Phenomenon Mapped: Seafloor silicateUnits: Micromoles per literCell Size: 30 arc seconds, approximately 1 kmSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Unsigned integerSpatial Reference: GCS_WGS_1984Mosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Global oceansSource: Marine Conservation Institute (MCI)Citation: Garcia HE, Locarnini RA, Boyer TP, Antonov JI (2006) World Ocean Atlas 2005, Volume 4: Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, silicate). In: Levitus S, editor. 396 p. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 64, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC.Publication Date: 2006ArcGIS Server URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/sharing/servers/c21b6cf0d229428b9b23604b38f6ed70/ The Marine Conservation Institute used this dataset as an input to a predictive habitat model documented in the publication Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals. What can you do with this layer? Visualization: This layer can be used for visualization online in web maps and in ArcGIS Desktop. Analysis: This layer can be used as an input to geoprocessing tools and model builder. Raster Functions: Cartographic Renderer - see this blog for more information.