EOS-RS Damage Proxy Maps (JAXA ALOS-2, Copernicus Sentinel-1) for the Türkiye Earthquakes, February 2023

Date of Image: 2/8/2023, 2/9/2023, 2/10/2023 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: 2/8/2023 (EOS-RS, JAXA ALOS-2) The Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) created this preliminary Damage Proxy Map (DPM) depicting areas that are likely damaged in Turkiye (Turkey) and Syria due to the M7.8 and M7.5 earthquakes that occurred on 6 Feb 2023. This map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the ALOS-2 satellite operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) before (7 Apr 2021 and 6 Apr 2022) and after (8 Feb 2023) the event. 2/9/2023 (EOS-RS, Copernicus Sentinel-1) The Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) created this preliminary Damage Proxy Map (DPM) depicting areas that are likely damaged in Turkiye (Turkey) and Syria due to the M7.8 and M7.5 earthquakes that occurred on 6 Feb 2023. This map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) before (12 Oct 2022 to 28 Jan 2023) and after (9 Feb 2023) the event. 2/10/2023 (EOS-RS, Copernicus Sentinel-1) The Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) created this preliminary Damage Proxy Map (DPM) depicting areas that are likely damaged in Turkiye (Turkey) and Syria due to the M7.8 and M7.5 earthquakes that occurred on 6 Feb 2023. This map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) before (13 Oct 2022 to 29 Jan 2023) and after (10 Feb 2023) the event. Suggested Use: Standard Version: The color variation from pale yellow to red indicates increasingly more significant surface change (drop in radar reflection coherence). Preliminary validation was done by comparing with high-resolution optical imagery and media reports. Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) Version: The color variation from light blue to dark blue indicates increasingly more significant surface change. Preliminary validation was done by comparing with high-resolution optical imagery and media reports. NOTE: This damage proxy map could be used as a guidance to identify damaged areas, and may be less reliable over vegetated areas. The time intervals between the ALOS-2 acquisitions are up to a year apart, so the accuracy of the DPM may be lower in areas of vegetation, such as in the mountains. Scattered pixels over vegetated areas may be false positives, and a lack of colored pixels over vegetated areas may not mean no damage. Satellite/Sensor: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Copernicus Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: Original data ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Product - JAXA (2021-2023). Data were provided by Sentinel Asia and analyzed by the Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) in collaboration with NASA-JPL and Caltech. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022-2023), processed by ESA and analyzed by the Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) in collaboration with NASA-JPL and Caltech, using the Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) system originally developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and modified at EOS-RS. Service URL: WMS Endpoint:

Date of Image: 2/10/2023 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: 2/10/2023 (ARIA, Copernicus Sentinel-1) The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology in Southern California created this Damage Proxy Map (DPM) depicting areas that are likely damaged by the large earthquakes (Feb. 06, 2023) in Turkiye (Turkey) and Syria. The map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images on Feb. 10, 2023 by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). The pre-event images were taken from Sep. 19, 2022 to Jan. 29, 2022). Suggested Use: Standard Version: The color variation from pale yellow to red indicates increasingly more significant surface change (drop in radar reflection coherence). Preliminary validation was done by comparing with high-resolution optical imagery and media reports. NOTE: This damage proxy map could be used as a guidance to identify damaged areas, and may be less reliable over vegetated and mountainous areas. Scattered pixels over vegetated areas may be false positives, and a lack of colored pixels over vegetated areas may not mean no damage. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022-2023), processed by ESA and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA team in collaboration with Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS). Part of the funding was provided by NASA's Earth Applied Sciences Disasters Program. Service URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/home/item.html?id=4e684f9ad7e74e5d991cb011ca0d07ad WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202302_EARTHQUAKE_TURKIYE/2302_opera_dpm/ImageServer/WMSServer Data Download: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/DPM/

Date of Image: 2/10/2023 Date of Next Image: Unknown Summary: 2/10/2023 (ARIA, Copernicus Sentinel-1) The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology in Southern California created this Damage Proxy Map (DPM) depicting areas that are likely damaged by the large earthquakes (Feb. 06, 2023) in Turkiye (Turkey) and Syria. The map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images on Feb. 10, 2023 by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). The pre-event images were taken from Sep. 19, 2022 to Jan. 29, 2022). Suggested Use: Standard Version: The color variation from pale yellow to red indicates increasingly more significant surface change (drop in radar reflection coherence). Preliminary validation was done by comparing with high-resolution optical imagery and media reports. NOTE: This damage proxy map could be used as a guidance to identify damaged areas, and may be less reliable over vegetated and mountainous areas. Scattered pixels over vegetated areas may be false positives, and a lack of colored pixels over vegetated areas may not mean no damage. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Resolution: 30 meters Credits: Sentinel-1 data were accessed through the Copernicus Open Hub and the Alaska Satellite Facility server. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022-2023), processed by ESA and analyzed by the NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA team in collaboration with Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS). Part of the funding was provided by NASA's Earth Applied Sciences Disasters Program. Service URL: WMS Endpoint: Data Download: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/DPM/

# Turkiye Syria Earthquake: Damage Proxy Maps, Feb 2023 The **Earth Observatory of Singapore – Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS)** produced these damage proxy maps for Turkiye Syria Earthquake (Feb 2023) from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images. Each map is a separate ZIP below with its GeoTIFF, a KMZ for Google Earth, the PNG figures and a text file describing how it was made and how to read it. ## Maps in this dataset - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 21 Feb 2023, v0.4** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 21 Feb 2023, v0.4** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 11 Feb 2023, v1.2** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 11 Feb 2023, v1.2** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 9-11 Feb 2023, v1.2** (superseded) - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 9-11 Feb 2023, v1.2** (superseded) - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 10 Feb 2023, v1.2** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 10 Feb 2023, v1.2** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 10 Feb 2023, v0.9** (superseded) - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 10 Feb 2023, v0.9** (superseded) - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 9 Feb 2023, v1.2** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 9 Feb 2023, v1.2** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 9 Feb 2023, v0.9** (superseded) - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 9 Feb 2023, v0.9** (superseded) - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 8 Feb 2023, v1.2** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 8 Feb 2023, v1.2** - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 8 Feb 2023, v0.5** (superseded) - **EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Türkiye (Turkey) and Syria, Earthquake, 8 Feb 2023, v0.5** (superseded) **More map details and files:** **More map details and files:** **Credits:** Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS), Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA), NASA-JPL/Caltech, Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022-2023)

# EOS-RS Damage Proxy Map: Ecuador, Earthquake, 19-26 Mar 2023, v0.8 The Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS) created this preliminary Damage Proxy Map (DPM) depicting areas that are likely damaged in southern Ecuador and northern Peru due to the M6.8 earthquake that occurred on 18 Mar 2023. This map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) before (7 Nov 2022 to 14 Mar 2023) and after (19-26 Mar 2023) the event. The image covers an area indicated by the large white polygon. Each pixel measures about 30 meters across. The colour variation from yellow to red indicates increasingly more significant surface change. Preliminary validation was done by comparing with media reports. This map could be used as a guidance to identify damaged areas, and may be less reliable over vegetated areas. Scattered pixels over vegetated areas may be false positives, and a lack of colored pixels over vegetated areas may not mean no damage. Some pixels may be due to changes in vegetation cover. The product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022-2023), processed by ESA and analyzed by the Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS). **More map details and files:** **More map details and files:** **Credits:** Earth Observatory of Singapore - Remote Sensing Lab (EOS-RS), Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022-2023).

Date of Image: Sentinel 1 UNW: 2/21/2023 Sentinel-1 RNG & AZI: 2/9/2023 JAXA ALOS-2 UNW, AZI & RNG: 2/8/2025 Summary: Scientists working with Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology, both in Pasadena, California, created this displacement map with measurements of the surface displacements, in the radar line-of-sight, caused by the major earthquake in Turkiye. NOTE: The line-of-sight displacement (LOS) measurement is relative, and the dataset has not been calibrated to any ground location so there is a bias of the reference level, which is unknown. This data has not yet been validated. This displacement map should be used as guidance to identify areas of significant ground displacement, and may be less reliable over snow-covered and vegetated areas. SENTINEL-1: The map was derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites, operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). The team computed the interferometric difference (interferogram or interferometric SAR) between the post-event and pre-event images on the Sentinel-1 ascending (satellite moving north) track 14. The interferometric SAR (InSAR) measures the component of surface displacement in the line-of-sight (LOS) between the ground and the satellite, which is at an angle of about 40 degrees from the vertical and slightly south of due west. Sentinel 1 UNW: post-event image from 2/21, pre-event image from 2/9. Sentinel 1 RNG & AZI: post-event image from 2/9, pre-event image 1/28. JAXA ALOS-2: The maps were derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the ALOS-2 L-band operated by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ALOS-2 SAR satellite. The team computed the interferometric difference (interferogram or interferometric SAR) and pixel offset tracking between the post-event image acquired on February 8, 2023 with a pre-event image acquired on April 6, 2022, on the ALOS-2 descending (satellite moving south) track 78. The interferometric SAR (InSAR) measures the component of surface displacement in the line-of-sight (LOS) between the ground and the satellite, which is at an angle of about 30 degrees from the vertical up and to the east. Suggested Use: Unwrapped Interferogram (UNW): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East Across Track Displacement (RNG): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East Along Track Displacement (AZI): Red colors indicate increasing displacement towards the West, while the Blue areas indicate increasing displacement towards the East NOTE: Small vertical displacements have also occurred, but the primary surface displacements were in the horizontal plane. Satellite/Sensor: Copernicus Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Resolution: Sentinel-1: 90 meters ALOS-2: 30 meters Credits: NASA-JPL/Caltech ARIA Team The Sentinel-1 data products contain modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2023), processed by the European Space Agency and analyzed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 Data Products are provided by JAXA, facilitated by NASA and analyzed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Service URL: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/home/item.html?id=bbcdefb8b11546f28e83bfa9cac87f9a WMS Endpoint: https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/services/DISASTERS_202302_EARTHQUAKE_TURKIYE/2302_opera_surf_disp/ImageServer/WMSServer Data Download: Sentinel-1 UNW: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/Displacements/Sentinel1/A014_20230209_20230221/ Sentinel 1 RNG & AZI: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/Displacements/Sentinel1/A014_20230128_20230209/ ALOS-2: https://aria-share.jpl.nasa.gov/20230206_Turkey_EQ/Displacements/