Fire Events Data Suite (FEDS) Fire Perimeters Current Year - Present (12-Hourly) (Map Image Layer)

Temporal coverage: Current calendar year - Today Data Sources: VIIRS Sensor on NOAA-20 Time Interval: Every 12 Hours Data Latency: ~ 9 - 12 hours from satellite overpass Projection: EPSG:4326 Spatial Extent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, and Canada. Portions of Alaska west of 169 Degrees west and portions of Canada north of 75 degrees north are excluded. Resolution: Vector data derived from the 375 m nadir resolution of the VIIRS sensors Purpose / use case: The FEDS algorithm is an “event-based” approach that tracks the growth and intensity of individual fires every 12 hours and treats them as discrete objects that persist, expand, and evolve together. This tracking strategy allows for detailed monitoring of large fires in space and time as they spread across a landscape. The algorithm clusters VIIRS active fire observations into specific fire events, and then estimates a fire perimeter polygon, the active segment of the perimeter, and metrics for each fire, such as the total estimated area (km^2) and length of the active fire front (km). Each 12-hour increment also includes information on a fire’s mean Fire Radiative Power (FRP), which is a metric that describes fire intensity as estimated by the satellite sensor. This dataset is best used for near real-time situational awareness and retrospective scientific analysis of fire behavior. Notes on Interpretation of the Data: As a satellite-based data product, FEDS has lower spatial resolution and accuracy than fire perimeters derived in operational contexts, such as those from airborne imagers. However, FEDS can provide information when other sources are unavailable, and the algorithm runs automatically in fixed 12-hr intervals for all clusters of fire activity greater than 4 km^2. The FEDS algorithm inherits the same uncertainties associated with the VIIRS active fire product. These include potential geolocation errors that can be relevant for interpreting fire locations and fire spread. For example, hot plumes of smoke can generate false positive detections that overestimate the size of the fire at that time step. In addition, active fire detections may be clustered into events that do not align directly with operational definitions of fire events (i.e., FEDS may group multiple agency-designated fires into a single fire event, or consider a single agency-designated fire to be multiple fire events). Finally, clouds or thick smoke may lead to the omission of VIIRS active fire detections, leading to an underestimate of fire activity and fire spread. More information on the interpretation of the VIIRS Active Fire Dataset for fires can be found in the NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) FAQ. Source information/ Program Information: This dataset was developed as part of the NASA Earth Information Systems (EIS) project. This dataset was generated through the Wildfire Tracking Lab –a collaboration between scientists at NASA Goddard, NASA Langley, NASA Marshall, University of California Irvine, and University of Maryland. Citation: Chen et al. “California wildfire spread derived using VIIRS satellite observations and an object-based tracking system.” Scientific data 9.1 (2022): 249 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01343-0. Repository: The underlying algorithm that generates these data layers is hosted and developed at the Fire Events Data Suite repository. Parameters: Column Name: t Description: Time of VIIRS detection. Data collected during approximately 1:30 AM and 1:30 PM local solar time overpasses. The time component of the datetime is assigned a local time of 00:00:00 for 1:30 AM overpasses, and 12:00:00 for 1:30 PM overpasses. Unit is Datetime. yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss. Time component is in local solar time. Date component is the UTC date. UTC date will match local date for all of CONUS and Canada, but will not match for Alaska. Column Name: region Description: Descriptive name of larger region where tracking is occurring. Column Name: fireid Description: Fire ID. Unique for each fire within a given region. Unit is Numeric ID Column: geometry Description: The shape of the Fire Segment. Unit is Geometry. CRS is EPSG:4326. Column: Primary Key Description: Globally unique identifier for a given layer entry. This key is formatted by [region]|[fireid]|[timestamp]. Unitless. Alternate Forms Of Data Access: This data can also be accessed through an API. Documentation for the API can be found here. The API distributes data in open source data formats. Contact: For inquiries about service performance please contact support@earthdata.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the Earthdata Forum. For questions about the data, please contact the science team with this form.

Temporal coverage: Current calendar year - Today Data Sources: VIIRS Sensor on NOAA-20 Time Interval: Every 12 Hours Data Latency: ~ 9 - 12 hours from satellite overpass Projection: EPSG:4326 Spatial Extent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, and Canada. Portions of Alaska west of 169 Degrees west and portions of Canada north of 75 degrees north are excluded. Resolution: Vector data derived from the 375 m nadir resolution of the VIIRS sensors Purpose / use case: The FEDS algorithm is an “event-based” approach that tracks the growth and intensity of individual fires every 12 hours and treats them as discrete objects that persist, expand, and evolve together. This tracking strategy allows for detailed monitoring of large fires in space and time as they spread across a landscape. The algorithm clusters VIIRS active fire observations into specific fire events, and then estimates a fire perimeter polygon, the active segment of the perimeter, and metrics for each fire, such as the total estimated area (km^2) and length of the active fire front (km). Each 12-hour increment also includes information on a fire’s mean Fire Radiative Power (FRP), which is a metric that describes fire intensity as estimated by the satellite sensor. This dataset is best used for near real-time situational awareness and retrospective scientific analysis of fire behavior. Notes on Interpretation of the Data: As a satellite-based data product, FEDS has lower spatial resolution and accuracy than fire perimeters derived in operational contexts, such as those from airborne imagers. However, FEDS can provide information when other sources are unavailable, and the algorithm runs automatically in fixed 12-hr intervals for all clusters of fire activity greater than 4 km^2. The FEDS algorithm inherits the same uncertainties associated with the VIIRS active fire product. These include potential geolocation errors that can be relevant for interpreting fire locations and fire spread. For example, hot plumes of smoke can generate false positive detections that overestimate the size of the fire at that time step. In addition, active fire detections may be clustered into events that do not align directly with operational definitions of fire events (i.e., FEDS may group multiple agency-designated fires into a single fire event, or consider a single agency-designated fire to be multiple fire events). Finally, clouds or thick smoke may lead to the omission of VIIRS active fire detections, leading to an underestimate of fire activity and fire spread. More information on the interpretation of the VIIRS Active Fire Dataset for fires can be found in the NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) FAQ. Source information/ Program Information: This dataset was developed as part of the NASA Earth Information Systems (EIS) project. This dataset was generated through the Wildfire Tracking Lab –a collaboration between scientists at NASA Goddard, NASA Langley, NASA Marshall, University of California Irvine, and University of Maryland. Citation: Chen et al. “California wildfire spread derived using VIIRS satellite observations and an object-based tracking system.” Scientific data 9.1 (2022): 249 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01343-0. Repository: The underlying algorithm that generates these data layers is hosted and developed at the Fire Events Data Suite repository. Parameters: Column Name: t Description: Time of VIIRS detection. Data collected during approximately 1:30 AM and 1:30 PM local solar time overpasses. The time component of the datetime is assigned a local time of 00:00:00 for 1:30 AM overpasses, and 12:00:00 for 1:30 PM overpasses. Unit is Datetime. yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss. Time component is in local solar time. Date component is the UTC date. UTC date will match local date for all of CONUS and Canada, but will not match for Alaska. Column Name: region Description: Descriptive name of larger region where tracking is occurring. Column Name: fireid Description: Fire ID. Unique for each fire within a given region. Unit is Numeric ID Column: geometry Description: The location of the pixels. Unit is Geometry. CRS is EPSG:4326. Column: Primary Key Description: Globally unique identifier for a given layer entry. This key is formatted by [region]|[fireid]|[timestamp]. Unitless. Alternate Forms Of Data Access: This data can also be accessed through an API. Documentation for the API can be found here. The API distributes data in open source data formats. Contact: For inquiries about service performance please contact support@earthdata.nasa.gov or post/view questions on the Earthdata Forum. For questions about the data, please contact the science team with this form.

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Active Fires (VJ114IMG) Version 2 product is produced in 6-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths) at 375 meter resolution from the VIIRS sensor aboard the NOAA-20 satellite. This product is designed after the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire data products to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. This data product can enable users to understand the location and intensity of fire events as well as thermal anomalies. The VJ114IMG product includes 25 science dataset variables to analyze key factors in fire detection, including atmospheric conditions (e.g., radiance, solar zenith angle, brightness temperature) and fuel type for the event. The fire mask variable in the VJ114IMG product is the primary variable and can be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies such as volcanoes. Each swath of data is approximately 3,060 kilometers along track (long) and 3,060 kilometers across track (wide). The VJ114IMG product is also used to generate higher-level fire data products. Use of the VJ103MODLL data product is required to apply accurate geolocation information to the VNP14IMG Science Datasets (SDS). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Active Fires (VJ214IMG) Version 2 product is produced in 6-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths) at 375 meter resolution from the VIIRS sensor located on the NOAA-21 satellite. This product is designed after the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire data products to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. This data product can enable users to understand the location and intensity of fire events as well as identifying thermal anomalies. The VJ214IMG product includes 26 Science Dataset (SDS) variables to analyze key factors in fire detection, including atmospheric conditions (e.g., atmospheric reflectance, solar zenith angle, brightness temperature) and fuel type for the event. The fire mask variable in the VJ214IMG product is the primary variable and can be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies such as volcanoes. In addition to the fire mask, brightness temperature is provided for VIIRS channels M5, M7, M11, M13, M15, and M16. Each swath of data is approximately 3,060 kilometers along track (long) and 3,060 kilometers across track (wide). The VJ214IMG product is also used to generate higher-level fire data products. Use of the VJ203MODLL data product is required to apply accurate geolocation information to the VNP14IMG Science Datasets (SDS). Known Issues * The long name should read "VIIRS/JPSS2 Thermal Anomalies/Fire 6-Min L2 Swath 375m V002". This should be rectified in future versions. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The delivery of all Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS science data products will cease on November 2, 2026 (2026/306). Data users are encouraged to transition to the equivalent VJ214IMG (primary) or VJ114IMG (secondary) data products. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Active Fires (VNP14IMG) Version 2 product is produced in 6-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths) at 375 meter resolution from the VIIRS sensor aboard the NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. This Level 2 product is designed after the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire data products to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. This data product can enable users to understand the location and intensity of fire events. Due to its higher spatial resolution, the VNP14IMG active fire product provides greater response over fires of relatively small areas, as well as improved mapping of large fire perimeters in comparison to the VNP14 fire data product. The VNP14IMG product includes 25 science dataset variables to analyze key factors in fire detection, including atmospheric conditions (e.g., radiance, solar zenith angle, brightness temperature) and fuel type for the event. The fire mask variable in the VNP14IMG product is the primary variable and can be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies such as volcanoes. Each swath of data is approximately 3,060 kilometers along track (long) and 3,060 kilometers across track (wide). The VNP14IMG product is also used to generate higher-level fire data products. Use of the (VNP03MODLL) data product is required to apply accurate geolocation information to the VNP14IMG Science Datasets (SDS) / Variables. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

The daily NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire (VJ114A1) Version 2 data product provides daily information about active fires and other thermal anomalies. The VJ114A1 data product is a global, 1 kilometer (km) gridded composite of fire pixels detected from VIIRS 750 meter (m) bands over a daily (24-hour) period. The VJ114 data products are designed after the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies/Fire product suite. The VJ114A1 product provides a total of four Science Dataset (SDS) variables for the confidence of fire, maximum fire radiative power (FRP), quality assessment (QA), and position of fire within scan. Each data product file is provided in HDF-EOS5 format. A low resolution browse is also provided showing the fire mask variable with a color map applied in JPEG format. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website and in Section 5.0 “Frequently Asked Questions” of the User Guide.